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286 results for “Forest composition”
Coarse Woody Debris (CWD) biomass across a compositional gradient of intermediate-aged and mature forest stands within Interior Alaska collected 2008-2011.
This dataset includes coarse woody debris data for intermediate-aged and mature boreal forest stands across interior Alaska.
Fine Woody Debris (FWD) biomass across a compositional gradient of intermediate-aged and mature forest stands within Interior Alaska collected 2008-2011.
This dataset includes fine woody debris data for intermediate-aged and mature boreal forest stands across interior Alaska.
Foliage chemistry across a compositional gradient of intermediate-aged and mature forest stands within Interior Alaska collected 2008-2011.
This dataset includes foliage %C and %N data for intermediate-aged (20-59 yr old) and mature (60+ yr old) boreal forest stands across interior Alaska. Data have not been published.
Snag size and composition across a compositional gradient of intermediate-aged and mature forest stands within Interior Alaska collected 2008-2011.
This dataset includes snag biomass data for intermediate-aged and mature boreal forest stands across interior Alaska.
Size and composition of all live and dead trees and large shrubs across a compositional gradient of intermediate-aged and mature forest stands within Interior Alaska collected 2008-2011.
This dataset includes snag biomass data for intermediate-aged (20-59 yr old) and mature (60+ yr old) boreal forest stands across interior Alaska. Data from intermediate-aged stands was published in Alexander et al. 2012.
Twig chemistry across a compositional gradient of intermediate-aged and mature forest stands within Interior Alaska collected 2008-2011.
This dataset includes twig %C and %N data for intermediate-aged (20-59 yr old) and mature (60+ yr old) boreal forest stands across interior Alaska. Data have not been published.
Nitrate Isotopic Composition, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Watershed 3, 2011
Despite decades of measurements, the nitrogen balance of temperate forest catchments remains poorly understood. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition often greatly exceeds streamwater nitrogen losses; the fate of the remaining nitrogen is highly uncertain. Gaseous losses of nitrogen to denitrification are especially poorly documented and are often ignored. Here, we provide isotopic evidence (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) from shallow groundwater at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest indicating extensive denitrification during midsummer, when transient, perched patches of saturation developed in hillslopes, with poor hydrological connectivity to the stream, while streamwater showed no isotopic evidence of denitrification. During small rain events, precipitation directly contributed up to 34% of streamwater nitrate, which was otherwise produced by nitrification. Together, these measurements reveal the importance of denitrification in hydrologically disconnected patches of shallow groundwater during midsummer as largely overlooked control points for nitrogen loss from temperate forest catchments. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Foliar Nitrogen and Natural Abundance Nitrogen Isotopic Composition
Foliar nitrogen and natural abundance stable isotopes of nitrogen in foliage were measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14 m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes foliar nitrogen and natural abundance stable isotopes of nitrogen in foliage from 2012 to 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Branch Xylem Water Isotopic Composition
Natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and deuterium-excess in branch xylem water were measured within the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14 m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and deuterium-excess in branch xylem water from 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil Water Isotopic Composition
Natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in soil water were measured adjacent to the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14 m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes natural abundance stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in soil water from 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
STEPPS 2000 Year Forest Composition Estimates, Upper Midwest US, Level 2
Forest ecosystems in eastern North America have been in flux for the last several thousand years, well before Euro-American land clearance and the 20th-century onset of anthropogenic climate change. However, the magnitude and uncertainty of prehistoric vegetation change have been difficult to quantify because of the multiple ecological, dispersal, and sedimentary processes that govern the relationship between forest composition and fossil pollen assemblages. Here we extend STEPPS, a Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal pollen-vegetation model, to estimate changes in forest composition in the upper Midwestern United States from about 2,100 to 300 years ago. Using this approach, we find evidence for large changes in the relative abundance of some species, and significant changes in community composition. However, these changes took place against a regional background of changes that were small in magnitude or not statistically significant, suggesting complexity in the spatio-temporal patterns of forest dynamics. The single largest change is the infilling of Tsuga canadensis in northern Wisconsin over the past 2000 years. Despite range in-filling, the range limit of T. canadensis was largely stable, with modest expansion westward. The regional ecotone between temperate hardwood forests and northern mixed hardwood/conifer forests shifted southwestward by 15-20 km in Minnesota and northwestern Wisconsin. Fraxinus, Ulmus, and other mesic hardwoods expanded in the Big Woods region of southern Minnesota. The increasing density of paleoecological data networks and advances in statistical modeling approaches now enables the confident detection of subtle but significant changes in forest composition over the last 2,000 years.This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
STEPPS 8000 Year Forest Composition Estimates, Northeastern US, Level 2
These reconstructions of forest composition in the northeastern US for the last 8,000 years help establish natural baselines, variability, and trajectories of forest dynamics before and during the emergence of intensive anthropogenic land use. These reconstructions are based on 1) the pollen–vegetation model (PVM) STEPPS, 2) a network of fossil and modern pollen data mostly drawn from the Neotoma Paleoecology Database (www.neotomadb.org), and 3) a vegetation calibration dataset based on a spatial statistical model of relative tree abundances from the Township Proprietor Survey (TPS) from the early EuroAmerican settlement period. STEPPS is a process-based Bayesian Hierarchical Model that is run in two stages: a parameterization stage based upon spatial data layers of forest composition and pollen assemblages, and a prediction stage based on fossil pollen assemblages. The statistical modeling of the TPS forest data and relative abundances is described by Paciorek et al. (2016, PLoS One, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150087) and is available at EDI as PalEON Products msb.paleon.1 (doi: 10.6073/pasta/8544e091b64db26fdbbbafd0699fa4f9) and msb.paleon.4 (doi: 10.6073/pasta/3c4844cfe8beff6b173b62034d1cb5d8). The parameterization of STEPPS and comparison to REVEALS, a different widely used PVM, is described by Trachsel et al. (2020, Quaternary Research, doi:10.1017/qua.2019.81). Both PVMs predict the observed macroscale patterns of vegetation composition in the NEUS; however, reconstructions of minor taxa are less accurate and predictions for some taxa differ between PVMs. These differences can be attributed to intermodel differences in structure and parameter estimates. STEPPS parameter estimates are similar between the UMW and NEUS, suggesting that STEPPS parameter estimates are transferable between floristically similar regions and scales. The parameterized STEPPS model was then run for a network of fossil pollen records from the Neotoma Paleoecology Database to produce post
Data from: Intra-specific variation in tree growth responses to neighborhood composition and seasonal drought in a tropical forest
<p>1. Functional traits are expected to provide insights into the abiotic and biotic drivers of plant demography. However, successfully linking traits to plant demographic performance likely requires the consideration of important contextual and individual-level information that is often ignored in trait-based ecology.</p> <p>2. Here, we modeled 8 years of growth from 1,138 individual trees from 36 tropical rain forest species. We compared models of tree growth parameterized using individual-level versus species mean trait data. We also compared models that considered regional climatic, local biotic and whole-plant allocation contexts to those that do not.</p> <p>3. Our analyses show that growth models parameterized using individual-level trait information outperformed those that used species mean trait information and that these models often contradicted one another indicating that the common practice of using species mean trait data requires more scrutiny. Additionally, we found that models including climatic, biotic and allocation contexts outperformed those that did not and provide nuanced insights into the drivers of tree growth in a tropical forest.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Here, we have shown that the development of models of tree demographic performance upon the basis of traits can be improved through a consideration of individual-level trait variation as well as phenotypic and climatic contexts. We highlight that our ability to understand the drivers of tree population and community structure and dynamics in current and in future climates will be limited if contextual and individual-level data remains understudied.</p>
Soil depth matters: Shift in composition and inter-kingdom co-occurrence patterns of microorganisms in forest soils
<p>Soil depth represents a strong physiochemical gradient that greatly affects soil-dwelling microorganisms. Fungal communities are typically structured by soil depth, but how other microorganisms are structured is less known. Here, we tested whether depth-dependent variation in soil chemistry affects the distribution and co-occurrence patterns of soil microbial communities. This was investigated by DNA metabarcoding in conjunction with network analyses of bacteria, fungi, as well as other micro-eukaryotes, sampled in four different soil depths in Norwegian birch forests. Strong compositional turnover in microbial assemblages with soil depth was detected for all organismal groups. Significantly greater microbial diversity and fungal biomass appeared in the nutrient-rich organic layer, with sharp decrease towards the less nutrient-rich mineral zones. The proportions of copiotrophic bacteria, Arthropoda and Apicomplexa were markedly higher in the organic layer, while patterns were opposite for oligotrophic bacteria, Cercozoa, Ascomycota and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Network analyses indicated more intensive inter-kingdom co-occurrence patterns in the upper mineral layer (0-5 cm) compared to the above organic and the lower mineral soil, signifying substantial influence of soil depth on biotic interactions. This study supports the view that different microbial groups are adapted to different forest soil strata, with varying level of interactions along the depth gradient.</p>
Data from: A three decade assessment of climate-associated changes in forest composition across the north-eastern USA
1. Climate-associated changes in forest composition have been widely reported, particularly where changes in abiotic conditions have resulted in high mortality of sensitive species and have disproportionately favored certain species better adapted to these newer conditions. In the northeastern USA and southeastern Canada, few studies have examined climate-related influences associated on forest composition, and none have considered broad-scale changes over a long temporal (>25 years) period. 2. We used US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data from 1983-2014 across four northeastern states (Maine, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont) to assess temporal and spatial changes in the occurrence and abundance of American beech, sugar maple (Acer sacharum L.), red maple (A. rubrum L.), and birch (Betula spp.) saplings. We also tested the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the distribution of the four studied deciduous species over the entire studied period. 3. Occurrence and abundance of American beech have increased substantially over the past three decades, whereas the occurrence and abundance of three-other deciduous species have decreased in all ecological provinces of the northeastern USA, except the Midwest Broadleaf ecological province. Consequently, a clear shift in species composition is currently underway in the beech-maple-birch (BMB) forests of the northeastern USA, with uncertain consequences for future ecosystem structure and function. 4. In the studied region and over the entire studied period, the distribution of increased occurrence and abundance of beech relative to three-other deciduous species were associated with the higher temperature and precipitation as well as higher conspecific basal area and dead tree basal area. 5. Synthesis and applications: The change from BMB forests to beech-dominated forests and beech encroachment to new forest areas across the northeast may expand in areas where higher intensity harvesting/disturbances (i.e., large-scale canopy openings) do not occur, which would be a management concern as the beech is associated with the beech-bark disease. Our results emphasize the need for management strategies such as higher intensity harvesting methods, vegetation management, and controlling browsing pressure to reduce the beech dominance.
Liana communities exhibit different species composition, diversity and community structure across forest types in the Congo Basin
<p>Lianas are poorly characterized for central African forests. We quantify variation in liana composition, diversity and community structure in different forest types in the Yangambi Man and Biosphere Reserve, Democratic Republic of Congo. These attributes of liana assemblages were examined in 12 1-ha plots, randomly demarcated within regrowth forest, old-growth monodominant forest, old-growth mixed forest and old-growth edge forest. Using a combination of multivariate and univariate community analyses, we visualize the patterns of these liana assemblage attributes and/or test for their significant differences across forest types. The combined 12 1-ha area contains 2,638 lianas (≥ 2 cm diameter) representing 105 species, 49 genera and 22 families. Liana species composition differed significantly across forest types. Taxonomic diversity was higher in old-growth mixed forests compared to old-growth monodominant and regrowth forests. Trait diversity was higher than expected in the regrowth forest as opposed to the rest of forest types. Similarly, the regrowth forest differed from the rest of forest types in the pattern of liana species ecological traits and diameter frequency distribution. The regrowth forest was also less densely populated in lianas, and had lower liana total basal area than the rest of forest types. We speculate that the mechanism of liana competitive exclusion by dominant tree species is mainly responsible for the lower liana species diversity in monodominant compared to mixed forests. We attribute variation in liana community structure between regrowth and old-growth forests mostly to short development time of size hierarchies.</p>
Data from: Flooding and soil composition determine beta-diversity of lowland forests in Northern South America
Beta diversity may be determined by dispersal limitation, environment and phylogeographic history. Our objective was to advance the understanding of plant species turnover in rainforests in Northern South America and determine which factors are affecting species beta-diversity. We evaluated the relative effect of environmental variables (i.e. soil, climate, fragmentation and flooding frequency) and dispersal limitation (i.e. geographical distance and resistance distance due mountain barriers) on tree beta diversity in 32 1-ha lowland forest plots. We found that tree species turnover was better explained by environmental distance than by geographic distance. Although, soil conditions and flooding regime were good predictors of tree species composition, almost half of the variance remained unexplained. In our study system, the Eastern Andean ridge had no significant effect on plant beta diversity, probably because of its young age in relation to the phylogeny. Our results provide support for the importance of environmental factors and suggests a more restricted role of dispersal limitation. Therefore, we advise that conservation strategies of lowland trees should consider specific forest types (e.g. seasonally flooded vs. terra firme, as well as piedmont vs. central Amazonian forests).
Dataset for paper "Interpreting the shifts in forest structure, plant community composition, diversity, and functional identity by using remote sensing-derived wildfire severity"
<p>Interpreting the shifts in forest structure, plant community composition, diversity, and functional identity by using remote sensing-derived wildfire severity . New collected data</p>
Diversity, species coexistence, and functional composition patterns in subtropical Atlantic Forests invaded by non-native trees
<ol> <li>Biological invasions are a major environmental challenge today. Interactions between invasive and native species can significantly shape community structures, influencing co-existence, diversity, and functional composition of species. The subtropical Atlantic forest in southern Brazil, a recognized biodiversity hotspot, provides a unique setting to study these interactions, given its vulnerability to alien tree invasions. </li> <li>Our study sought to elucidate the impacts of such invasions on this fragile ecosystem by addressing key questions: 1) How are tree community diversity patterns affected by the abundance of invading alien tree species? 2) What are the patterns of coexistence between native and alien invasive trees? 3) Is the functional composition of the forests altered by the abundance of invasive trees?</li> <li>To address these questions, we compiled data on the abundance and functional traits of native and invasive trees. We determined the diversity patterns and functional composition of plots with different degrees of invasion. These data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, Principal Component Analysis, and a coexistence index.</li> <li>In plots with a higher abundance of invasive trees, there was a significant decrease in the taxonomic and functional richness of native species. Furthermore, we observed that invasive alien trees coexisted with native species, and as the abundance of invasive trees increased, the native community weighted mean (CWM) of the leaf area and specific leaf area decreased.</li> <li>In conclusion, within the subtropical Atlantic forest areas of southern Brazil, our findings highlight that the abundance of invasive trees adversely affects the taxonomic and functional richness of native species. Furthermore, while invasive alien trees were found to coexist with native species, increased invasive abundance corresponded to a reduction in the leaf area and the specific leaf area of the native community.</li> </ol>
Data from: Uniqueness of tree stand composition and soil microbial communities are related across urban spruce-dominated forests
<p>The dataset contains data obtained from urban spruce-dominated forests in southern Finland where we have measured tree stand composition, forest management history, soil chemical properties, and soil microbial communities. Data files include (1) microbial OTU tables describing microbial community composition (sequence read counts of Operational Taxonomic Units) across the study plots, (2) taxonomic assignments and other metadata related to OTUs, and (3) measured and calculated variables describing the characteristics of sites and their microbial assemblages (site metadata).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.