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447 results for “Neotropical distribution”
Fig. 4 in Description of One New Species of Chileria and Three New Species of Orthotylus, with Nomenclatural and Distributional Notes on Neotropical Orthotylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylini)
Fig. 4. Distribution map of Biobiocoris setosus and Hyporhinocoris fratruelis.
The role of glaciations in the evolutionary history of a widely distributed Neotropical open habitat bird
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The Neotropics constitute the most biodiverse region of the world, yet its patterns of diversification and speciation differ among Neotropical areas and are not equally well understood. Particularly, avian evolutionary processes are understudied in the open habitats of temperate South America, where the role of glacial cycles is not clear. We analyzed the evolutionary history of a Neotropical widespread bird species as a case study to evaluate its continental-scale patterns and processes of diversification, with a focus on Patagonia.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Open habitats of the Neotropics.</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> <em>Vanellus chilensis</em> (Aves, Charadriiformes).</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained reduced representation genomic and mitochondrial data from the four subspecies of <em>V. chilensis</em> to perform a phylogenetic/phylogeographic analysis and study the evolutionary history of the species. We complemented these analyses with the study of vocalizations, a reproductive signal in birds.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The initial diversification event within <em>V. chilensis</em>, approximately 600,000 years ago, split a Patagonian lineage from one containing individuals from the rest of the Neotropics. We found considerable gene flow between these two lineages and a contact zone in northern Patagonia and showed that genomic admixture extends to northwestern Argentina. Shallower divergence was detected between the two non-Patagonian subspecies, which are separated by the Amazon River. Vocalizations were significantly different between the two main lineages and were intermediate in their temporal and frequency characteristics in the contact zone.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Patagonian populations of <em>V. chilensis</em> are clearly differentiated from those of the rest of the Neotropics, possibly as a consequence of Pleistocene glaciations. A secondary contact zone in northern Patagonia with extensive gene flow among lineages appears to be the consequence of post-glacial, northward expansion of the Patagonian populations. Future analyses focused on the dynamics of the contact zone will allow us to establish whether the species continues to diverge or is homogenizing. </p>
Data from: Historical demography and climate driven distributional changes in a widespread Neotropical freshwater species with high economic importance
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The role of glaciations in the evolutionary history of a widely distributed Neotropical open habitat bird
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Data from: Environmental controls on canopy foliar N distributions in a neotropical lowland forest
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Data from: Genetic and phenotypic differentiation in a Neotropical passerine with a disjunct distribution in the Andean and Atlantic forests (Thamnophilus ruficapillus)
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Data from: Genetic analysis of museum samples suggests temporal stability in the Mexican nonbreeding distribution of a neotropical migrant
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RAD-seq data from: Evidence of local adaptation despite strong drift in a Neotropical patchily distributed bromeliad
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New xyleborine (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) genus with an Afrotropical-Neotropical distribution
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Figure 19 in New records and updated distribution of the ant-like jumping spider genus Zuniga Peckham & Peckham, 1892 (Salticidae: Salticinae: Sarindini) in the Neotropics
Figure 19. Known distribution of the genus Zuniga in the Americas.
FIGURES 47–48. Distribution maps. 47. D. elongata n in Revision of the Nearctic species of Ditomyia Winnertz and a new species from the Neotropical Region (Diptera: Ditomyiidae)
FIGURES 47–48. Distribution maps. 47. D. elongata n. sp. (yellow star) and D. sohnsi n. sp. (red circle). 48. D. potomaca (green circle) and D. euzona (red square); although no D. euzona specimens were examined from the District of Columbia, because D.C. is the type locality of D. euzona and is the most southern record known for the species, it has been plotted on the map.
Data from: The distribution of fruit and seed toxicity during development for eleven Neotropical trees and vines in Central Panama
Secondary compounds in fruit mediate interactions with natural enemies and seed dispersers, influencing plant survival and species distributions. The functions of secondary metabolites in plant defenses have been well-studied in green tissues, but not in reproductive structures of plants. In this study, the distribution of toxicity within plants was quantified and its influence on seed survival was determined in Central Panama. To investigate patterns of allocation to chemical defenses and shifts in allocation with fruit development, I quantified variation in toxicity between immature and mature fruit and between the seed and pericarp for eleven species. Toxicity of seed and pericarp was compared to leaf toxicity for five species. Toxicity was measured as reduced hyphal growth of two fungal pathogens, Phoma sp. and Fusarium sp., and reduced survivorship of brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, across a range of concentrations of crude extract. I used these measures of potential toxicity against generalist natural enemies to examine the effect of fruit toxicity on reductions of fruit development and seed survival by vertebrates, invertebrates, and pathogens measured for seven species in a natural enemy removal experiment. The seed or pericarp of all vertebrate- and wind-dispersed species reduced Artemia survivorship and hyphal growth of Fusarium during the immature and mature stages. Only mature fruit of two vertebrate-dispersed species reduced hyphal growth of Phoma. Predispersal seed survival increased with toxicity of immature fruit to Artemia during germination and decreased with toxicity to fungi during fruit development. This study suggests that fruit toxicity against generalist natural enemies may be common in Central Panama. These results support the hypothesis that secondary metabolites in fruit have adaptive value and are important in the evolution of fruit-frugivore interactions.
Data from: Museums and cradles of diversity are geographically coincident for narrowly distributed Neotropical snakes
<p>Factors driving the spatial configuration of centres of endemism have long been a topic of broad interest and debate. Due to different eco-evolutionary processes, these highly biodiverse areas may harbour different amounts of ancient and recently diverged organisms (paleo- and neo-endemism, respectively). Patterns of endemism still need to be measured at distinct phylogenetic levels for most clades and, consequently, little is known about the distribution, the age and the causes of such patterns. Here we tested for the presence of centres with high Phylogenetic Endemism (PE) in the highly diverse Neotropical snakes, testing the age of these patterns (paleo- or neo-endemism), and the presence of PE centres with distinct phylogenetic composition. We then tested whether PE is predicted by topography, by climate (seasonality, stability, buffering and relictualness), or biome size. We found that most areas of high PE for Neotropical snakes present a combination of both ancient and recently diverged diversity, which is distributed mostly in the Caribbean region, Central America, the Andes, the Atlantic Forest and on scattered highlands in central Brazil. Turnover of lineages is higher across Central America, resulting in more phylogenetically distinct PE centres compared to South America, which presents a more phylogenetically uniform snake fauna. Finally, we found that elevational range (topographic roughness) is the main predictor of PE, especially for paleo-endemism, whereas low paleo-endemism levels coincide with areas of high climatic seasonality. Our study highlights the importance of mountain systems to both ancient and recent narrowly distributed diversity. Mountains are both museums and cradles of snake diversity in the Neotropics, which has important implications for conservation in this region.</p>
FIGURES 30–32. Distribution maps. 30 in The neotropical genera Microthereva Malloch and Peralia Malloch (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae)
FIGURES 30–32. Distribution maps. 30. Microthereva argentiventris (closed circles), M. variventris (arrow). 31. Peralia hermanni. 32. Peralia vittata.
FIGURES 18–19. Distribution maps. 18 in Notes on the Neotropical bee genera Agapostemonoides Roberts & Brooks and Rhinetula Friese, with description of a new species of Agapostemonoides (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Halictinae)
FIGURES 18–19. Distribution maps. 18, Agapostemonoides hurdi and A. weyrauchi sp. nov. 19, Rhinetula denticrus and R. rufiventris.
FIGURES 9–14 in A new Neotropical species of the genus Parochlus Enderlein, 1912 (Chironomidae: Podonominae) and new distribution in Argentina
FIGURES 9–14. Parochlus carolinae sp. n. Pupa (9) frontal apotome, dorsal view; (10) anal segment; (11) and (12) thoracic horns. Larva (13) antenna; (14) mentum. Scale bars: 100 µm.
FIGURES 1–8 in A new Neotropical species of the genus Parochlus Enderlein, 1912 (Chironomidae: Podonominae) and new distribution in Argentina
FIGURES 1–8. Parochlus carolinae sp. n. Male imago (1) head, frontal view; (2) thorax, lateral view; (3) hypopygium, dorsal view; (4) spur of front tibia; (5) spur of middle tibia; (6) spur and comb of hind tibia; (7) antenna; (8) wing. Scale bars: (1–5, 7–8) 100 µm; (6) 50 µm.
FIGURE 11 in The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males
FIGURE 11. Macrostemum hyalinum (F.J. Pictet 1836), right fore- and hind wings, dorsal view. A–D, variants.
FIGURE 2. Macrostemum nigrum, new species. A in The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males
FIGURE 2. Macrostemum nigrum, new species. A, right fore- and hind wings, dorsal view; B–E, male genitalia: B, left lateral view; C, phallus, left lateral view; D, apex of phallus, ventral view; E, terga IX and X, dorsal view.
FIGURE 5 in The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males
FIGURE 5. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer 1970), male genitalia. A, left lateral view; B–D, variants of phallus, left lateral
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.