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738 results for “Microsatellite”
Perfect-microsatellite distribution in the genomes of 36 reptile species
<p>Microsatellite DNA sequences in the genomes of 36 reptiles were identified and localized using the Krait software. This dataset was for the distribution of perfect-microsatellites.</p>
GMATA derived ssr files containing Microsatellite data for 128 Phytophthora strains
<p>These 128 files are GMATA software-derived .ssr files, containing Microsatellite data for each Phytophthora strain.</p>
Landscape genetics Afromontane forest birds - microsatellite data
<p><a name="_Hlk61564128"></a><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Species confined to naturally fragmented habitats may exhibit intrinsic population complexity which may challenge interpretations of species response to anthropogenic landscape transformation. In South Africa, where native forests are naturally fragmented, forest‐dependent birds have undergone range declines since 1992, most notably among insectivores. These insectivores appear sensitive to the quality of natural matrix habitats, and it is unknown whether transformation of the landscape matrix has disrupted gene flow in these species</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>. We undertook a landscape genetics study of four forest‐dependent insectivorous songbirds across southeast South Africa. Microsatellite data were used to conduct a priori optimization of landscape resistance surfaces (land cover, rivers and dams, and elevation) using cost‐distances along least‐cost pathway (LCP), and resistance distances (IBR). We detected pronounced declines in effective population sizes over the past two centuries for the endemic forest specialist </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>Cossypha dichroa</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> and </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>Batis capensis</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>, alongside recent gene flow disruption in </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>B. capensis</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>, </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>C. dichroa</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> and </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>Pogonocichla stellata</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>. Landscape resistance modelling showed both native forest and dense thicket configuration facilitates gene flow in </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>P. stellata</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>, </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>B. capensis</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> and </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>C. dichroa</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>. Facultative dispersal of </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>P. stellata</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> through dense thicket likely aided resilience against historic landscape transformation, whereas combined forest‐thicket degradation adversely affected the forest generalist </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>B. capensis</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>. By contrast, </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>Phylloscopus ruficapilla</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> appears least reliant upon landscape features to maintain gene flow and was least impacted by anthropogenic landscape transformation. Collectively, gene flow in all four species is improved at lower elevations, along river valleys, and riparian corridors— where </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>native forest and dense thicket better persist. Consistent outperformance of LCP over IBR land‐cover models for </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>P. stellata</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>, </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>B. capensis</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> and </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em>C. dichroa</em><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> demonstrates the benefits of wildlife corridors for South African forest‐dependent bird conservation, to ameliorate the extinction debts from past and present anthropogenic forest exploitation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Microsatellite data from various African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) populations throughout Africa
<p>1280 African buffalo (<em>Syncerus caffer</em>) samples genotyped with up to 19 microsatellites. 1275 samples are from East (12 populations) and southern Africa (4 populations). 5 samples are from central Africa (2 populations).</p>
Microsatellite genotype data from: Male-biased dispersal in a fungus-gardening ant symbiosis (Matthews et al, Ecology and Evolution)
<p>For nearly all organisms, dispersal is a fundamental life history trait that can shape their ecology and evolution. Variation in dispersal capabilities within a species exists and can influence population genetic structure and ecological interactions. In fungus-gardening (attine) ants, co-dispersal of ants and mutualistic fungi is crucial to the success of this obligate symbiosis. Female-biased dispersal (and gene flow) may be favored in attines because virgin queens carry the responsibility of dispersing the fungi, but a paucity of research has made this conclusion difficult. Here, we investigate dispersal of the fungus-gardening ant <i>Trachymyrmex septentrionalis</i> using a combination of maternally- (mitochondrial DNA) and biparentally-inherited (microsatellites) markers. We found three distinct, spatially isolated mitochondrial DNA haplotypes; two were found in the Florida panhandle and the other in the Florida peninsula. In contrast, biparental markers illustrated significant gene flow across this region and minimal spatial structure. The differential patterns uncovered from mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers suggest that most long-distance ant dispersal is male-biased and that females (and concomitantly the fungus) have more limited dispersal capabilities. Consequently, the limited female dispersal is likely an important bottleneck for the fungal symbiont. This bottleneck could slow fungal genetic diversification, which has significant implications for both ant hosts and fungal symbionts regarding population genetics, species distributions, adaptive responses to environmental change, and coevolutionary patterns.</p>
Dataset: DNA barcodes and microsatellites: how they complement for species identification in the complex genus Tamarix (Tamaricaceae)
<p class="CuerpoA">DNA barcoding allows the identification of an organism by comparing the sequence of selected DNA regions (barcodes) with a previously compiled database, and it can be useful for taxonomic identification of species in complex genera, such as <i>Tamarix</i>. Many species of this genus show convergent morphology, which leads to frequent errors in their identification. Highly variable genetic markers, such as microsatellites or short sequence repeats (SSR), could be used to differentiate species where DNA barcodes fail. Here, we tested the ability of both, five different marker regions (<i>rbcL</i>, <i>matK</i>, ITS, <i>trnH</i>-<i>psbA</i>, and <i>ycf1</i>), and 14 microsatellites, to properly identify <i>Tamarix</i> species, especially those from the Mediterranean Basin, and compared the pros and cons of the different analytical methods for species identification. DNA barcoding allows the genetic identification of certain species in <i>Tamarix</i>. The two-locus barcodes <i>matK</i>+ITS and ITS+<i>ycf1</i> were the best-performing combinations, allowing up to 69% and 70%, respectively, correct identification. However, DNA barcoding failed in phylogenetically close groups, such as many Mediterranean species. The use of SSR can aid the identification of species, and the combination of both types of data (DNA barcoding and SSR) improved the success. The combination of data was especially relevant in detecting the presence of hybridization processes, which are common in the genus. However, caution must be exercised when choosing the clustering methods for the SSR data, since different methods can lead to very different results.</p>
Panmixia and active colonisation of the invasive palm Trachycarpus fortunei (Arecaceae) in Southern Switzerland and Northern Italy as inferred by microsatellites and SNP markers
<p>Dataset for the paper named "Panmixia and active colonisation of the invasive palm Trachycarpus fortunei (Arecaceae) in Southern Switzerland and Northern Italy as inferred by microsatellites and SNP markers"</p> <p>GBS analysis:</p> <p>- variants.vcf.gz : compressed non filtered VCF file with 208 samples and 73685 markers on 36195 loci</p> <p>- variants.filt.vcf.gz: Filtered Variant call file (compressed) - Samples with > 50% missing genotypes, and variants with genotype calls in less than 80% of samples are removed; variants with maf < 1% are removed -207 samples and 31312 markers on 19301 loci - 1 samples removed 6CL</p> <p>Microsatellites:</p> <p>TFT.fortunei_Microsatellites_FSTATFINAL_Pop.dat</p> <p>Samples file</p> <p>-Trachycarpus_Samples_sheet.xlsx : list of samples used (lab extractions) </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
T a b l e 4 in Molecular Characterization Of Lates Niloticus (Perciformes, Latidae) Populations From Three Nigerian Waterbodies Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna And Microsatellite Markers
T a b l e 4. Microsatellites results
Data from: Demographic and ecogeographic factors limit wild grapevine spread at the southern edge of its distribution range - wild grapevine sampling locations, Maxent input files, morphological and microsatellite data
<p><span>This dataset contains raw data described in the paper: "Rahimi O., Ohana-Levi N., Brauner H., Inbar N., Hübner S. and Drori E. (2021) "Demographic and ecogeographic factors limit wild grapevine spread at the southern edge of its distribution range", accepted for publication in "Ecology and Evolution".</span></p> <p><span>The spatial distribution of plants is constrained by demographic and eco-geographic factors that determine the range and abundance of the species. In this study, we performed genetic and morphological analyzes based on SSR and OIV datasets. In addition, according to the spatial distribution model performed by Maxent software we found that distance to water sources, Normalized difference vegetation index, and precipitation are the main environmental factors constraining <i>V.v. sylvestris</i> distribution at its southern distribution range. All raw data used for this study can be found in this deposit which contains a table with grapevine locations, Maxent input files, morphological and microsatellite data. </span></p>
Microsatellite genotypes of A. chlorotica parentage analysis
<p><span>Historical events of population fragmentation, expansion and admixture over geological time may result in complex patterns of reproductive isolation and may explain why, for some taxa, the study of mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear (nu) genetic data results in discordant evolutionary patterns. Complex patterns of taxonomic diversity were recently revealed in earthworms for which distribution is largely the result of paleogeographical events</span><span>. Here, we investigated reproductive isolation patterns in a complex of cryptic species of earthworms in which discordant patterns between mt and nu genetic lineages were previously revealed, the <em>Allolobophora chlorotica</em> aggregate. Using four nu microsatellite markers and a fragment of the <em>cytochrome c oxidase</em> <em>subunit I</em> mt gene we carried out a parentage analysis to investigate </span><span>the mating patterns </span><span>(i) </span><span>between individuals belonging to two divergent mt lineages that cannot be distinguished with nu markers and (ii) between individuals belonging to lineages that are differentiated both at the mt and nu levels. Among the 157 field collected individuals, 66 adults were used in cross-breeding experiments to form 22 trios based on their assignment to a mt lineage, and 453 obtained juveniles were genotyped. We showed that adults that mated with both their potential mates in the trio produced significantly more juveniles. In crosses between lineages that diverged exclusively at the mt level, a sex-specific pattern of reproduction characteristic to each lineage was observed, suggesting a possible conflict of interest concerning the use of male/female function between mating partners. In crosses between lineages that diverged both at the mt and nu level, a high production of cocoons was counterbalanced by a low hatching rate, suggesting a post-zygotic reproductive isolation. Different degrees of reproductive isolation, from differential sex allocation to post-zygotic isolation, were thus revealed. Lineages appear to be at different stages in the speciation process, which likely explain the observed opposite patterns of mito-nuclear congruence.</span></p>
Aedes aegypti in North America (Microsatellite and SNP array)
<p>The <em>Aedes aegypti</em> mosquito first invaded the Americas about 500 years ago and today is a widely distributed invasive species and the primary vector for viruses causing dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Here we test the hypothesis that the North American colonization by <em>Ae. aegypti</em> occurred via a series of founder events. We present findings on genetic diversity, structure, and demographic history using data from 70 <em>Ae. aegypti</em> populations in North America genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and/or ~20,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the largest genetic study of the region to date. We find evidence consistent with a colonization driven by serial founder effect (SFE), with Florida as the putative source for a series of westward invasions. This scenario was supported by 1) a decrease in the genetic diversity of <em>Ae. aegypti </em>populations moving west, 2) a correlation between pairwise genetic and geographic distances, and 3) demographic analysis based on allele frequencies. A few <em>Ae. aegypti</em> populations on the west coast do not follow the general trend, likely due to a recent and distinct invasion history. We argue that SFE provides a helpful albeit simplified model for the movement of <em>Ae. aegypti </em>across North America, with outlier populations warranting further investigation.</p>
Characterization and microsatellite marker development for Geosmithia obscura, a common bark and ambrosia beetle associate
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Background. </span></strong><span>S</span><span>ymbioses between <em>Geosmithia</em> fungi and </span><span>wood-boring and bark beetles</span><span> seldom result in disease induction within the plant host. Yet exceptions exist such as <em>Geosmithia</em> <em>morbida</em>, the causal agent of Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) of walnuts and wingnuts and <em>Geosmithia</em> sp. 41, the causal agent of Foamy Bark Canker disease of oaks. Isolates of<em> G. obscura </em>were recovered from black walnut trees in eastern Tennessee and<em> </em>at least one isolate induced cankers following artificial inoculation. Due to the putative pathogenicity and lack of recovery of <em>G. obscura </em>from natural lesions, a molecular diagnostic screening tool was developed using microsatellite markers mined from the <em>G. obscura </em>genome.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Results. </span></strong><span>A total of 3,256 candidate microsatellite markers were identified (2236, 789, 137 di-, tri-, and tetra- motifs were identified, respectively), with 2011, 703, 101 di-, tri-, and tetra- motifs containing markers with primers. From these, 75 microsatellite markers were randomly selected, screened, and optimized, resulting in 28 polymorphic markers that yielded single, consistently recovered bands which were used in downstream analyses. Five of these microsatellite markers were found to be specific to <em>G. obscura </em>and did not cross-amplify into other, closely related species. Although the remaining tested markers could be useful, they cross-amplified within different <em>Geosmithia</em> species, making them not reliable for <em>G. obscura </em>detection.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Conclusion.</span></strong><span> Five novel microsatellite markers (GOBS9, GOBS10, GOBS41, GOBS43, GOBS50) were developed based on <em>G. obscura</em> genome. These species-specific microsatellite markers are available as a tool for use in molecular diagnostics and can assist future surveillance studies.</span></p>
Population changes in a whale breeding ground revealed by citizen science noninvasive genetics unique microsatellite profiles of southern right whales
<p>Historical exploitation, and a combination of current anthropogenic impacts, such as climate change and habitat degradation, impact the population dynamics of marine mammalian megafauna. Right whales (<em>Eubalaena </em>spp.) are large cetaceans recovering from hunting, whose reproductive and population growth rate appear to be impacted by climate change. We apply noninvasive genetic methods to monitor southern right whale (<em>E. australis</em>, SRW) and test the application of noninvasive genetics to minimise the observer effects on the population. Our aim is to describe population structure, and interdecadal and interannual changes to assess species status in the Great Acceleration period of Anthropocene. As a basis for population genetic analyses, we collected samples from sloughed skin during post-migration epidermal moult. Considering the exploration-exploitation dilemma, we collaborated with whale-watching companies, as part of a citizen science approach and to reduce ad hoc logistic operations and biopsy equipment. We used mitochondrial and microsatellite data and population genetic tools. We report for the first time the genetic composition and differentiation of the Namibian portion of the range. Population genetic parameters suggest that South Africa hosts the largest population. This corresponds with higher estimates of current gene flow from Africa compared to older samples. We have observed considerable interannual variation in population density at the breeding ground and an interdecadal shift in genetic variability, evidenced by an increase in the point estimate inbreeding. Clustering analyses confirmed differentiation between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, presumably originating during the ice ages. We show that population monitoring of large whales, essential for their conservation management, is feasible using noninvasive sampling within non-scientific platforms. Observed patterns are concurrent to changes of movement ecology and decline in reproductive success of the South African population, probably reflecting a large-scale restructuring of pelagic marine food webs.</p>
Nuclear genetic diversity and structure of Anastrepha ludens wild populations evidenced by microsatellite markers
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The Mexican fruit fly, <em>Anastrepha ludens </em>is an important pest that causes widespread damage to a number of fruit crops in Mexico. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is commonly used for its control. However, the existence of natural barriers can give rise to a population structure in neutral loci and possibly behavioral or adaptive traits that interfere with SIT. For this reason, it is important to understand the genetic diversity and structure of<em> A. ludens </em>populations and to better understand the evolutionary ecology and population processes in view of possible expansions and possible host shifts due to climate change. We genotyped nine nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite loci among fruit fly populations collected from five biogeographic areas within Mexico, Mexican Plateau, the Northeastern Coastal Plain, the Pacific Coast, the Gulf Coast of Mexico, the Soconusco and a laboratory strain. The nuclear genetic diversity was moderate (from <em>H</em>e = 0.34 to <em>H</em>e = 0.39) within the wild mexfly population. We found that populations were clustered in three genetic groups (<em>K</em>=3). The diversity and genetic structure of <em>A. ludens</em> are produced by environmental and geological conditions as well as local conditions like anthropogenic perturbation which would produce population expansion and the existence of possible predators that would affect the population density. Gene flow showed recent migration among populations. The laboratory strain showed less diversity than the wild samples. Large values of current and ancestral population size suggest high resistance to climatic changes, probably due to biological attributes, such as its polyphagous, multivoltine and high dispersal characteristics. In particular ecosystem fragmentation and perturbation as well as the existence of new plant hosts all of which would probably increase the abundance of flies.</span></p>
Microsatellite genotypes for temporal monitoring of the Floreana Island Galapagos Giant Tortoise captive breeding program
<p><span>Captive breeding programs benefit from genetic analyses that identify relatedness between individuals, assign parentage to offspring, and track levels of genetic diversity. Monitoring these parameters across breeding cycles is critical to the success of a captive breeding program as it allows conservation managers to iteratively evaluate and adjust program structure. However, in practice, genetic tracking of breeding outcomes is rarely conducted. Here, we examined the first three offspring cohorts (2017 – 2020) of the genetically-informed captive breeding program for the Floreana Island Galapagos giant tortoise, </span><em><span>Chelonoidis niger</span></em><span>. This captive breeding program is unique as the Floreana tortoise has been extinct since the 1800s, but its genome </span><span>persists, in part, in the form of living hybrids with the extant Volcano Wolf tortoise, <em>Chelonoidis becki</em>. Breeding over the study period took place at the Galapagos National Park Directorate breeding facility in four corrals, each containing three females and two males. Using 17 microsatellite markers, we were able to assign parentage to 94 of the 98 offspring produced over the study period. </span><span>We observe that despite the addition of more founders since the pilot breeding program, the effective population size remains low, and changes to the arrangements of breeding corrals may be necessary to encourage more equal reproductive output from the males. </span><span>This study demonstrates the value of hybrids for species restoration and the importance of continually reassessing the outcomes of captive breeding. </span></p>
Microsatellite data for Bull Trout
<p>Freshwater ecosystems are negatively impacted by a variety of anthropogenic stressors, with concomitant elevated rates of population decline for freshwater aquatic vertebrates. Because reductions in population size and extent can negatively impact genetic diversity and gene flow, which are vital for sustained local adaptation, it is important to measure these characteristics in threatened species that may yet be rescued from extinction. Across its native range, Bull Trout (<em>Salvelinus confluentus</em>) extent and abundance are in decline due to historic overharvest, invasive nonnative species, and habitat loss. In Alberta's Eastern Slope region, populations at the range margin have progressively been lost, motivating us to better understand the amount and distribution of genetic variation in headwater habitats and some downstream sites where they continue to persist. Across this region, we sampled 431 Bull Trout from 20 sites in the Athabasca and Saskatchewan River basins and assayed 10 microsatellite loci to characterize within- and among-population genetic variation. The Saskatchewan and Athabasca River basins contained similar levels of heterozygosity but were differentiated from one another. Within the Athabasca River basin, five genetically differentiated clusters were found. Despite the evidence for genetic differentiation, we did not observe significant isolation-by-distance patterns among these sites. Our findings of ample genetic diversity and no evidence for hybridization with non-native Brook Trout in headwater habitats provide motivation to ameliorate downstream habitats and remove anthropogenic barriers to connectivity towards the goal of long-term persistence of this species.</p>
Microsatellite profile of Plasmopara viticola isolates collected in Italy
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete <em>Plasmopara viticola</em>, is one of the most serious threat to viticulture. <em>P. viticola </em>is native to North America and causes the most severe damages to the Eurasian grapevine, <em>Vitis vinifera. </em>In this work, we investigated the genetic structure of the pathogen in Italy by collecting 96 <em>P. viticola </em>strains in twelve different regions. Based on microsatellite characterization (19 microsatellites), we confirmed that the Italian population of <em>P. viticola</em> is composed of two separate subpopulations and determined that these two cluster differ for geographic and climatic conditions. These populations could have been originated from the introduction of two separate populations or, more likely, from the evolution of the original population that reached Europe at the end of the XIX century. The pathogen showed a great evolutionary potential, as highlighted by the regular occurrence of sexual reproduction, panmictic structure within cluster and absence of clones. These results confirm that the <em>P. viticola </em>has a strong potential for adaptation and suggest the integration of all the tools (genetic, agronomic and chemical) for achieving a proper disease management.</span></p>
De novo developed microsatellite markers in gill parasites of the genus Dactylogyrus (Monogenea)
<p class="MsoBodyText">Approaches using microsatellite markers are considered the gold standard for modern population-genetic studies. However, though they have found application in research into various platyhelminth taxa, they remained substantially underutilized in the study of monogeneans. In the present study, a newly-developed set of 24 microsatellite markers was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the generalist monogenean species <i>Dactylogyrus vistulae</i>. The analyzed parasite specimens were collected from 13 cyprinoid species from 11 sites in the Apennine and Balkan peninsulas. A total of 159 specimens were genotyped at each of the loci and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 16, with a mean number of 6.958 alleles per locus. Exceptionally high genetic diversity was observed among <i>D. vistulae </i>individuals in the southern Balkans (mean N<sub>A </sub>per locus = 3.917), suggesting that generalist <i>D. vistulae </i>expanded from the south to the north in the Balkans and later putatively into central Europe. The initial clustering analysis divided all investigated specimens into three major clusters; however, the results of the subsequent analyses revealed the existence of various subpopulations, suggesting that the population structure of <i>D. vistulae </i>is associated with the diversification of their cyprinoid hosts. In addition, the partition of the parasite population was observed in regions of the sympatric occurrence of two host species, indicating that these hosts may represent a barrier to gene flow, even for generalist parasite species.</p>
Comparative phylogeography of two commensal rat species (Rattus tanezumi and R. norvegicus) in China: Insights from mitochondiral DNA, microsatellite and RADseq
<p><em><span>Rattus norvegicus</span></em><span> and </span><em><span>Rattus tanezumi</span></em><span> are dominant species of Chinese house rats, but the colonization and demographic history of two species in China have not been thoroughly explored.</span><span> Phylogenetic analyses with mitochondrial DNA including 486 individuals from 31 localities revealed that </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>norvegicus</em></span><span> is widely distributed in China, </span><span>R. <em>tanezumi</em></span><span> is mainly distributed in southern China with currently invading northward; northeast China was the natal region of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>norvegicus</em></span><span>, while the spread of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>tanezumi</em></span><span> in China most likely started from the southeast coast. A total of 123 individuals from 18 localities were subjected to 2b‐RAD analyses. In the neighbor‐joining tree, individuals of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>tanezumi</em></span><span> grouped into geographic‐specific branches, and populations from the southeast coast were ancestral groups, which confirmed the colonization route from the southeast coast to central and western China. However, individuals of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>norvegicus</em></span><span> were generally grouped into two clusters instead of geographic‐specific branches. One cluster comprised inland populations, and another cluster included both southeast coast and inland populations, which indicated that the spread history of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>norvegicus</em></span><span> in China was complex; in addition to on‐land colonization, shipping transportation also played a great role. ADMIXTURE and principal component analyses provided further supports for the colonization history. Demographic analyses revealed that climate changes at ~40,000 to 18,000 years ago and ~4000 years ago had led to population declines of both species; the </span><span>R<em>.</em> <em>norvegicus</em></span><span> declined rapidly while the population of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>tanezumi</em></span><span> continuously expanded since ~1500 years ago, indicating the importance of interspecies' competition in their population size changes. Our study provided a valuable framework for further investigation of phylogeography of two species in China.</span></p>
King Colobus and Western Red Colobus of Taï National Park - microsatellite dataset
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We compared the genetic patterns - genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history - of two African colobine species - King Colobus (<em>Colobus polykomos</em>) and Western Red Colobus (<em>Piliocolobus badius</em>) - in Taï National Park (TNP), Ivory Coast, and Cantanhez Forests National Park (CFNP), Guinea-Bissau, using a dataset of microsatellite loci. While TNP is the largest and best preserved forest of West Africa, CFNP is highly fragmented. Thus, these two forests provide the opportunity of studying the impact of forest status on the maintenance of these species' evolutionary potential.</p> <p>CFNP colobines showed very low genetic diversity, while the populations in TNP still maintain high levels of genetic diversity. A strong signal of population decline was and we found no clear signal of population decrease in Western red colobus and a limited decrease in King colobus. These results suggest larger and historically more stable populations in TNP compared to CFNP. We cannot exclude the possibility that the demographic effects resulting from the recent increase of bushmeat hunting are not yet detectable in TNP using genetic data. Nevertheless, the fact that the TNP colobus populations are highly genetically diverse and maintain large effective population sizes suggests that well-preserved forests are crucial for the maintenance of populations, species and probably for the evolutionary potential in colobines.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong></p> <p>Blood-derived DNA samples of eight King Colobus (<em>Colobus polykomos</em>) and 20 Western Red Colobus (<em>Piliocolobus badius</em>) were genotyped for eleven and ten, respectively, human-derived nuclear microsatellite loci. Loci were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), following the protocol optimised by Minhós <em>et al.</em> (2013). PCR products were analysed using an ABI 3130XL Automatic Sequencer at the Genomics Unit of Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Portugal. Alleles were scored using GeneMapper® Software version 4.1 (Applied Biosystems). Each locus was genotyped up to three times per sample and two independent observers scored the genotypes. Genotypes were considered as heterozygous after each allele was observed in at least two independent PCR reactions. This dataset presents the consensus genotypes obtained for each individual at each locus. No GPS data are available for this dataset, although all individuals are known to come from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Usage notes:</strong></p> <p>The dataset corresponds to two CSV files - one for King Colobus (<em>Colobus polykomos</em>) and another for Western Red Colobus (<em>Piliocolobus badius</em>). The header shows microsatellite names (2 columns per microsatellite, as these are diploid individuals) and each subsequent row corresponds to an individual. The first column exhibits the codes of the individuals. Missing data is coded as 0.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.