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Fig. 9 in Revision of the genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884 (Julida, Diplopoda) in Portugal, with description of six new species

Fig. 9. Ommatoiulus denticulatus sp. nov. Holotype ♂. A. Head and anteriormost body-rings, lateral view. B. Telson, lateral view. C. Right gonopod, lateral view. D. Right gonopod, mesal view. E. Right gonopod, posterior view. F. Right gonopod, postero-lateral view.

Fig. 8 in Revision of the genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884 (Julida, Diplopoda) in Portugal, with description of six new species

Fig. 8. Ommatoiulus camurus sp. nov. Holotype ♂, gonopods. A. Right promerite, posterior view. B–D. Right posterior gonopod: B. Mesal view. C. Posterior view. D. Lateral view.

Fig. 25. First leg pair. A in Revision of the genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884 (Julida, Diplopoda) in Portugal, with description of six new species

Fig. 25. First leg pair. A. Ommatoiulus alacygni sp. nov. B. O. andalusius (Attems, 1927). C. O. camurus sp. nov. D. O. denticulatus sp. nov. E. O. litoralis sp. nov. F. O. porathi (Verhoeff, 1893). G. O. staglae sp. nov.. H. O. stellaris sp. nov. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 18 in Revision of the genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884 (Julida, Diplopoda) in Portugal, with description of six new species

Fig. 18. Ommatoiulus porathi (Verhoeff, 1893). A–B. Holotype ♂, Verhoeff's slide preparation 1190, (ZMB). A. Right promerite, posterior view. B. Posterior gonopods. C–D. ♂ from Viseu, (NHMW 8736). C. Head and anterior rings, lateral view. D. Gonopods, posterior view.

Fig. 18 in A new species of Syrioiulus Verhoeff, 1914 from Iran, with remarks on the taxonomy of the genus (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)

Fig. 18. Localities of Syrioiulus spp. in Iran. Ring: S. astrabadensis; cross: S. continentalis; square: S. discolor; pentagon: S. incarnatus; star: S. lohmanderi sp. nov.; filled circle: S. persicus; triangle: S. zarudnyi.

Figs 1-4 in A new species of Syrioiulus Verhoeff, 1914 from Iran, with remarks on the taxonomy of the genus (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)

Figs 1-4. Syrioiulus lohmanderi sp. nov., overall appearance of male holotype (1, 2, 4) and female paratype (3), in MHNG. (1) Head and body rings 1-5. (2) Mid-body rings. (3) Head and collum. (4) Telson. Photos not to scale.

Fig. 17 in A new species of Syrioiulus Verhoeff, 1914 from Iran, with remarks on the taxonomy of the genus (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)

Fig. 17. Syrioiulus astrabadensis (Lohmander, 1932a), paratype male, in GNM, distal parts of right opisthomere in mesal view. Abbreviations: cl = caudomesal lamella; ff = central filiform process; m = mesomeral process; s = solenomere. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.

Figs 11-14 in A new species of Syrioiulus Verhoeff, 1914 from Iran, with remarks on the taxonomy of the genus (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)

Figs 11-14. Syrioiulus lohmanderi sp. nov., gonopods of male holotype, in MHNG. (11) Left promere, caudal view. (12) Right pair of gonopods, mesal view. (13) Left opisthomere, caudal, slightly lateral view. (14) Distal parts of left opisthomere, lateral view. Abbreviations: cl = caudomesal lamella, ff = central filiform process, fp = fan-like process; m = mesomeral process; P = promere; s = solenomere; sp = shield-like process. Scale bar of Figs 11-13: 0.1 mm; Figs 14-15: 0.05 mm; Fig. 16: 0.01 mm.

Fig. 12 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 12. Bayesian inference tree based on concatenated 16S rRNA + 28S rRNA dataset from Enghoff et al. (2013) and Makarov et al. (2017). The single species with newly obtained sequences is shown in red.

Fig. 10 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 10. Left gonopods of species of Stygiiulus stat. nov., mesal views. A. S. ausugi (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov.,topotype ♂ (NHMD). B. S. illyricus (Verhoeff, 1929) comb. nov., redrawn from Verhoeff (1929). C. S. insularis (Strasser, 1938) comb. nov., redrawn from Antić et al. (2018). D. S. maximus (Verhoeff, 1929) comb. nov., redrawn from Verhoeff (1930). E. S. seewaldi (Strasser, 1967) comb. nov., redrawn and modified from Strasser (1967). F. S. tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov., ♂ from Grotta [Cave] del Subiolo (NHMD). Abbreviations: do = distal outgrowth of velum. Drawn not to scale.

Fig. 9 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 9. Stygiiulus rotundatus (Strasser, 1962) comb. et stat. nov., paralectotype ♂ (A) (MHNG), ♂ from Grotta [cave] di Collagù (B) (MHNG) and ♂ (C–D) and ♀ (E) from La Bora Cave (NHMD). A. Leg-pair 1, oral view. B. Penis, oral/caudal view. C. Right gonopods, mesal view (inverted). D. Left mesomere, oral view. E. Left vulva, caudal, somewhat mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; la = lateral ampulla; lt = lateral tube; m = mesomere; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum; p = promere; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; v = velum. Scale bars: A = 0.4 mm; B = 0.2 mm; C–E = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 7 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 7. Stygiiulus montellensis (Verhoeff, 1930) comb. nov., ♂ from Grotta [cave] Crede-a (NHMD). A. Right gonopods, mesal view. B. Right mesomere, oral view. C. Left vulva, caudal, slightly mesal view. Abbreviations: la = lateral ampulla; lt = lateral tube; m = mesomere; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 5 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 5. Stygiiulus gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ paralectotype (A–B) (MHNG), topotype ♂ (C) (NHMD) and topotype ♀ (D) (NHMD). A. Leg-pair 1, oral view. B. Penis, oral/caudal view. C. Left gonopods, mesal view. D. Left vulva, caudal, somewhat mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; lt = lateral tube; m = mesomere; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum; p = promere; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; v = velum. Scale bars: A, C–D = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 6. Stygiiulus gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ from Grotta [cave] della Vecchia Diga (NHMD). A. Right promere, caudal view. B. Right mesomere, oral view. C. Distal part of left opisthomere, mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; el = external lobe; il = internal lobe; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; v = velum. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 2 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 2. Stygiiulus fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ from from Foran di Landri Cave (IBER). A. Gnathochilarium, ventral view. B. Gnathal lobe of left mandible, ventral view. C. Left promere, caudal view. D. Left mesomere, oral view. E. Distal part of left opisthomere, mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; el = external lobe; et = external tooth; il = internal lobe; it = internal tooth; mp = mollar plate; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; pl = pectinate lamellae; pm = promentum; sf = setiform filaments; v = velum. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm; C–D = 0.05 mm; E = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 4 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 4. Stygiiulus gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ (A–C, E, G) from Grotta [cave] della Vecchia Diga, ♂ topotype (D, H) and ♀ topotype (F, I) (NHMD). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Anterior part of body, lateral view. C. Labrum, frontal view. D. Labrum, dorsal view. E. Pleurotergum 7, lateral view. F. Mid-body rings, lateral view. G. Telson, lateral view. H. Posterior node of hypopharynx, frontoventral view. I. Lobe of body ring 3, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–G, I = 0.5 mm; H = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 1. Stygiiulus fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂♂ (A–H) and ♀ (I) from Foran di Landri Cave (IZB). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Anterior part of body, lateral view. C. Labrum, frontodorsal view. D. Labrum, dorsal view. E. Pleurotergum 7, lateral view. F. Mid-body rings, lateral view. G. Telson, lateral view. H. Posterior node of hypopharynx, fronto-ventral view. I. Lobe of body ring 3, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–G, I = 0.5 mm; H = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 11 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 11. Left vulvae of species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. (A–D) and representatives of (other) Julini/ Leptoiulini (E) and Typhloiulini/blind Julini/Leptoiulini in caudal, somewhat mesal views. A. S. ausugi (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov., ♀ from Grotta [Cave] del Calgeron (NHMD). B. S. illyricus (Verhoef, 1929) comb. nov., ♀ from Rabakova Cave (IZB). C. S. insularis (Strasser, 1938) comb. nov., topotype ♀ (CBSS). D. S. tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov., ♀ from Grotta [Cave] del Subiolo (NHMD). E. Leptoiulus cf. trilineatus (C.L. Koch, 1847), ♀ from Belasitsa Mtn, Bulgaria. F. Serboiulus spelaeophilus Gulička, 1967, ♀ from Vodni Pech Cave (NMNHS). G. Typhloiulus (Inversotyphlus) lobifer Attems, 1951, ♀ from Minjera-Bauxite Mine (IBER). H. Typhloiulus (s. str.) strictus (Latzel, 1882), ♀ from Kunino (IBER). Abbreviations: at = anterior tube; la = lateral ampulla; lt = lateral tube; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum; pa = posterior ampulla; pt = posterior tube. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 8 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 8. Stygiiulus rotundatus (Strasser, 1962) comb. et stat. nov., ♀ (A) and ♂ (B–E) from La Bora Cave (NHMD). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Anterior part of body, lateral, slightly ventral view. C. Pleurotergum 7, lateral view. D. Mid-body rings, lateral view. E. Telson, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 3 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 3. Stygiiulus fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., holotype ♂ (A, B) (MHNG), ♂ (C) (IZB) and ♀ (D) (IBER) from Foran di Landri Cave. A. Leg-pair 1, caudal view. B. Penis, oral/caudal view. C. Left gonopods, mesal view. D. Left vulva, caudal, somewhat mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; bs = basal spine; fc = flagellum channel; lt = lateral tube; m = mesomere; mt = median tube; op = operculum; p = promere; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; v = velum. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.