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445 results for “Neotropical diversity”
Underestimated Neotropical diversity: Integrative taxonomy reveals two unrelated look-alike species in a suboscine bird (Pachyramphus albogriseus)
<p>We applied an integrative taxonomic framework to evaluate the systematics of the Neotropical Black-and-white Becard, <em>Pachyramphus albogriseus</em> Sclater 1857. Combining phylogenomic (ultraconserved elements), morphological, and vocalization data, we confirmed that this species is polyphyletic; some individuals form a clade sister to <em>P. polychopterus</em> and should be afforded species rank as <em>P. salvini</em> Richmond 1899 (Slender-billed Becard), whereas the remaining subspecies of <em>P. albogriseus</em> (Broad-banded Becard) are sister to <em>P. major</em>. We found that <em>P. salvini</em> differs from <em>P. albogriseus</em> in song, color of the lores, wing-bar width, body size, and bill width. Whereas <em>P. albogriseus</em> occurs in montane forest in Costa Rica and Panama (ssp. <em>ornatus</em>) and along the eastern slope of the Andes from to N Venezuela to S Peru (ssp. <em>albogriseus</em>), <em>P. salvini</em> is found in the lowlands from Pacific Colombia south to NW Peru and in the Río Marañón drainage. The latter also occurs, possibly only seasonally, along the eastern slope of the Andes, where the two species' ranges approach closely. We treat <em>P. a. guayaquilensis</em> Zimmer 1936 as a junior synonym of <em>P. salvini</em> Richmond 1899, and <em>P. a. coronatus</em> Phelps and Phelps 1953 as a junior synonym of <em>P. a. albogriseus</em> Sclater 1857. This study provides a striking example of a major problem for comparative biology: underestimated and mischaracterized diversity. We argue that there are likely many more cases like this awaiting discovery.</p>
Feeding habits influence species habitat associations at the landscape scale in a diverse clade of Neotropical fishes
<p><strong>Aim.</strong> A primary goal of community ecology is to understand the mechanisms that drive species' spatial distribution and habitat associations. Species' geographic distribution can be influenced by the distribution of their prey partly because consumers' behavior is oriented to optimal energy use during foraging. We analyzed how differences in dietary preferences influence the spatial distribution and habitat associations of species at the landscape scale. We hypothesized that differences in feeding guilds will lead to divergent habitat association patterns among species.</p> <p><strong>Location.</strong> Amazon River drainage basin. </p> <p><strong>Taxon.</strong> Characiform fishes in the family Serrasalmidae (piranhas and pacus). </p> <p><strong>Methods.</strong> We used diet data to classify species into feeding guilds (frugivores, herbivores, piscivores, fin and scale feeders, and planktivores). We used three proxies of habitat association derived from satellite products: floodplain extent, landscape heterogeneity, and flood duration, in three distance buffers. We implemented Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares models to evaluate the relationship between habitat association and feeding guilds.</p> <p><strong>Results.</strong> Frugivores, piscivores, and fin and scale feeders presented similar patterns of habitat associations, with frugivores occupying wider areas of floodplain and greater landscape heterogeneity. Herbivores and planktivores were associated with smaller floodplain extents and lower landscape heterogeneity. All feeding guilds were associated with similar levels of flood duration.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions.</strong> Differences in resource distribution (assessed through feeding guilds) can influence habitat association. Considering the hydrological variability (i.e., floodplain extent) and landscape heterogeneity that characterize floodplains, the patterns of habitat association vary with the spatial scale considered. This work highlights the importance of understanding species habitat associations by fish as well as food resource dynamics and floodplain dependence. This realization is critical for assessing the impact of anthropogenic activities on freshwater ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Extra-pair paternity correlates with genetic diversity, but not breeding density, in a Neotropical passerine, the Black Catbird
<p>The frequency of extra-pair paternity (EPP) varies widely across socially monogamous birds, but the proximate mechanisms driving this variation remain unclear. In this study, we tested two major factors hypothesized to influence extra-pair mating—breeding density and genetic diversity—by comparing genetic mating patterns in two populations of black catbirds <em>Melanoptila glabrirostris</em>. This Neotropical songbird is endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula, including eastern Mexico, and its offshore islands. We sampled one mainland (Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve) and one island (Isla Cozumel) population and used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to quantify heterozygosity and genetic parentage over two breeding seasons. Moderate levels of EPP occurred in both populations (9.5 – 35% of offspring and 17 – 45% of nests). Contrary to predictions, breeding density did not affect EPP: although breeding densities were much higher on the mainland than on the island, EPP rates did not differ between populations, and local breeding density was not correlated with EPP at individual nests. In contrast, partial support emerged for the hypothesis that genetic diversity influences EPP: extra-pair offspring were more heterozygous than within-pair offspring. However, the two populations did not differ in genetic diversity, and neither the heterozygosity of social fathers nor within-pair relatedness predicted EPP. These results are consistent with recent comparative studies suggesting that breeding density is not a critical driver of EPP rates, and that not all tropical songbirds exhibit low rates of EPP.</p>
Fig. 2b in Aggregation and negative interactions in low-diversity and unsaturated monogenean (Platyhelminthes) communities in Astyanax aeneus (Teleostei) populations in a neotropical river of Mexico
Fig. 2b. Resemblance (Jaccard index) between components of community (August).
Fig. 2a in Aggregation and negative interactions in low-diversity and unsaturated monogenean (Platyhelminthes) communities in Astyanax aeneus (Teleostei) populations in a neotropical river of Mexico
Fig. 2a. Resemblance (Jaccard index) between components of community (February).
Fig. 6 in Evidence for cryptic diversity in the Neotropical water snake, Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dipsadidae, Hydropsini), with comments on its ecology, facultative reproductive mode, and conservation
Fig. 6. The lectotype of Natrix asper Wagler. Photos by Michael Franzen.
Fig. 7 in Evidence for cryptic diversity in the Neotropical water snake, Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dipsadidae, Hydropsini), with comments on its ecology, facultative reproductive mode, and conservation
Fig. 7. The holotype of Helicops fumigatus Cope, 1868. Photo by Ned Gilmore.
Fig. 4. NRM 17 in Evidence for cryptic diversity in the Neotropical water snake, Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dipsadidae, Hydropsini), with comments on its ecology, facultative reproductive mode, and conservation
Fig. 4. NRM 17, the holotype for Helicops angulatus. Photo courtesy of NRM.
supplementary atherial of article Pleistocene aquatic refuges support the east-west breakage of the Neotropical catfish Trichomycterinae (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) and high diversity in the Magdalena, Guiana, and Paraná-Paraguay basins
<p>Figure S1. Phylogenetic tree original of Trichomycterinae based on 566 cytochrome b sequences (405 haplotypes) with 999bp. Bayesian Inference with values above each branch correspond to the branch consistency index (BPP); Figure S2. Phylogenetic tree original of Trichomycterinae based on 566 cytochrome b sequences (405 haplotypes) with 999bp. Bayesian Inference with values above each branch correspond to age for clades, as well as the margin of error demonstrated in node bars; Figure S3. Phylogenetic tree original of Trichomycterinae based on 566 cytochrome b sequences (405 haplotypes) with 999bp. Maximum Likelihood with values above each branch correspond to the branch consistency index (ML bootstrap); Table S1: Sequences used in the present study with their respective locations, references, haplotypes, and clades according to the phylogenetic tree in figure 2; Table S2: Type locality of the species nominally allocated to Trichomycterus and of the type species of the nine genera of Trichomycterinae. Type species in asterisk.; Table S3A: Table with percentages of K2P pairwise genetic distances between the subclades of Trichomycterus sensu stricto. Values in diagonal (below, dark grey) correspond to the genetic distance between clades by category. Values above (above, blue) refer to the respective standard errors. Bold values on the diagonal refer to the intraclade distance (1 to 31, as referenced in Table S1 and S3C); Table S3B: Genetic divergence range, by category, and occurrence within subclades. genera and subfamily; Table S3C: List of Alphabetical clade code and respective genus/species and numerical subclade code with respective species.</p>
An elevational phylogeographic diversity gradient in Neotropical birds is decoupled from speciation rates
<p>A key question about macroevolutionary speciation rates is whether they are controlled by microevolutionary processes operating at the population level. For example, does spatial variation in population genetic differentiation underlie geographical gradients in speciation rates? Previous work suggests speciation rates increase with elevation in Neotropical birds, but underlying population-level gradients remain unexplored. Here, we characterize elevational phylogeographic diversity between montane and lowland birds in the megadiverse Andes-Amazonian system and assess its relationship to speciation rates to evaluate the link between population-level differentiation and species-level diversification. We aggregated and georeferenced nearly 7000 mitochondrial DNA sequences across 103 species or species complexes in the Andes and Amazonia and used these sequences to describe phylogeographic differentiation across both regions. Our results show increased levels of both discrete and continuous metrics of population structure in the Andean mountains compared to the Amazonian lowlands. However, higher levels of population differentiation do not predict higher rates of speciation in our dataset. Multiple potential factors may lead to our observed decoupling of initial population divergence and speciation rates, including the ephemerality of incipient species and the multifaceted nature of the speciation process, as well as methodological challenges associated with estimating rates of population differentiation and speciation.</p>
Data from: Extra-pair paternity correlates with genetic diversity, but not breeding density, in a Neotropical passerine, the Black Catbird
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Phylogenetic and ecological correlates of pollen morphological diversity in a neotropical rainforest
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An elevational phylogeographic diversity gradient in Neotropical birds is decoupled from speciation rates
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Data from: Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes)
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Disentangling the effects of latitudinal and elevational gradients on bee, wasp, and ant diversity in an ancient Neotropical mountain range
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Underestimated Neotropical diversity: Integrative taxonomy reveals two unrelated look-alike species in a suboscine bird (Pachyramphus albogriseus)
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Evolutionary history of Neotropical savannas geographically concentrates species, phylogenetic and functional diversity of lizards
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Data from: Historical field records reveal habitat as an ecological correlate of locomotor phenotypic diversity in the radiation of Neotropical Geophagini fishes
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Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran assemblages across habitats and seasons in a Neotropical savanna
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Historical legacies and contemporary processes shape beta diversity in Neotropical montane streams
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.