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89 results for “Glires”
Fig. 3 in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China
Fig. 3. Upper teeth of Gomphos elkema. A. Occlusal view of left P3–M1 (IVPP V13509.5). B. Occlusal view of right P4–M1 (V13509.6).
Fig. 9. A–F in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China
Fig. 9. A–F, Distal, proximal, dorsal, ventral, medial, and lateral views of the right cuboid of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V13510.3). Abbreviations: CaCu, calcaneocuboid facet; CuEc, facet for ectocuneiform; CuM45, facet for metatarsals IV and V; CuN, cuboidonavicular facet; and pp, plantar process.
Fig. 8. A–E in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China
Fig. 8. A–E, Dorsal, ventral, lateral, distal, and medial views of the right calcaneus of Gomphos elkema (IVPP V13510.1). Abbreviations: at, anterior plantar tubercle; CaA, calcaneoastragalar facet; CaCu, calcaneocuboid facet; gtff, groove for the tendon of M. flexor fibularis; pp, peroneal process; ptca, calcaneal protuberance; su, sustentacular facet; sus, sustentaculum talus; and tub, tuber of the calcaneus.
Fig. 62 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 62. Anterior, posterior, and medial views of the left patella of Rhombomylus (IVPP V7428).
Fig. 52 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 52. Lateral and medial views of the mandible of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5288).
Fig. 35 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 35. Stereoscopic view of the occipital region of skull of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5281).
Fig. 32 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 32. Lateral view of the zygomatic arch of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5289).
Fig. 23 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 23. Dorsal view of the skull of Rhombomylus. Reconstruction is based mainly on an adult skull
Fig. 31 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 31. Stereoscopic view of the lateral orbital and temporal regions of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5289).
Fig. 34 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 34. Stereoscopic view of the ventrolateral basicranial region of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5289).
Fig. 50 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 50. Dorsal views of endocranial casts of Rhombomylus (IVPP V7486, V5286).
Fig. 38 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 38. Stereoscopic view of the internal braincase and ear region of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5262).
Fig. 13 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 13. Occlusal, labial, and lingual views of lower cheek teeth of Rhombomylus (IVPP V7591).
Fig. 9 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 9. Occlusal, lingual, and labial views of upper cheek teeth of Rhombomylus (IVPP V7528).
Fig. 33 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires
Fig. 33. Stereoscopic views of ventral basicranial regions of Rhombomylus (IVPP V5289, V5281).
Fig. 5 in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China
Fig. 5. Lower teeth of Gomphos elkema. A–C. Occlusal, lingual, and labial views of right m1–m3
Fig. 6 in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China
Fig. 6. Lower teeth of Gomphos elkema. A–B. Occlusal views of left and right m1–m3, respectively
Fig. 1 in Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China
Fig. 1. Locality map of the Erlian Basin (after Meng et al., 1998).
Distribution patterns and drivers of non-endemic and endemic glires species in China
<p><span>Spatial patterns and determinants of species richness in complex geographical regions are important subjects of current biogeography and biodiversity conservation research. Glires are small herbivorous mammal species with limited migratory ability that may serve as an indicator of biodiversity and ecosystems. Herein, we aimed to evaluate how multiple ecological hypotheses could explain the species richness patterns of glires in China. Initially, we constructed a mapping grid of 80 </span>×<span> 80 km<sup>2</sup> squares which covered China's land mass and mapped the distribution ranges of the 237 glires species that had recorded. The glires taxa were separated into three response variables based on their distribution: (a) all species, (b) non-endemic species, and (c) endemic species. The species richness patterns of the response variables were evaluated using four predictor sets: (a) hydrothermal characteristics, (b) climatic seasonality, (c) habitat heterogeneity, and (d) human factors. We performed regression tree analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and variation partitioning analyses to determine the effects of predictors on spatial species patterns. The results showed that the distribution pattern of species richness was the highest in the Hengduan Mountains and surrounding areas in southwest China. However, only a few endemic species adapted to high-latitude environments. It was found that there are differences in the determinants between non-endemic and endemic species. Habitat heterogeneity was the most influential determinant for the distribution patterns of non-endemic species richness. Climatic seasonality was the best predictor to determine the richness distribution pattern of endemic species, whereas this was least affected by human factors. Furthermore, it should be noted, that hydrothermal characteristics were not strong predictors of richness patterns for all or non-endemic species, which may be due to the fact that there are also more species in some areas with less precipitation or energy. Therefore, glires are likely to persist in areas with characteristics of high habitat heterogeneity and stable climate.</span></p>
Mandibular characteristics of early Glires (Mammalia) reveal mixed rodent and lagomorph morphotypes
<p>Glires (rodents, lagomorphs and their fossil kin) is the most speciose and arguably most diversified clade of living placentals. Different lineages within the Glires evolved basically opposite chewing movements: a mostly transversal power stroke in lagomorphs, and a mostly proal power stroke in rodents, but the ancestral condition for Glires is as yet unclear. To address on this knowledge gap, we studied the mandibles of Paleocene Glires from China representing the duplicidentate (lagomorph-like; <em>Mimotona</em>) and simplicidentate (rodent-like; <em>Eomylus</em> and <em>Heomys</em>) lineages. To assess the mechanical resistance of mandibles to bending and torsion, we calculated the section modulus. The dentaries differ in depth, curvature of the ventral margin, the bending of the dental row and the region where the maximum grinding force was likely applied. In general, the early Paleocene <em>Mimotona</em> <em>lii</em> and the middle Paleocene <em>Mimotona</em> <em>robusta</em> and <em>Heomys</em> <em>orientalis</em> all show a pattern of increasing strength moving distally along the mandible, similar to sciurids and the mountain beaver. In contrast, the late Paleocene <em>Eomylus</em> sp. had a mandible that was strongest in the region of m1, a pattern seen in lagomorphs and also the stem placental <em>Zofialestes</em>. Our results indicate the early diversification of mandible structure of Glires, demonstrate a mixture of duplicidentate and simplicidentate characters among the basal Glires and suggest an early occurrence of a lagomorph-like morphotype.</p>
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