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Figure 7 in A new polypterid fish: Polypterus faraou sp. nov. (Cladistia, Polypteridae) from the Late Miocene, Toros-Menalla, Chad

Figure 7. Photograph and drawing of the operculum, cleithrum and postcleithrum of TM90-01-39, holotype of Polypterus faraou sp. nov., in lateral view.

Figure 8 in A new polypterid fish: Polypterus faraou sp. nov. (Cladistia, Polypteridae) from the Late Miocene, Toros-Menalla, Chad

Figure 8. Photograph and drawing of pinnules 1–4 in place with the surrounding scales of TM90-01-39, holotype of Polypterus faraou sp. nov., in dorsal view.

Figure 6 in A new polypterid fish: Polypterus faraou sp. nov. (Cladistia, Polypteridae) from the Late Miocene, Toros-Menalla, Chad

Figure 6. Photograph and drawing of the skull and pectoral girdle of TM90-01-39, holotype of Polypterus faraou sp. nov., in ventral view.

Figure 5 in A new polypterid fish: Polypterus faraou sp. nov. (Cladistia, Polypteridae) from the Late Miocene, Toros-Menalla, Chad

Figure 5. Photograph and drawing of the opercular series and cheek of TM90-01-39, holotype of Polypterus faraou sp. nov., in laterodorsal view.

Figure 10 in A new polypterid fish: Polypterus faraou sp. nov. (Cladistia, Polypteridae) from the Late Miocene, Toros-Menalla, Chad

Figure 10. The Recent polypterid species and Polypterus faraou sp. nov. (A) Position of the species in the anatomically based clusters of species, as defined by Poll, P. teugelsi not included (see Britz, 2004, for discussion), and (B) distribution in the African hydrographical basins; data from FishBase (Froese & Pauly, 2005) and map of the ichthyofaunic regions of Africa from Roberts (1975).

Figure 4 in A new polypterid fish: Polypterus faraou sp. nov. (Cladistia, Polypteridae) from the Late Miocene, Toros-Menalla, Chad

Figure 4. Photograph and drawing of the snout of TM90-01-39, holotype of Polypterus faraou sp. nov., in anterolateral dorsal view.

Figure 2 in A new polypterid fish: Polypterus faraou sp. nov. (Cladistia, Polypteridae) from the Late Miocene, Toros-Menalla, Chad

Figure 2. Measurements in specimen TM90-01-39, holotype of Polypterus faraou sp. nov., and ratios used in the text.

Figure 1 in A new polypterid fish: Polypterus faraou sp. nov. (Cladistia, Polypteridae) from the Late Miocene, Toros-Menalla, Chad

Figure 1. Photograph of specimen TM90-01-39, holotype of Polypterus faraou sp. nov., in A, dorsal, B, left lateral, and C, ventral views.

Figure 3 in A new polypterid fish: Polypterus faraou sp. nov. (Cladistia, Polypteridae) from the Late Miocene, Toros-Menalla, Chad

Figure 3. Photograph and drawing of the skull of TM90-01-39, holotype of Polypterus faraou sp. nov., in dorsal view.

FIG. 6. — A in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 6. — A, Palaeoglandina aquensis (Matheron, 1843) from Aix (Burdigalian, Aix Basin), MHNM 6034.9314.1; B, P. galloprovincialis (Matheron, 1843) from Peyrolles (Tortonian, Durance Basin), MHNM 6034.9317.1; C1, C2, P. montenati Truc, 1971 from Quibas (Calabrian, Quibas site), MVHN-180222GM05; D1, D2, P. aquensis var. obtusa (Depéret, 1890), UCBL-FSL 148027; E1, E2, P. gracilis (Zieten, 1832), NHMW 2013/0572/0040; F1, F2, P. taurinensis (Sacco, 1886), BS.093.02.001; G, P. turolensis n. sp., MAP-8420, detail of protoconch; H, P. gracilis (Zieten, 1832), NHMW 2013/0572/0040, detail of protoconch; I, P. taurinensis (Sacco, 1886), BS.093.02.001, detail of protoconch;J, P. montenati Truc,1971 from Quibas,MVHN-180222GM05,detail of protoconch. Scale bars: A-F,10 mm; G,1 mm; H-J, 2 mm.

FIG. 2. — A in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 2. — A, Shell measurements, following Solem & Climo (1985), and arrangement of landmarks (large circles) and semi-landmarks (small dots). The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of points for each of the two semi-landmark curves. See text for abbreviations. B, Protoconch measurements, following Verduin (1977). Abbreviations: N, nucleus; P/T boundary, protoconch/teleoconch boundary. Scale bar: A, 5 mm; B, 6 mm.

FIG. 4. — A, Palaeoglandina turolensis n in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 4. — A, Palaeoglandina turolensis n. sp. from La Gloria 4 (Ruscinian, Teruel Basin): A1-A3, MAP-8405, holotype; B, MAP-8406, paratype; C, MAP-8407, paratype; D, MAP-8408, paratype; E, MAP-8409, paratype; F, MAP-8410, paratype; G, MAP-8411, paratype; H, MAP-8412, paratype; I, MAP-8413, paratype; J, MAP-8414, paratype; K, MAP-8415; L, MAP-8416; M, MAP-8417; N, MAP-8418; O, MAP-8419. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 3 in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 3. — Results of the morphometric analyses: A, principal components analysis of the Procrustes shape coordinates; shown are the first three axes explaining 88.5% of the total variance; B, thin-plate spline deformation grid illustrating the extreme values for each principal component; deformations were magnified to a factor of 2 to highlight variation of distinct traits; C, reconstructed mean shapes for all material as well as across specimens for each locality.

FIG. 5. — A-D, O, Palaeoglandina turolensis n in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 5. — A-D, O, Palaeoglandina turolensis n. sp. from Orrios 1 (Ruscinian, Teruel Basin): A, O, MAP-8421; B, MAP-8422; C, MAP-8423; D, MAP-8424; E-L, N, P. turolensis n. sp. from Los Aljezares (Turolian, Teruel Basin): E, 040822JA01; F, N, 040822JA02; G, MGM-3723; H, MNCNI-28900-D; I, MNCNI-28900-A; J, MGM-118M; K, MNCNI-28900-E; L, MNCNI-11300-E; M, P. turolensis n. sp. from La Gloria 4, MAP-8405. Scale bars: A-J, 10 mm; M-O, 6 mm.

FIG. 1 in Shifting shell morphology in a Late Miocene-Pliocene land snail species lineage (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Spiraxidae), with the description of a new species

FIG. 1. — Geographical and geological overview of the studied sites in the Teruel Basin: A, schematic geological map of the Teruel Basin region indicating the areas in which the studied sites are located (modified after Ezquerro et al. 2022a); B, C, detailed locations of the Los Aljezares (AL), La Gloria 4 (LG4) and Orrios 1 (OR1) sites. Underlying images © Google Maps 2023, CNES/Airbus, Maxar Technologies.

Fig. 14 in Late Miocene bovids from Şerefköy-2 (SW Turkey) and their position within the sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province

Fig. 14. The bovid artiodactyl cf. Sinotragus from Şerefköy-2 (Turkey), Late Turolian (Late Miocene). A. Left mandibular ramus (MYŞE PV2553) in labial (A 1) and lingual (A 2) views. B. Right mandibular body MYŞE PV-2567) in occlusal view. C. Left upper P2–P3 (MYŞE PV-1409) in occlusal view.

Fig. 10 in Late Miocene bovids from Şerefköy-2 (SW Turkey) and their position within the sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province

Fig. 10. The bovid artiodactyl Skoufotragus cf. Sk. schlosseri (Andree, 1926) from Şerefköy-2 (Turkey), Late Turolian (Late Miocene). A. Palate (MYŞE PV-1309) in occlusal view. B. Left upper tooth row P2–M3 (MYŞE PV-1312) in buccal view. C. Right upper tooth row M1–M3 (MYŞE PV-1622) in occlusal view. D. Right mandibular ramus with p2–m3 (MYŞE PV-1510) in labial view. E. Left mandibular ramus with p2–m3 (MYŞE PV-1544) in occlusal view. F. Right mandibular ramus with p2–m3 (MYŞE PV-1510) in occlusal view.

Fig. 8 in Late Miocene bovids from Şerefköy-2 (SW Turkey) and their position within the sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province

Fig. 8. The bovid artiodactyl Skoufotragus cf. Sk. schlosseri (Andree, 1926) from Şerefköy-2 (Turkey), Late Turolian (Late Miocene). Partial skull (MYŞE PV-547) in anterior (A), posterior (B), lateral (C), and ventral (D) views.

Fig. 13 in Late Miocene bovids from Şerefköy-2 (SW Turkey) and their position within the sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province

Fig. 13. The bovid artiodactyl Urmiatherium rugosifrons (Sickenberg, 1932) from Şerefköy-2 (Turkey), Late Turolian (Late Miocene). A. Juvenile frontlet (MYŞE PV-2504) in anterior view. B. Frontlet (MYŞE PV-2503) in anterior view. C. Opisthocranium (MYŞE PV-1182) in ventral view. D. Axis + 3rd cervical vertebra (MYŞE PV-2599) in dorsal view.

Fig. 4 in Late Miocene bovids from Şerefköy-2 (SW Turkey) and their position within the sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province

Fig. 4. The bovid artiodactyl Palaeoryx pallasi (Wagner, 1848) from Şerefköy-2 (Turkey), Late Turolian (Late Miocene). A. Left mandible (MYŞE PV1599) in occlusal view. B. Right mandible (MYŞE PV-2574) in lingual view. C. Right upper tooth row (MYŞE PV-2573) in occlusal view.