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7,350 results for “HIV”
High-Intensity Exercise to Attenuate Limitations and Train Habits in Older Adults With HIV
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04550676. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Enhancing Partner Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04971967. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Ending Transmission of HIV, HCV, and STDs and Overdose in Rural Communities of People Who Inject Drugs (ETHIC)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04427202. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Group-Based Intervention to Improve Mental Health and Adherence Among Youth Living With HIV in Low Resource Settings
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04024488. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 4. Publications: 0.
Treatment in Preventing Anal Cancer in Patients With HIV and Anal High-Grade Lesions
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02135419. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 4.
A Nurse-led Intervention to Extend the Veteran HIV Treatment Cascade for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04545489. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Dolutegravir-Containing Versus Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens in HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women and Their Infants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03048422. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 9. Publications: 5.
IMPAACT 2002: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Medication Management for Treatment of Depression in US Youth With HIV
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02939131. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Love Infection: A Dramatized Story Intervention (Telenovela/Soap Opera) for HIV Prevention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05358366. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 30.
Data from: The impact of long-term azithromycin on antibiotic resistance in HIV-associated chronic lung disease
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Deep-sequencing of viral genomes from treatment-naive HIV-infected persons shows positive association between intrahost genetic diversity and viral load
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Rapid biphasic decay of intact and defective HIV DNA reservoir during acute treated HIV disease
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Data for: Analysis of travel time to HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa reveals inequities in access to antiretrovirals
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Optimized SMRT-UMI protocol produces highly accurate sequence datasets from diverse populations – application to HIV-1 quasispecies
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Switch to second-line versus continued first-line antiretroviral therapy for patients with low-level HIV-1 viremia: an open-label randomized controlled trial in Lesotho
<p>These are pseudo-anonymised data from the SESOTHO randomised trial: "Switch to second-line versus WHO-guided standard of care for unsuppressed patients on first-line ART with viremia below 1000 copies/mL – a multicenter, parallel-group, open-label, randomized clinical study in rural Lesotho". There are two datasets, one containing baseline data (one row per participant) and one containing longitudinal viral load data (one row per participant per visit). The data dictionary explains the data available in each dataset. Between August 2017 and August 2019, 80 eligible and consenting participants were enrolled from eight health facilities in four districts of Lesotho, and followed up for nine months. The protocol was published, DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-2979-y</p>
Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) Is Released in the Secretome of Activated MDMs and Reduces in vitro HIV-1 Infection
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Haplotype-specific alternative splicing of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) aminopeptidase type 2 (ERAP2) gene results in either full-length (FL, haplotype A) or alternatively spliced (AS, haplotype B) mRNA. HapA/HapA homozygous (HomoA) subjects show a reduced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, probably secondary to the modulation of the antigen processing/presenting machinery. ERAP1 was recently shown to be secreted from the plasma membrane in response to activation; we investigated whether ERAP2 can be released as well and if the secreted form of this enzyme retains its antiviral function.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Human monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) were differentiated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 6 HomoA healthy controls and stimulated with IFNγ and LPS. ERAP2-FL secretion was evaluated by mass spectrometry. PBMCs (14 HomoA and 16 HomoB) and CD8-depleted PBMCs (CD8<sup>−</sup>PBMCs) (4 HomoA and 4 HomoB) were <em>in vitro</em> HIV-infected in the absence/presence of recombinant human ERAP2-FL (rhERAP2) protein; p24 viral antigen quantification was used to assess viral replication. IFNγ and CD69 mRNA expression, as well as the percentage of perforin-producing CD8+ T Lymphocytes, were analyzed 3 and 7-days post <em>in vitro</em> HIV-1-infection, respectively. The effect of rhERAP2 addition in cell cultures on T cell apoptosis, proliferation, activation, and maturation was evaluated as well on 24 h-stimulated PBMCs.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> ERAP2 can be secreted from human MDMs in response to IFNγ/LPS stimulation. Notably, the addition of rhERAP2 to PBMC and CD8<sup>−</sup>PBMC cultures resulted in the reduction of viral replication, though these differences were statistically significant only in PBMCs (<em>p</em> < 0.05 in both HomoA and HomoB). This protective effect was associated with an increase in IFNγ and CD69 mRNA expression and in the percentage of perforin-expressing CD107<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> cells. RhERAP2 addition also resulted in an increase in CD8<sup>+</sup> activated lymphocyte (CD25<sup>+</sup>HLA<sup>−</sup>DRII<sup>+</sup>) and Effector Memory/Terminally differentiated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells ratio.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This is the first report providing evidence for the release of ERAP2 in the secretome of immunocompetent cells. Data herein also indicate that exogenous ERAP2-FL exerts its protective function against HIV-1 infection, even in HomoB subjects who do not genetically produce it. Presumably, this defensive extracellular feature is only partially dependent on immune system modulation.</p>
Data from: Implementation of Option B and a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral regimen for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa: a model of uptake and adherence to care
<p><b>Introduction</b></p> <p>Initiating and retaining pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) remains a major challenge facing African HIV programs, particularly during the critical final months prior to delivery. In 2013, South Africa implemented its "Option B" PMTCT regimen (three-drug ART throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding, regardless of maternal CD4 count) and introduced once-daily fixed-dose combinations and lifelong ART. Currently, the uptake of Option B and its possible impact on adherence to PMTCT during the critical final months of pregnancy is unclear.</p> <p><b>Materials and Methods </b></p> <p>We prospectively collected visit data from a cohort of adult, HIV-infected, pregnant women between July 2013-August 2014 to estimate three models of adherence to PMTCT during the final 16 weeks immediately preceding delivery. Adherence was defined according to possession of antiretroviral drugs, which was inferred from clinic visit records under varying assumptions in each model. We describe uptake of the PMTCT regimen, gestational age at initiation, and model possible scenarios of adherence through delivery after the implementation of Option B.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Among 138 women enrolled (median (IQR) age 28 years (24-32), median CD4 count 378 cells/mm3), median (IQR) gestational age at initiation was 22 weeks (16-26). Estimates of adherence during the final 16 weeks of pregnancy prior to delivery ranged from 75% (52-89%) under the best case scenario assumptions to 52% (30-75%) under the worst case scenario assumptions. Estimates of the proportion of women who would achieve 80% adherence to PMTCT were <50% across all models.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>Despite the switch to Option B and once-daily dosing, South African women continue to initiate PMTCT late in pregnancy, and estimations of regimen adherence, as modelled using PMTCT visit attendance data, is poor, with <50% of women reaching 80% adherence during final months of pregnancy across all models. Further guideline changes and interventions are needed to achieve vertical transmission goals.</p> <p><b>Trial Registration</b></p> <p>This study was nested within the original RapIT randomized controlled trial which was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration number) NCT01710397 on September 7, 2012 and the South African National Clinical Trials Register DOH-27-0213-4177. The first participant in the RapIT study was enrolled on May 8th, 2013.</p>
The effect of sertraline on depression and associations with persistent depression in survivors of HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis
<p><b>Background</b>: Depression is associated with worse outcomes in persons living with HIV/AIDS and has a prevalence more than three times as high as in the general population. Despite this, there are few randomized studies of antidepressants in HIV-infected Africans.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We enrolled 460 HIV-infected Africans with cryptococcal meningitis into a randomized clinical trial of adjunctive sertraline vs placebo (2015-2017). We screened for clinical depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) at one and three months after meningitis diagnosis and initiation of treatment. We evaluated the relationship between sertraline and depression, as well as associations with persistent depression, at three months.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>At one- and three-months post meningitis diagnosis, 62% (108/174) and 44% (74/169) of all subjects had depression (CES>15), respectively. At three months, sertraline-treated subjects were non-significantly more likely to be depressed than placebo-treated subjects (64% vs 37%, p=0.09) but were significantly less likely to have severe depression (CES>26) (OR 0.335; 95%CI, 0.130-0.865). Of those with depression at one month, sertraline-treated subjects were less likely than placebo-treated subjects to be depressed at three months (p=0.05). Sertraline was the only factor we found significant in predicting persistent depression at three months among those who had depression at one month.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Depression is highly prevalent in HIV-infected persons who have survived cryptococcal meningitis. We found that sertraline is associated with a modest reduction in depression in those with depression at baseline and a significant reduction in severe depression.</p>
A specific IL6 polymorphic genotype modulates the risk of T. cruzi parasitemia while IL18, IL17A and IL1B variant profiles and HIV infection protect against cardiomyopathy in Chagas disease
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) affects approximately six million individuals worldwide. Clinical manifestations are expected to occur due to the parasite persistence and host immune response. Herein we investigated potential associations between IL1B, IL6, IL17A or IL18 polymorphism profiles and cardiomyopathy or T. cruzi parasitemia, as well as the impact of HIV infection on cardiopathy.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> 206 patients and 90 control individuals were analyzed. IL1B rs1143627 T>C, IL6 rs1800795 C>G, IL17A rs2275913 G>A, IL18 rs187238 C>G, and IL18 rs1946518 C>A SNVs were analyzed by real-time PCR and T. cruzi parasitemia by PCR.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data revealed association between a cytokine gene polymorphism and parasitemia never previously reported. The IL6 rs1800795 CG genotype lowered the risk of positive parasitemia (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.24–0.86, P=0.015). Original findings included associations between IL17A rs2275913 AA and IL18 s1946518 AA genotypes with decreased risk of developing cardiomyopathy (OR=0.27, 95% CI 0.07-0.97, P=0.044; and OR=0.35, 95% CI 0.14-0.87, P=0.023, respectively). IL18 rs1946518 AA and IL1B rs1143627 TC were associated with reduced risk for cardiomyopathy severity, including NYHA (New York Heart Association) class≥ 2 (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.68, P=0.009; and OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.24-0.95, P=0.036, respectively) and LVEF (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction) <45% for IL18 rs1946518 AA (OR=0.22, 95% CI 0.05-0.89, P=0.034). A novel, unexpected protective effect of HIV infection against development/progression of cardiomyopathy was identified, based on a lower risk of developing cardiopathy (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.23‐0.96, P=0.039), NYHA class≥2 (OR=0.15, 95% CI 0.06‐0.39, P<0.001) and LVEF<45% (OR=0.03, 95% CI 0.00‐0.25, P=0.001). Digestive involvement was negatively associated with NYHA ≥2 and LVEF<45% (OR=0.20, 95% CI 0.09‐0.47, P<0.001; and OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.09-0.62, P=0.004, respectively).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data support a protective role of IL17A AA, IL18 AA and IL1B TC genotypes against development/progression of cardiomyopathy and a modulatory effect of the IL6 CG genotype on the risk of parasitemia in Chagas disease. Notably, HIV infection was shown to protect against development/progression of cardiopathy, potentially associated with a synergistic effect of HIV and HAART, attenuating a Th1-mediated response in the myocardium. This proposed hypothesis requires confirmation, however, in larger and more comprehensive future studies.</p>
Data from: 1970s and 'Patient 0' HIV-1 genomes illuminate early HIV/AIDS history in North America
The emergence of HIV-1 group M subtype B in North American men who have sex with men was a key turning point in the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Phylogenetic studies have suggested cryptic subtype B circulation in the United States (US) throughout the 1970s1, 2 and an even older presence in the Caribbean2. However, these temporal and geographical inferences, based upon partial HIV-1 genomes that postdate the recognition of AIDS in 1981, remain contentious3, 4 and the earliest movements of the virus within the US are unknown. We serologically screened >2,000 1970s serum samples and developed a highly sensitive approach for recovering viral RNA from degraded archival samples. Here, we report eight coding-complete genomes from US serum samples from 1978–1979—eight of the nine oldest HIV-1 group M genomes to date. This early, full-genome 'snapshot' reveals that the US HIV-1 epidemic exhibited extensive genetic diversity in the 1970s but also provides strong evidence for its emergence from a pre-existing Caribbean epidemic. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses estimate the jump to the US at around 1970 and place the ancestral US virus in New York City with 0.99 posterior probability support, strongly suggesting this was the crucial hub of early US HIV/AIDS diversification. Logistic growth coalescent models reveal epidemic doubling times of 0.86 and 1.12 years for the US and Caribbean, respectively, suggesting rapid early expansion in each location3. Comparisons with more recent data reveal many of these insights to be unattainable without archival, full-genome sequences. We also recovered the HIV-1 genome from the individual known as 'Patient 0' (ref. 5) and found neither biological nor historical evidence that he was the primary case in the US or for subtype B as a whole. We discuss the genesis and persistence of this belief in the light of these evolutionary insights.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.