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Fig. 6 in Late Ordovician trilobites from the Xiazhen Formation in Zhuzhai, Jiangxi Province, China

Fig. 6. Late Ordovician trilobites from Xiazhen Formation near Zhuzhai, Yushan County, China. A–E. Meitanillaenus? sp. A. NIGP−151995, cranidium from locality 3; dorsal (A1) and anterior (A2) views. B. NIGP−151996, cranidium from locality 3; dorsal (B1) and lateral (B2) views. C. NIGP−151997, cranidium from locality 3, dorsal view. D. NIGP−151998, cranidium from locality 3, dorsal view. E. NIGP−151999, cranidium from locality 3, dorsal view. F. Amphilichas sp., NIGP−152000, cranidium from locality 3; dorsal (F1), oblique posterior (F2), anterior (F3), and lateral (F4) views. G. Eokosovopeltis sp., NIGP−152001, pygidium from locality 2, dorsal view. H. Eokosovopeltis cf. currajongensis (Edgecombe and Webby, 2007), NIGP− 152002, pygidium from a limestone layer overlying the mudstone at locality 1, dorsal view. I. Styginidae indet. sp. B, NIGP−152003, hypostome from locality 3, ventral view. J. Styginidae indet. sp. A, NIGP−152004, incomplete thoraco−pygidium with four thoracic segments from locality 3, dorsal view. K, M. Asaphidae indet. K. NIGP−152005, free cheek from locality 2, dorsal view. M. NIGP−152006, pygidium from locality 3, dorsal view. L. Nileus sp., NIGP−152007, articulated specimen minus free cheeks from locality 2; posterior (L1), anterior (L2), lateral (L3), and dorsal (L4) views. Scale bars 2.5 mm, except E, F, I 1 mm; G, H, K 5 mm.

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Fig. 3 in Late Ordovician trilobites from the Xiazhen Formation in Zhuzhai, Jiangxi Province, China

Fig. 3. Reconstruction of new species described from the Late Ordovician Xiazhen Formation; all drawings are not to scale. A. Remopleurides xiazhenensis sp. nov., dorsal view of exoskeleton (A1), and dorsal (A2) and ventral (A3) view of thoracic segments; exact extent of thoracic axial spine in A1 is not known and articulating half ring is reconstructed as if the anterior margin is broadly notched (see text for details). B. Hibbertia aodiensis sp. nov., dorsal view of exoskeleton; pits and caeca are omitted. C. Vietnamia yushanensis sp. nov., dorsal view of exoskeleton (C1) and lateral view of thoracic segments (C2); granules (see Fig. 9N) are omitted. D. Ceraurinus zhuzhaiensis sp. nov., dorsal view of exoskeleton; granules (see Fig. 10B1, B3) are omitted. E. Pliomerina tashanensis sp. nov., dorsal view of cranidium.

Fig. 2. The marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica Fritsch, 1908 in A revision of the Late Ordovician marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica from Czech Republic

Fig. 2. The marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica Fritsch, 1908 from the Upper Ordovician (Sandbian) of Bohemia (Ostrý Hill and Veselá, Beroun District). A. NML 32991. B. NML 32992. C. NML 32993. D. NML 32994a. E. NML 32994b. F. NML 32995. G. NML 32996. H. NML 32997. I. NML 33000. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 7. A in A revision of the Late Ordovician marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica from Czech Republic

Fig. 7. A new morphological reconstruction of the marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica Fritsch, 1908 in dorsal view. Scale bar 10 mm.

Fig. 1 in A revision of the Late Ordovician marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica from Czech Republic

Fig. 1. Stratigraphic section of the Letná Formation at Ostrý Hill. Abbreviations: md, mudstone; slt, siltstone; fsd, fine sandstone; msd, medium sandstone.

Fig. 4 in A revision of the Late Ordovician marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica from Czech Republic

Fig. 4. Diagrammatic representations of character and character states. A. The cephalic morphology of the marrellids Furca (A1) and Marrella (A2). B. Morphological variation of the dorsal shield of the acercostracans Xylokorys (B1) and Vachonisia (B2). C. Comparison of the rounded endopod endites of Marrella (C1: arrowed) and the spinose endites of Olenoides (C2). Abbreviations: a, anterolateral spines; m, mediolateral spines; p, posterolateral spines; mr, median ridge.

Fig. 3. The marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica Fritsch, 1908 in A revision of the Late Ordovician marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica from Czech Republic

Fig. 3. The marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica Fritsch, 1908 from the Upper Ordovician (Sandbian) of Bohemia (Ostrý Hill and Veselá, Beroun District). A. NML 32998 (A1) and detailed view (A2). B. NML 33001a. C. NML 33001b. D. NML 40881. E. NML CD784−9143a. F. NML CD784−9143b. G. NML CD748−7845b. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 6. The marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica Fritsch, 1908 in A revision of the Late Ordovician marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica from Czech Republic

Fig. 6. The marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica Fritsch, 1908 from the Upper Ordovician (Sandbian) of Bohemia (Ostrý Hill and Veselá, Beroun District). A. NML 40865. B. NML 40861. C. NML 40875. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 8 in A revision of the Late Ordovician marrellomorph arthropod Furca bohemica from Czech Republic

Fig. 8. Phylogeny of marrellomorph arthropods. Single MPT (most parsimonious tree) (CI = 0.941; RI = 0.941). Tree length is 17 steps with equally weighted characters. With implied weighting tree length equals 0.1667 (k = 5), 0.25 (k = 3) and 0.50 (k = 1). Numbers on the left of the branches indicate support values for jackknifing, and those in brackets are for symmetric resampling. Numbers on the right of branches indicate Bremer support values. Outgroup taxa are represented by trilobite Olenoides serratus.

Fig. 5 in A new genus of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian pentameride brachiopods and its phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 5. Transverse serial sections of two paratype specimens of Parastrophina portentosa (Nikitin and Popov in Nikitin et al. 1996), Upper Ordovician, Dulankara Regional Stage, sample F−1014, Sortan−Manai, northern Betpak−Dala desert, Central Kazakhstan. A. NMW 98.28G.383, juvenile specimen. B. NMW 98.28G.377. Numbers indicate distances from apex.

Fig. 3 in A new genus of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian pentameride brachiopods and its phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 3. Sketches of selected serial sections of Protanastrophia repanda gen. et sp. nov. ROM 57738, paratype, Attawapiskat Formation, locality AK2c, Akimiski Island, Nunavut, Canada. Numbers denote distance from apex.

Fig. 6 in A new genus of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian pentameride brachiopods and its phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 6. Stratigraphic ranges and inferred phylogenetic relationships of 19 parastrophinid species and other selected syntrophiidine species based on one of six equally parsimonious cladograms (A) and emended topography of the Parastrophina cluster shown in strict consensus tree (B). Numbered nodes are supported by the character states listed in Appendix 3.

Fig. 2 in A new genus of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian pentameride brachiopods and its phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 2. Shell measurements of Protanastrophia repanda gen. et sp. nov. Sample AK2c, Attawapiskat Formation, Akimiski Island, Hudson Bay region, Nunavut, Canada.

Fig. 4 in A new genus of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian pentameride brachiopods and its phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 4. Pentameride brachiopod Parastrophina portentosa (Nikitin and Popov in Nikitin et al. 1996), Upper Ordovician, Dulankara Regional Stage, sample F−1014, Sortan−Manai, northern Betpak−Dala desert, Central Kazakhstan. A. NMW 98.28G.351, paratype, dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), anterior (A3), and lateral (A4) views of asymmetrical shell. B. NMW 98.28G.352, paratype, dorsal (B1), ventral (B2), lateral (B3), and anterior (B4) views. C. NMW 98.28G.353, paratype, lateral (C1) and anterior (C2) views of smooth, asymmetrical shell. D. NMW 98.28G.354, paratype, dorsal (D1), ventral (D2), lateral (D3), and anterior (D4) views of asymmetrical, juvenile shell.

Fig. 1 in A new genus of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian pentameride brachiopods and its phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 1. Pentameride brachiopod Protanastrophia repanda gen. et sp. nov.; Attawapiskat Formation, uppermost Telychian, Akimiski Island, Hudson Bay region, Nunavut, Canada. A. ROM 57734, holotype, dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), lateral (A3), posterior (A4), and anterior (A5) views. B. ROM 57735, paratype, dorsal (B1), ventral (B2), lateral (B3), posterior (B4), and anterior (B5) views of strongly asymmetrical, anteriorly costate shell. C. ROM 57736, paratype, dorsal (C1), ventral (C2), lateral (C3), posterior (C4), and anterior (C5) views of asymmetrical shell without costae. D. ROM 57737, paratype, dorsal (D1), ventral (D2), lateral (D3), posterior (D4), and anterior (D5) views of relatively small, largely symmetrical shell. E. ROM 57738, paratype, micrograph of transverse serial section, showing low ventral median septum, broad V−shaped spondylium, smooth alate plates, and discrete inner hinge plates, 0.7 mm from apex (refer to Fig. 3).

Fig. 14 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 14. Trigonorhynchiid brachiopod Plectothyrella crassicostis (Dalman, 1828) from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian ( Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia. A. Ventral valve, LDM G 328-15, Blīdene-5, depth 816.6 m, exterior view (A1), interior view (A2) and the detail of the posterior part of the same (A3). B. Incomplete dorsal valve, GIT 542-16, Riekstini-15, 854.8 m, dorsal interior (B1), posterior (B2), and posteriorly tilted (B3) views of cruralium. C. Ventral valve, LDM G 328-149, Mežmali-16, depth 914.9 m, view of pedicle opening. D. Shell, LDM G 328-135, Ēdole-61, 848.1 m, lateral (D1) and dorsal (D2) views. E. Shells, GIT 542-3/1–3, Adze-6, 838.5 m, posterior views of shells in live position and →

Fig. 15 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 15. Meristellid brachiopods of the genus Hindella from Porkuni Regional Stage, East Baltic, Kuldiga Formation, western Latvia (A–C, E, F) and Ärina Formation, northern Estonia (D). A, E, F. Hindella cf. crassa incipiens (Williams, 1951). A. Ventral valve, GIT 542-273, Aispute-41, depth 991.0 m, exterior (A 1), lateral (A 2), posterior (A 3), and anterior (A 4) views. E. Incomplete dorsal valve, GIT 542-278, Aispute-41, 991.0 m, interior view. F. Incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542-35, Stirnas-18, 907.5 m, interior view. B, C. Hindella sp. B. Ventral valve, GIT 542-34, Stirnas-18, 908.2 m, lateral (B 1) and exterior B 2) views. C. The bedding plane with brachiopods, including Hindella sp., GIT 542-4 (figured in Kaljo et al. 2008), Aispute-41, 998.25 m. D. Hindella cf. cassidea (Dalman, 1828), shell, GIT 542-267, erratics from the Kõnnu village, dorsal (D ) and posterior (D ) views. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 12 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 12. Heterorthid brachiopod Heterorthina? sp. from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia. Shell, LDM 328-75, Blīdene-5, depth 819.3 m, ventral (A), anterior (B), posterior (C), dorsal (D), and lateral (F) views, and detail of external ornament (E) of the ventral valve showing the growth lines and aditicules. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 13 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 13. Draboviid brachiopods of the genus Kinnella from the East Baltic, Upper Ordovician. A, C. Kinnella cf. kielanae (Temple, 1965) from Kuldiga Formation, Porkuni Regional Stage, western Latvia. A. Shell, GIT 542-229, Riekstini-15, depth 859.9 m, ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), lateral (A3), and posterior (A4) views. C. Ventral valve, GIT 542-226, Aispute-41, 1001.15 m, lateral (C1) and ventral (C2) views. B, D. Kinnella sp. B. Shell with shifted valves, LDM 328-43, Kuili Formation, Pirgu Regional Stage, western Latvia, Blīdene-5, 822.6 m, view of dorsal exterior and ventral interarea (B1) and ventral exterior (B2). D. Shell, GIT 509-71, Tudulinna? Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage (Katian), central Estonia, Lelle (102), 147.96–148.0 m, ventral D1) and lateral (D2) views. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 8 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 8. Plectambonitoid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia. A. Leangella sp., shell, GIT 542-222, Riekstini-15, depth 859.3 m, ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), and lateral (A3) views. B. Eoplectodonta sp., incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542-21, Stirnas-18, 911.9 m, ventral view.