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Mesoscale variation in fish populations in two small Appalachian streams (fish population data) at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1996

We examined the reach-scale distributions of three fish species to determine which biotic and abiotic factors are influential in the fishes distributions.

Intensive Stream Survey Geomorphology Data from 2010 to 2011 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC

From June 2010 until February 2011, fifty streams were surveyed to determine the physical characteristics of streams in forested, traditional land use, and developed settings. Cross-sectional measurements were taken at 16 cross-sections on each reach. The distance between each cross-section was twice the average active channel width (which was determined prior to the survey). At one to three locations within each surveyed reach, slope was determined by placing a laser level at a location upstream and then measuring the amount of elevation change at the water surface. Between each cross-section, the instream habitat was recorded. Large woody debris was measured where it was found within the surveyed reach of the stream. Only LWD with diameter >10 cm was measured. At a representative riffle within the reach, a Wolman pebble count (100 randomly selected pieces of sediment) was taken.

Mesoscale variation in fish populations in two small Appalachian streams (light data) at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1996

We examined the reach-scale distribution of macroinvertebrates to determine if photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is influential in the distribution of the macroinvertebrates and macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups.

Top-down interactions in streams draining human-modified landscapes at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 1998: Gradient algae data

Spatial and temporal variability of consumer-controlled forces have been the subject of much debate in ecology. To date, most studies considering variability of these top-down interactions have focused on systems minimally impacted by human activities. However, human modification of the landscape is prevalent, and it can significantly affect the strength and outcome of species interactions. The objective of this study was to examine how top-down interactions vary among streams with differing amounts of human disturbance in their watersheds. To address this issue, we experimentally excluded macroconsumers (fishes and crayfishes) from benthic areas of five southern Appalachian streams. These sites represented a range of human watershed development, from 100% to < 50% forested; macroconsumer assemblages at low development sites were dominated by benthic insectivores (Cottus bairdi) and crayfishes, whereas algivores (Campostoma anomalum) and general insectivores (e.g., Notropis leuciodus) were common at more developed sites. Using ceramic tiles as sampling substrates, we compared sediment, algal assemblages (chlorophyll a, AFDM, abundance, biovolume, and composition), and insect assemblages (abundance, biomass, and composition) in macroconsumer exclusion and control areas.

Weather data from Screwdriver Knob, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory

This data set contains measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, PAR density, and rainfall from a site located on Screwdriver Knob,Coweeta Hyrdologic Laboratory, Otto, NC. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and PAR density are measured every 60 seconds with average, minimum, maximum, and discrete top of the hour values saved to the output data table hourly. Wind direction is measured every 60 seconds with the average value saved to the output data table every hour. Hourly rainfall is totalized and a continuous 24 hour rainfall value is calculated. Calculations for dew point, heat index, wind chill, and wind vector are calculated hourly and saved to the output data table.

Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory and Basin Reference GIS data

Coweeta Basin reference GIS data that were either commissioned or produced by the USDA Forest Service Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory or the Coweeta LTER starting in the late 1980s.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data for: Landscape scale variation in the hydrologic niche of California coast redwood

Topoclimatic diversity within forest landscapes can underlie variation in water availability, which may correspond to patterns in habitat suitability of tree species with differing hydrologic niches. However, the trade-off between the collection of data at a fine grain size over large spatial extents has limited comprehensive analyses of landscape scale variation in habitat suitability. We present a fine scale analysis of the roles of topographic gradients in moisture availability, soil water storage, and fog frequency in the spatial pattern of habitat suitability for coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), at 10 m resolution across 34,800 hectares and three landscapes spanning approximately one-third of redwood's latitudinal range. A new 10 m resolution presence-absence map derived from airborne imaging spectroscopy was used to characterize current redwood distributions in three landscapes. Access to belowground moisture was assessed through four measures calculated from a high-resolution LiDAR digital elevation model, soil water storage was mapped from the USDA Soil Survey Geographic Database, and fog frequency was calculated from MODIS cloud cover data. Access to belowground moisture and fog predicted variation in suitability as redwood habitat from 22–75% and predicted redwood presence and absence at 10 m resolution with 63–74% accuracy. Across all three landscapes, redwood density consistently decreased with increasing interpolated height above a stream (IHAS), but the role of other predictors varied among the sites. Our results challenge previous assumptions that redwood habitat suitability within much coarser resolutions (800 m x 800 m) can be described by a single value. The elevated habitat suitability of sites close to streams suggests that these sites should be evaluated for their potential to become microrefugia within landscapes that may become climatically unsuitable for redwoods at a regional scale.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Pressure and Inertial sensing drifter data for glacial hydrology flow path.

Raw data for paper titled 'Topology and pressure distribution reconstruction of an englacial channel' The dataset consists of field measurements conducted on Austre Brøggerbreen, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The dataset consists of: (1)Raw englacial data (6 deployments), 2019; (2) Raw supraglacial data (11 deployments), 2019; (3) Average GNSS drifter path along the supraglacial channel, 2019; (4) GNSS drifter path along the englacial channel, 2020; (5) Englacial river mapped from a satellite image. The experimental work was conducted between 30.06.2019 and 05.07.2019, during the period of the main spring snow melt. All drifters were recovered by hand from the river.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: The roots of the drought: hydrology and water uptake strategies mediate forest-wide demographic response to precipitation

Drought-induced tree mortality is expected to increase globally due to climate change, with profound implications for forest composition, function and global climate feedbacks. How drought is experienced by different species is thought to depend fundamentally on where they access water vertically below ground, but this remains untracked so far due to the difficulty of measuring water availability at depths at which plants access water (few to several tens of meters), the broad temporal scales at which droughts at those depths unfold (seasonal to decadal), and the difficulty in linking these patterns to forest-wide species-specific demographic responses. We address this problem through a new eco-hydrological framework: we used a hydrological model to estimate belowground water availability by depth over a period of two decades that included a multi-year drought. Given this water availability scenario and 20yr long-records of species-specific growth patterns, we inversely estimated the relative depths at which 12 common species in the forest accessed water via a model of water-stress. Finally, we tested whether our estimates of species relative uptake depths predicted mortality in multi-year drought. The hydrological model revealed clear belowground niches as precipitation was decoupled from water availability by depth at multi-annual scale. Species partitioned the hydrological niche by diverging in their uptake depths and so in the same forest stand, different species experienced very different drought patterns, resulting in clear differences in species-specific growth. Finally, species relative water uptake depths predicted species mortality patterns after the multi-year drought. Species that our method ranked as relying on deeper water were the ones that had suffered from greater mortality, as the zone from which they access water took longer to recharge after depletion. This research changes our understanding of how hydrological niches operate for trees with a trade-off between realized growth potential and survival under drought with decadal scale return time. The eco-hydrological framework highlights the importance of species-specific below ground strategies in predicting forest response to drought. Applying this framework more broadly may help us better understand species-coexistence in diverse forest communities and improve mechanistic predictions of forests productivity and compositional change under future climate.

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

Data from: Spatial transitions in tree cover are associated with soil hydrology, but not with grass biomass, fire frequency, or herbivore biomass in Serengeti savannahs

1. Although there is a well-known association between tree cover and soil texture in savannahs, the hydrological drivers of tree cover variation have not been systematically explored, particularly in parallel with factors such as fire, herbivory, and tree-grass interactions. The relationship between hydrological factors and tree cover is important for resolving the relative contribution of bottom-up vs. top-down factors in structuring savannah vegetation. 2. We quantified soil moisture dynamics across eight 1-km transects spanning tree cover gradients from open to woody savannah in Serengeti National Park in Tanzania using soil moisture sensors coupled with dataloggers. We mapped tree cover at two spatial scales through supervised classification of high-resolution satellite imagery. We simultaneously produced water retention curves in open and woody habitats within each transect to compare soil hydrological properties and to convert volumetric water content (θ) from dataloggers to plant-available water over the course of an annual cycle. We also quantified grass biomass at 100 locations per transect, estimated fire frequency from MODIS satellite data, and quantified herbivore occupancy with paired camera traps situated in open and woody habitats within each transect. 3. We found a positive relationship between tree cover and soil moisture drainage rate, and found that open habitats had more negative water potentials than woody habitats for a given value of θ. In contrast, we found no evidence for a consistent relationship between grass biomass or fire frequency and tree cover. We found evidence for higher browser occupancy in woody than open habitats, but no habitat effects on herbivores as a group (browsers plus grazers), suggesting that herbivory is unlikely to be the dominant factor explaining variation in tree cover. 4. Our results suggest that variation in tree cover is partly driven by hydrological (edaphic) factors unrelated to fire, herbivory, tree-grass interactions or mean annual precipitation at these spatial scales in Serengeti. We contrast our findings with previous work attributing tree cover shifts in Serengeti to precipitation gradients.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Data mining-based machine learning methods for improving hydrological data: a case study of salinity field in the Western Arctic Ocean

Salinity variations in Arctic Ocean determine the strength of stratification, ocean circulation, and biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, accurate salinity product is of great significance for our study of the Arctic Ocean. The mean density structure and wind-driven surface circulation of the Arctic Ocean are largely dominated by the anti-cyclonic Beaufort Gyre in the Canadian Basin, along with the Transpolar Drift (Hall et al.,2022). We focus on the salinity in Western Arctic Ocean. Multiple machine learning methods were used to reconstruct annual salinity product in the Western Arctic Ocean temporal for the period 2003-2022.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Oregon hydrologic area agricultural field boundaries and field level and hydrologic unit water use data

The data was developed for the USGS Water-Use and Data Research program grant opportunities G20AS00053 and G21AS00258, combined with fundnig from Oregon Water Resources Department to improve estimates of water use from irrigated lands in Oregon. These data contain attributes of irrigation status, irrigation source type, crop type, irrigation method, assumed irrigation efficiency, irrigation water source, evapotranspiration (ET) data from OpenET, and effective precipitation developed using the USBR ET Demands model. Thee data were aggregated in order to further the development of estimates of applied water at the field-scale.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Data from: Long-term climate and hydrologic regimes shape stream invertebrate community responses to a hurricane disturbance

Disturbances can produce a spectrum of short- and long-term ecological consequences that depend on complex interactions of the characteristics of the event, antecedent environmental conditions, and the intrinsic properties of resistance and resilience of the affected biological system. We used Hurricane Harvey's impact on coastal rivers of Texas to examine the roles of storm-related changes in hydrology and long-term precipitation regime on the response of stream invertebrate communities to hurricane disturbance. We detected declines in richness, diversity, and total abundance following the storm, but responses were strongly tied to direct and indirect effects of long-term aridity and short-term changes in stream hydrology. The amount of rainfall a site received drove both flood duration and flood magnitude across sites, but lower annual rainfall amounts (i.e., aridity) increased flood magnitude and decreased flood duration. Across all sites, flood duration was positively related to the time it took for invertebrate communities to return to a long-term baseline and flood magnitude drove larger invertebrate community responses (i.e., changes in diversity and total abundance). However, invertebrate response per unit flood magnitude was lower in sub-humid sites, potentially because of differences in refuge availability or ecological-evolutionary interactions. Interestingly, sub-humid streams had temporary large peaks in invertebrate total abundance and diversity following recovery period that may be indicative of the larger organic matter pulses expected in these systems because of their comparatively well-developed riparian vegetation. Our findings show that hydrology and long-term precipitation regime predictably affected invertebrate community responses and, thus, our work underscores the important influence of local climate to ecosystem sensitivity to disturbances.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

CONTINUUM HYDROLOGICAL MODEL SAMPLE DATA FOR WRF 24 OCTOBER 2021 (APOLLO MEDICANE CASE)

CONTINUUM HYDROLOGICAL MODEL SAMPLE DATA FOR WRF 24 OCTOBER 2021 (APOLLO MEDICANE CASE). Data are ready for publication on MyDewetra platform

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Data for 'Using 40 years of spot measurements to assess stream temperature response and recovery for different harvesting systems in northern hardwood forests' by Jason Leach, Danielle Hudson and R. Dan Moore. Submitted to Hydrological Processes.

This dataset contains spot stream temperature measurements taken at 5 headwater streams draining forested hillslopes (C31, C32, C33, C34, C35) in the Turkey Lakes Watershed, approximately 65 km northwest of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data for: Substantial intraspecific trait variation across a hydrological gradient in northern Australian fishes

Trait-based models of ecological communities and ecosystem functioning often fail to account for intraspecific variation in functional traits, assuming that intraspecific variability is negligible compared to interspecific variability. However, this assumption remains poorly tested across vertebrate animals where past studies routinely describe species according to mean trait values without explicit consideration of individual trait variability. We assessed nine functional traits for 4,254 individuals belonging to 15 freshwater fish species from 11 families in Northern Australia, including: body elongation, body shape, caudal peduncle throttle, eye size, eye position, gape shape, gape size, mouth position and pectoral fin length. We quantified the extent and geography of intraspecific trait variability and its relationship with riverine hydrologic regimes using a structured sampling design. Using a combination of single- and multi-trait analyses, we demonstrate that intraspecific trait variability can contribute up to 70% of the total trait variability depending on the attribute considered and averaged 31% across all traits. The magnitude of intraspecific trait variability also varied across the hydrological permanency gradient. Fish assemblages in intermittent streams subjected to frequent environmental disturbance had high intraspecific trait variability, most likely due to strong abiotic filters limiting interspecific divergence. Conversely, assemblages in perennial rivers with less harsh environmental filters but with a larger pool of species expressed lower intraspecific trait variability: this is most likely due to stronger resource competition (biotic filter), which promotes specialization of resource use and, consequently, interspecific divergence. Our study provides the first evidence of intraspecific trait variability driven by a disturbance gradient for an animal group and points to the need for additional research into the functional importance of intraspecific variability in animal ecology. A better understanding of the patterns, drivers, and implications of intraspecific trait variability will help guide mechanistic-based predictions of the effects of environmental changes on community assemblage and ecosystem processes.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Stable Isotope Hydrology Data from Gnamma Systems in the Colorado Front Range

This dataset accompanies a submission to Geophysical Research Letters titled "Stable Isotopes Constrain Water Seepage from Gnammas into Bare Granitic Bedrock".

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Data to reproduce the results presented in Lake et al. 2022. Hydrological processes, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14726 ("Using particle size distributions to fingerprint suspended sediment sources – evaluation at laboratory and catchment scales")

This repository contains data on particle size distribution data obtained from the laboratory and field experiments as described in Lake et al., 2022.  The data contains the input files as needed for the modelling: - In the excel files the particle size distribution data for the target SS - In the text file the particle size distribution data from the sources.   Furthermore, the data contains the resulting output files.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2017View details →

Data for "Multifractal comparison of reflectivity and polarimetric rainfall data from C- and X-band radars and respective hydrological responses of a complex catchment model"

The data files arranged here correspond to the data used in the paper: “Multifractal comparison of reflectivity and polarimetric rainfall data from C- and X-band radars and respective hydrological responses of a complex catchment model”, submitted to Water. The data organized as follows: <ul> <li>Data_type_20150912_time_steps.mat: the rainfall data for 3 different products of the X-band radar (FIR filter, a=200, b=1.6; FIR filter, a=150, b=1.3; simple filter, a=150, b=1.3) for the event of 12-13 September 2015, over an area of 64 km x 64 km.</li> <li>Data_type_Event_time_steps.mat: X-band radar data (FIR filter, a=150, b=1.3) for the events of 16 September 2015 and 5-6 October 2015, over an area of 64 km x 64 km.</li> <li>Sub-catchment_name_Data_type_Event.txt: the rainfall series for each of 26 sub-catchments of the model, for 3 different types of rainfall data (C-band, X-band and rain gauges) for the events of 12-13 September 2015, 16 September 2015 and 5-6 October 2015.</li> <li>X-band_Pixels_Event.txt: the rainfall series for all 6 X-band radar pixels corresponding to the 6 rain gauges for the 3 studied events (12-13 September 2015, 16 September 2015, and 5-6 October 2015).</li> <li>X-Band_Optim 20150916_Measurement_point_name.txt: flow simulated at each of the 4 measurement points with X-band data for the 16 September 2015 event, with the implementation of the tool mimicking the regulation optimization.</li> <li>Data_type_Event_Measurement_point_name.txt: flow simulated at each of the 4 measurement points with 3 different types of rainfall data (C-band, X-band and rain gauges) for the 3 studied events (12-13 September 2015, 16 September 2015, and 5-6 October 2015), without the implementation of the tool mimicking the regulation optimization.</li> </ul> The original C-band radar data remains property of Météo-France and was provided to the authors for this research study, without any possibility of data disclosure. The details on how the rainfall series were generated over each sub-catchment could be found in the paper. The authors greatly acknowledge partial financial supports of the Chair “Hydrology for resilient cities” endowed by Veolia, and of the Department of Science and Technology of the Brazilian Army. The authors are thankful to M Bernard Urban (Météo-France) for providing access to the C-band radar data and documentation in the framework of the INTERREG NWE RainGain project.