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Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE10_Hydro (Duplin River west of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2012 through 31-Dec-2012

Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE10_Hydro (Duplin River west of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2012 through 31-Dec-2012. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.

Survey of high marsh plant structure and biomass for Spartina, Juncus, Borrichia and Batis specimens on Sapelo Island, Georgia during May to June 2015

From May 29th to June 27th of 2015, plant specimens of Spartina, Juncus, Borrichia, and Batis were extracted from Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Study Site 6 and brought to the UGA Marine Institute research center for structural and biomass measurements. The focus of the structural measurements were to capture the top-down horizontal length and branching angles of rhizomes connecting the above-ground plant shoots. The height of plant shoots were also measured, along with the dry-weight mass of all measured plant components. The purpose of these measurements was to provide data that will be the basis for parameter values used in the Virtual Prairie agent-based model for clonal plant growth and competition. Note that a web-based index of plant photographs from this study are available at http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/public/datasets/ancillary/PLT-GCET-1508/.

Visual survey of insect communities on Iva frutescens in summer 2013 and 2014 on Sapelo Island, Georgia

Visual surveys were conducted in summer 2013 and 2014 to record the insect fauna that occurred on patches of Iva frutescens. Forty-four patches of Iva frutescens at three locations on Sapelo Island, Georgia, were marked for repetitive surveys. Thirty-eight of these patches were sampled in 2014. The patches were visually surveyed every three days from May 29 - June 15, 2013, and from June 1 - July 29, 2014, and the taxon and abundance of insects were recorded. This submission contains three data tables: 1. Insect fauna of Iva patches in 2013. This data set includes observations of 44 patches on 6 sampling dates, and includes Armases crab data. 2. Insect fauna of Iva patches in 2014. This data set includes observations of 38 patches on 20 sampling dates. 3. Structure of Iva patches on Sapelo Island in 2013. This data set contains the dimensions (Length, Width, Height) and surrounding environments of the Iva patches that were surveyed in 2013. The GPS locations of the patches were measured in 2014.

Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE1_Hydro (Sapelo River near Eulonia, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015

Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE1_Hydro (Sapelo River near Eulonia, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.

Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE2_Hydro (Four Mile Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015

Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE2_Hydro (Four Mile Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.

Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015

Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.

Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE6_Hydro (Doboy Sound south of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015

Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE6_Hydro (Doboy Sound south of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.

Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE7_Hydro (Altamaha River near Carrs Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015

Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE7_Hydro (Altamaha River near Carrs Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.

Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE8_Hydro (Altamaha River near Aligator Creek, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015

Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE8_Hydro (Altamaha River near Aligator Creek, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.

Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE9_Hydro (Altamaha River near Rockdedundy Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015

Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE9_Hydro (Altamaha River near Rockdedundy Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.

Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE10_Hydro (Duplin River west of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015

Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE10_Hydro (Duplin River west of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2015 through 31-Dec-2015. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.

Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE11_Hydro (Altamaha River near Lewis Creek, Georgia) from 07-Oct-2015 through 31-Dec-2015

Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE11_Hydro (Altamaha River near Lewis Creek, Georgia) from 07-Oct-2015 through 31-Dec-2015. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately semi-monthly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.

Climate data from the SINERR/GCE/UGAMI weather station at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island, Georgia, from 01-Jan-2015 to 31-Dec-2015

Air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, precipitation, photosynthetically-available and total solar radiation, and wind speed and direction were measured using an automated Campbell Scientific Instruments climate station installed at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Observations were logged at 15 minute intervals throughout the study period. The sensors were mounted on a 10m aluminum tower, with wind sensors mounted at the top, light sensors at approximately 5m, and other sensors at 2-3m to minimize interference from the surrounding landscape. This climate station was jointly operated by the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve, the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project, and University of Georgia Marine Institute.

Climate data from the SINERR/GCE/UGAMI weather station at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island, Georgia, from 01-Jan-2016 to 31-Dec-2016

openCC (other)Oct 2020View details →

Long-term Climate data from the SINERR/GCE/UGAMI weather station at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island, Georgia, from 03-Jan-2003 to 31-Dec-2019

Air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, precipitation, photosynthetically-available and total solar radiation, and wind speed and direction were measured using an automated Campbell Scientific Instruments climate station installed at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Observations were logged at 15 minute intervals throughout the study period. The sensors were mounted on a 10m aluminum tower, with wind sensors mounted at the top, light sensors at approximately 5m, and other sensors at 2-3m to minimize interference from the surrounding landscape. Annual data sets from 2003 to 2019 were then synthesized and standardized to create a long-term, monotonic time series data set that will be updated annually. This climate station was jointly operated by the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve, the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project, and University of Georgia Marine Institute.

Chemical speciation of copper in a salt marsh estuary near Sapelo Island, Georgia

The concentrations of dissolved copper (Cud), copper-binding ligands, thiourea-type thiols and humic substances (HSCu) were measured in estuarine waters adjacent to Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA, on a monthly basis from April to December 2014. Here we present the seasonal cycle of copper speciation within the estuary and compare it to the development of an annually occurring bloom of ammonia oxidising archaea (AOA) Thaumarchaeota, which require copper for many enzymes. Two types of complexing ligands (L1 and L2) were found to dominate with mean complex stabilities (log K'CuL) of 14.5 and 12.8. Strong complexation resulted in lowering of the free cupric ion (Cu2+) concentration to femtomolar (fM) levels throughout the study and to sub-fM levels during the summer months. A Thaumarchaeota bloom during this period suggests that this organism manages to grow at very low Cu2+ concentrations. Correlation of the concentration of the L1 ligand class with a thiourea-type thiol and the L2 ligand class with HSCu provide convincing evidence for the identity of the ligands. Due to the stronger complex stability, 82 - 99 % of the copper was bound to L1. Thiourea-type thiols form strong Cu(I) species, suggesting that ~90% copper is present as Cu(I) in this region, upsetting the paradigm of its predominance as Cu(II). In view of the very low concentration of free copper (pCu >15 at the onset and during the bloom) and a reputedly high requirement for copper, it is likely that the Thaumarchaeota are able to access the thiol-bound copper directly.

openCC (other)Jun 2021View details →

Effects of Small-scale Armoring and Residential Development on the Salt Marsh/Upland Ecotone in Coastal Georgia, USA

Use of small-scale armoring placed near the marsh-upland interface to protect single-family homes from flooding is a widespread coastal development practice, but its effect on the environment is under studied. We compared the biota and environmental characteristics of 60 marshes on the coast of Georgia, USA, that were adjacent to either a bulkhead, a residential backyard with no armoring, or an intact forest during June-July 2013 using a nested, spatially blocked sampling design. For each plot in each sampling site, we used real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS to measure the location and elevation of the upper marsh. We collected cores to determine porewater salinity and nutrient concentrations as well as grain size distribution of marsh sediments. We quantified flora (vegetation composition) and fauna (snail, bivalve, and crab abundance) in the upper marsh ecotone. For sites with bulkheads, we recorded the height, thickness and condition of the bulkhead, as well as surveyed the animals living on and around the bulkheads.

Coupling between Sediment and Water Column Populations of Ammonia Oxidizing Thaumarchaeota in the Duplin River near Sapelo Island, Georgia

Populations of nitrifying organisms in the water column at Marsh Landing display a midsummer peak in the abundance of ammonia oxidizing Archaea (AOA) at the site, coinciding with a peak in nitrite concentration. Marsh Landing is at the mouth of the Duplin River, a dead-end tidal channel that drains an extensive area of salt marsh. While the lower Duplin River at Marsh Landing exchanges tidally with Doboy Sound and thus South Atlantic Bight (SAB) coastal waters, water in its upper reaches has a residence time of weeks. The work reported here had two goals: 1) test the hypothesis that the surrounding salt marsh is the source of nitrifiers seen in water samples taken at Marsh Landing; and 2) compare the seasonal dynamics of nitrifiers in surficial sediments with those in the water column. We sampled 6 stations along the ~20 km length of the Duplin River. We collected surface water samples (~0.20 m) at low- to mid-tide, monthly from April-December 2014. Sediment samples (top 1 cm) were collected at the same time from unvegetated creek bank at 2 locations on the Duplin River and from 4 locations spanning the creek bank-to-upland gradient of the saltmarsh accessible from the Teal Boardwalk. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing Archaea, Marine Group 1 Archaea (Thaumarchaeota), ammonia oxidizing Betaproteobacteria (AOB), Bacteria and Nitrospina, a nitrite oxidizing bacterium, were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of DNA extracted from the samples. This data set contains the abundance estimates from April to December 2014 for sediment and water column samples, with corresponding water quality measurements (temperature, salinity and nitrogenous nutrient concentrations).

Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in Doboy Sound and the Altamaha River near Sapelo Island, Georgia in 2012-2013

The composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Altamaha River estuary and Doboy Sound near Sapelo Island, Georgia, was investigated at the molecular level using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and stable carbon isotope analyses. DOM samples were collected in November 2012, May 2013, and September 2013 representing different hydrological regimes, including anomalously low-discharge conditions. DOM was also collected from water as it flooded and ebbed from an extensive marsh area at Sapelo Island in May 2013. The untargeted approach used allowed for identifying the DOM molecular signatures associated with different DOM sources in the estuary.

Microbially-Mediated Transformations of Estuarine Dissolved Organic Matter from Doboy Sound, Sapelo Sound and the Altamaha River near Sapelo Island, Georgia in 2012-2013

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) samples were collected from a marsh-dominated estuarine system (Altamaha River estuary, Doboy Sound and Sapelo Sound near Sapelo Island, Georgia), inoculated with native microbiological samples, and incubated in the dark for up to 70 days. Control and incubated DOM samples were then anlyzed using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to investiage microbially-mediated transformations at the molecular level. Samples were collected at high tide in November 2012 and May 2013.