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133 results for “MOOSE”
Microbial associations and spatial proximity predict North American moose (Alces alces) gastrointestinal community composition
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Monitoring moose in Montana using hunter observations to count moose by district
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Data from: Nutrient release from moose bioturbation in aquatic ecosystems
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Coprophagy in moose
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Locations of GPS-collared moose and geographic correlates, as well as for random points within study area
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Seasonal release from competition explains partial migration in European moose
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Data from: Retrospective analyses to understand how wolf territory density impacts moose quotas, harvest and observation rate
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Camera trap data used for assessment of movement patterns by injured moose
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Moose activity and nitrogen cycling along an elevation gradient on the snow removal plots at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest.
The response of moose activity and three tree species to soil freezing were measured through experimental manipulation (shoveling) of snow to induce soil freezing. In addition, mechanical clipping of plants to simulate moose browsing and the addition of 15N labeled moose feces were included to determine the biogeochemical and plant response. N dynamics were evaluated using soil tension lysimeters, soil sampling, tracing movement of moose fecal N into soil, plant and microbial pools and leaching loss. Both total N and 15N were measured in all pools and fluxes. Fluxes include N mineralization and nitrification rates. Rate of decomposition and fate was also followed for moose feces. This data set includes measurents from 2003 to 2006. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Effects of different moose browsing pressures on the succession of plant communities within the herbaceous and saplings layers of a boreal forest
<p>The present data is constituted of four different excel files: browsing data, herbs layer data, saplings layer data and latin names data.</p> <p>1) Browsing data contains the number of browsed and unbrowsed twigs from all ligneous plants in the samplings plots along time.</p> <p>2) Herbs layer data contains the cumulated cover of all plants species along 14 three meters long and one meter high transcects within each experimental units.</p> <p>3) Saplings layer data contains the number of saplings from each species within each experimental units (280 m2).</p> <p>4) Latin names data contains the latin names corresponding to the different species codes found within the herbs and saplings data.</p> <p>All data sets contain his metadata sheet.</p>
Data from: The nutritional balancing act of a large herbivore: an experiment with captive moose (Alces alces L)
The nutrient balancing hypothesis proposes that, when sufficient food is available, the primary goal of animal diet selection is to obtain a nutritionally balanced diet. This hypothesis can be tested using the Geometric Framework for nutrition (GF). The GF enables researchers to study patterns of nutrient intake (e.g. macronutrients; protein, carbohydrates, fat), interactions between the different nutrients, and how an animal resolves the potential conflict between over-eating one or more nutrients and under-eating others during periods of dietary imbalance. Using the moose (Alces alces L.), a model species in the development of herbivore foraging theory, we conducted a feeding experiment guided by the GF, combining continuous observations of six captive moose with analysis of the macronutritional composition of foods. We identified the moose's self-selected macronutrient target by allowing them to compose a diet by mixing two nutritionally complementary pellet types plus limited access to Salix browse. Such periods of free choice were intermixed with periods when they were restricted to one of the two pellet types plus Salix browse. Our observations of food intake by moose given free choice lend support to the nutrient balancing hypothesis, as the moose combined the foods in specific proportions that provided a particular ratio and amount of macronutrients. When restricted to either of two diets comprising a single pellet type, the moose i) maintained a relatively stable intake of non-protein energy while allowing protein intakes to vary with food composition, and ii) increased their intake of the food item that most closely resembled the self-selected macronutrient intake from the free choice periods, namely Salix browse. We place our results in the context of the nutritional strategy of the moose, ruminant physiology and the categorization of food quality.
Data from: Moose browsing alters tree diversity effects on birch growth and insect herbivory
Producer diversity is known to affect a wide range of ecosystem processes including plant growth and insect pest resistance. Consumers such as mammalian herbivores too have been shown to modify plant growth and insect herbivory by triggering changes in host plants. However, few studies have investigated whether consumer effects interact with plant species diversity effects on a focal plant. To unravel consumer-diversity interactions, we recorded both the presence and intensity of winter browsing by moose (Alces alces) on silver birch (Betula pendula) in a long-term forest diversity experiment in Finland and measured birch tree growth as well as insect chewing damage during the following growing season. Although browsing on birch by moose was not affected by tree species richness, the intensity of moose damage altered tree diversity effects on birch tree growth. At minor browsing intensity, tree height, trunk diameter and canopy projections showed positively-humped relationships with tree diversity, peaking at 3-species mixtures. Growth of moderately browsed trees increased with tree species richness, but growth of severely browsed birch trees was unaffected. Moose browsing also altered the direction of tree diversity effects on insect herbivory on birch. Unbrowsed trees experienced lower insect chewing damage in mixed stands (associational resistance) whilst browsed trees suffered more insect chewing damage in diverse stands (associational susceptibility). Increasing browsing intensity also reversed the relationship between tree species richness and insect chewing damage from negative to positive. The observed interactions between moose browsing and tree species richness effects could be explained by lower canopy cover of more diverse stands compared to birch monocultures, leading to increased re-growth capacity and more high-quality foliage of browsed birch trees in more open diverse stands. Our findings demonstrate that both the presence and intensity of mammalian browsing may modify the magnitude and even the direction of tree diversity effects on tree growth and susceptibility to insect herbivory. Differences in consumer impact among studies may thus potentially explain much of the observed variability in plant diversity effects on ecosystem functioning and must therefore be taken into account in future studies.
Opposing fitness consequences of habitat use in a harvested moose population
<p>1. Landscape changes are happening at an unprecedented pace, and together with high levels of wildlife harvesting humans have a large effect on wildlife populations. A thorough knowledge of their combined influence on individual fitness is important in order to understand factors affecting population dynamics. 2. The goal of the study was to assess the individual consistency in the use of risky habitat types, and how habitat use was related to fitness components and life-history strategies. 3. Using data from a closely monitored and harvested population of moose (Alces alces), we examined how individual variation in offspring size, reproduction, and survival was related to the use of open grasslands; a habitat type that offers high-quality forage during summer, but at the cost of being more exposed to hunters in autumn. Use of this habitat type may therefore involve a trade-off between high mortality risk and forage maximization. 4. There was high repeatability in habitat use, which suggest consistent behaviour within individuals. Offspring number and weight was positively related to the mothers' use of open grasslands, whereas the probability of surviving the subsequent harvest season was negatively related to the use of the same habitat type. As a consequence, we found a non-significant relationship between habitat use and lifetime fitness. 5. The study suggest that harvesting, even if intended to be nonselective with regard to phenotypes, may be selective towards animals with specific behaviour and life-history strategies. As a consequence, harvesting can alter the life-history composition of the population and target life-history strategies that would be beneficial for individual fitness and population growth in the absence of hunting.</p>
Data from: A genetic discontinuity in moose (Alces alces) in Alaska corresponds with fenced transportation infrastructure
The strength and arrangement of movement barriers can impact the connectivity among habitat patches. Anthropogenic barriers (e.g. roads) are a source of habitat fragmentation that can disrupt these resource networks and can have an influence on the spatial genetic structure of populations. Using microsatellite data, we evaluated whether observed genetic structure of moose (Alces alces) populations were associated with human activities (e.g. roads) in the urban habitat of Anchorage and rural habitat on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. We found evidence of a recent genetic subdivision among moose in Anchorage that corresponds to a major highway and associated infrastructure. This subdivision is most likely due to restrictions in gene flow due to alterations to the highway (e.g. moose-resistant fencing with one-way gates) and a significant increase in traffic volume over the past 30 years; genetic subdivision was not detected on the Kenai Peninsula in an area not bisected by a major highway. This study illustrates that anthropogenic barriers can substructure wildlife populations within a few generations and highlights the value of genetic assessments to determine the effects on connectivity among habitat patches in conjunction with behavioral and ecological data.
Data from: Harvest-induced phenotypic selection in an island population of moose, Alces alces
Empirical evidence strongly indicates that human exploitation has frequently led to rapid evolutionary changes in wild populations, yet the mechanisms involved are often poorly understood. Here we applied a recently developed demographic framework for analysing selection to data from a 20-year study of a wild population of moose, Alces alces. In this population, a genetic pedigree has been established all the way back to founders. We demonstrate harvest-induced directional selection for delayed birth dates in males and reduced body mass as calf in females. During the study period, birth date was delayed by 0.81 days per year for both sexes, while no significant changes occurred in calf body mass. Quantitative genetic analyses indicated that both traits harboured significant additive genetic variance. These results show that selective harvesting can induce strong selection which oppose natural selection. This may cause evolution of less favourable phenotypes that become maladaptive once harvesting ceases.
Moose occurrence data in Bohemian Forest Ecosystem
<p>This dataset contains all gathered spatial data for moose occurrence in our study area (see manuscript). In the table you can find these attributes: country of the occurrence, data quality according to SCALP classification, details about occurrence, coordinates for used S-JTSK (5514) reference system, locality and year of the record.</p>
Macronutritional composition of Swedish moose rumen samples collected 2014/15
<p>At northern latitudes, large spatial and temporal variation in the nutritional composition of available foods poses challenges to wild herbivores trying to satisfy their nutrient requirements. Studies conducted in mostly captive settings have shown that animals from a variety of taxonomic groups deal with this challenge by adjusting the amounts and proportions of available food combinations to achieve a target nutrient balance. In this study, we used proportions-based nutritional geometry to analyse the nutritional composition of rumen samples collected in winter from 481 moose (Alces alces) in southern Sweden and examine whether free-ranging moose show comparable patterns of nutrient balancing. Our main hypothesis was that wild moose actively regulate their rumen nutrient composition to offset ecologically imposed variation in the nutritional composition of available foods. To test this, we assessed the macronutritional composition (protein, carbohydrates, and lipids) of rumen contents and commonly eaten foods, including supplementary feed, across populations with contrasting winter diets, spanning an area of approximately 10 000 km2. Our results suggest that moose balanced the macronutrient composition of their rumen, with the rumen contents having consistently similar proportional relationship between protein and non-structural carbohydrates, despite differences in available (and eaten) foods. Furthermore, we found that rumen macronutrient balance was tightly related to ingested levels of dietary fiber (cellulose and hemicellulose), such that the greater the fiber content, the less protein was present in the rumen compared to non-structural carbohydrates. Our results also suggest that moose benefit from access to a greater variety of trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses, which provides them with a larger nutritional space to manoeuvre within. Our findings provide novel theoretical insights into a model species for ungulate nutritional ecology, while also generating data of direct relevance to wildlife and forest management, such as silvicultural or supplementary feeding practices.</p>
The nutritional condition of moose co-varies with climate, but not with density, predation risk, or diet composition
<p>A fundamental question about the ecology of herbivore populations pertains to the relative influence of biotic and abiotic processes on nutritional condition. Nutritional condition is influenced in important, yet poorly understood, ways by plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) which can adversely affect a herbivore's physiology and energetics. Here we assess the relative influence of various abiotic (weather) and biotic (intraspecific competition, predation risk and diet composition) factors on indicators of nutritional condition and the energetic costs of detoxifying PSMs for the moose population in Isle Royale National Park (U.S.A.). Specifically, we observed interannual variation in the ratio of urea nitrogen to creatinine (UN:C), an indicator of nutritional restriction, over 29 years and the ratio of glucuronic acid to creatinine (GA:C), an indicator of energetic investment, in detoxifying PSMs over 19-years. Both UN:C and GA:C were measured in samples of urine-soaked snow. Most importantly, climatic factors explained 66% of the interannual variation in UN:C, with moose being more nutritionally stressed during winters with deep snow and during winters that followed warm summers. None of the biotic factors (density, predation, diet composition) were useful predictors of UN:C or GA:C. The absence of a relationship between diet composition and either UN:C or GA:C suggests that the nutritional ecology of wild herbivores is probably complicated by fine-scale variation in protein content and concentrations of PSMs amongst plants of the same species. UN:C increased with GA:C at both the individual and population-level. That result is consistent with detoxification being energetically costly, such that it impairs nutritional condition and also highlight show spatio-temporal variation in the intake and detoxification of PSMs may influence population dynamics. Lastly, because we observed interannual variation in nutritional condition over three decades and detoxification over two decades these findings are relevant to concerns about how herbivore populations respond to climate change.</p>
Effect sizes of moose exclusion experiments for conducting meta-analyses
<p>This dataet describes effect sizes of moose exclusion experiments for conducting meta-analyses, for the boreal zone.</p> <p>Effect sizes of moose exclusion were calculated from fenced plots vs open (control) plots, both for density and height, respectively.</p> <p>Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Scopus were used as databases for searching potential articles, and the time of searching was between November 2020 and June 2021. </p> <p>The following keywords and different combinations of them were used:’ moose’, ‘herbivore’, ‘damage’, ‘shoot’, ‘boreal or hemiboreal’, ‘density’, ‘height’, ‘fenc*’, ‘excl*’, ‘browsing’, ‘conifer or deciduous or broadleaf’ and ‘pine or spruce or birch’.</p> <p>Data from the individual publications were read using WebPlotDigitizer.</p> <p>Only publications that reported averages and standard deviations or standard errors for both exclosure and control plots, were considered.</p>
SNPs for population monitoring of moose (Alces alces).
<p>We have developed a panel of 86 autosomal SNPs by de novo reduced representation sequencing of 34 moose (16 female, 18 male) sampled throughout Sweden. The SNPs separates individuals with high confidence and are also informative for population level analyses. Furthermore, three SNPs for sex identification of moose and three SNPs diagnostic for sympatric deer species have been discovered de-novo and are included in the panel.</p>
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