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Figure 12 from: Knee W (2017) New Macrocheles species (Acari, Mesostigmata, Macrochelidae) associated with burying beetles (Silphidae, Nicrophorus) in North America. ZooKeys 721: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.721.21747

Figure 12 - Female Macrocheles kaiju sp. n. legs I–IV, coxae omitted; leg I anterolateral, II posterolateral, III and IV dorsal.

Figure 11 from: Knee W (2017) New Macrocheles species (Acari, Mesostigmata, Macrochelidae) associated with burying beetles (Silphidae, Nicrophorus) in North America. ZooKeys 721: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.721.21747

Figure 11 - Female Macrocheles kaiju sp. n. A subcapitulum and palp, ventral aspect B chelicera, antiaxial aspect C epistome D tritosternum.

Figure 7 from: Knee W (2017) New Macrocheles species (Acari, Mesostigmata, Macrochelidae) associated with burying beetles (Silphidae, Nicrophorus) in North America. ZooKeys 721: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.721.21747

Figure 7 - Female Macrocheles pratum sp. n. A subcapitulum and palp, ventral aspect B chelicera, antiaxial aspect C epistome D tritosternum.

Figure 4 from: Knee W (2017) New Macrocheles species (Acari, Mesostigmata, Macrochelidae) associated with burying beetles (Silphidae, Nicrophorus) in North America. ZooKeys 721: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.721.21747

Figure 4 - Female Macrocheles willowae sp. n. legs I–IV, coxae omitted; leg I anterolateral, II posterolateral, III dorsal, IV anterolateral.

opennotspecifiedSep 2001View details →

Table 1 in Effect Of Parental Care On The Duration Of Larval Development And Offspring Survival In Nicrophorus Mexicanus Matthews (Coleoptera: Silphidae)

<p><b>Table 1.</b> Percentage of offspring survival in <i>N. mexicanus</i> in the three experimental groups. ni = number initial of larvae hatching for group. L1 = first instar larvae, L2 = second instar larvae, L3 = third instar larvae, pp = prepupae, p = pupae.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Offspring Survival (%)</th><th>)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Treatment groups</th><td>ni</td><td>L1L2 L3PP PPP</td></tr><tr><th>1) Control: parental care</th><td>390</td><td>97</td><td>90 70</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><th>2) With Broodmass. Parents removed prehatching</th><td>468</td><td>95</td><td>89 60</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><th>3) Without care parental: with fresh meat, broodmass</th><td>351</td><td>90</td><td>77 28</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><th>no present and parents removed prehatching</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

opennotspecifiedSep 2001View details →

Table 2 in Effect Of Parental Care On The Duration Of Larval Development And Offspring Survival In Nicrophorus Mexicanus Matthews (Coleoptera: Silphidae)

<p><b>Table 2.</b> Significant differences in the variation the number of offspring surviving to adult emergence between three experimental groups.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Compared groups</th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><td>Difference</td><td>SE</td><td>Q</td><td>Q0.05 P <005</td></tr><tr><th>1 vs 3 1 vs 2</th><td>28.13–12.78 = 15.35 28.13–25.93 = 2.2</td><td>4.77 4.68</td><td>3.218 0.47</td><td>2.394 2.394</td><td>*</td></tr><tr><th>2 vs 3</th><td>25.93–12.78 = 13.15</td><td>4.77</td><td>2.75</td><td>2.394</td><td>*</td></tr><tr><th>Experimental groups</th><td>1</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>average ranges sample size</th><td>28.13 15</td><td></td><td>25.93 14</td><td>12.78 15</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><p>* indicate a significant difference.</p>

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

No evidence for increased fitness of offspring from multigenerational effects of parental size or natal carcass size in the burying beetle Nicrophorus marginatus

<p>Multigenerational effects (often called maternal effects) are components of the offspring phenotype that result from the parental phenotype and the parental environment as opposed to heritable genetic effects. Multigenerational effects are widespread in nature and are often studied because of their potentially important effects on offspring traits. Although multigenerational effects are commonly observed, few studies have addressed whether they affect offspring fitness. In this study we assess the effect of potential multigenerational effects of parental body size and natal carcass size on lifetime fitness in the burying beetle, <i>Nicrophorus marginatus</i> (Coleoptera; Silphidae). Lifespan, total number of offspring, and number of offspring in the first reproductive bout were not significantly related to parental body size or natal carcass size. However, current carcass size used for reproduction was a significant predictor for lifetime number of offspring and number of offspring in the first brood. We find no evidence that multigenerational effects from larger parents or larger natal carcasses contribute to increased fitness of offspring.</p>

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Data for: Larval environmental conditions influence plasticity in resource use by adults in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Recent studies have shown that intraspecific patterns of phenotypic plasticity can mirror patterns of evolutionary diversification among species. This appears to be the case in <i>Nicrophorus </i>beetles. Within species, body size is positively correlated with the size of carrion used to provision larvae and parental performance. Likewise, among species, variation in body size influences whether species exploit smaller or larger carrion and the extent to which larvae depend on parental care. However, it is unclear whether developmental plasticity in response to carcass size, parental care, or both underlie transitions to new carcass niches. We examined this by testing whether variation in the conditions experienced by <i>N. vespilloides </i>larvae influenced their ability to breed efficiently upon differently sized carcasses as adults. We found that the conditions experienced by larvae during development played a critical role in determining their ability to use large carcasses effectively as adults. Specifically, individuals that developed with parental care and on large carcasses were best able to convert the resources on a large carcass into offspring when breeding themselves. Our results suggest that parentally-induced plasticity can be important in the initial stages of niche expansion.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p> </p>

Figure 2 from: Sikes D, Mousseau T (2013) Description of Nicrophorus efferens, new species, from Bougainville Island (Coleoptera, Silphidae, Nicrophorinae). ZooKeys 311: 83-93. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.311.5141

Figure 2 - Scanning electron micrographs of elytral microsculpture. A Nicrophorus efferens paratype BPBM124191Nic, 500×, scale bar is 100 µm B Nicrophorus efferens 1500×, scale bar is 30 µm C Nicrophorus reticulatus 500× scale bar is 100 µm D Nicrophorus reticulatus 1500× scale bar is 30 µm.

Figure 1 from: Sikes D, Mousseau T (2013) Description of Nicrophorus efferens, new species, from Bougainville Island (Coleoptera, Silphidae, Nicrophorinae). ZooKeys 311: 83-93. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.311.5141

Figure 1 - All georeferenced records for Nicrophorus efferens (black square), Nicrophorus kieticus (black circles) and Nicrophorus reticulatus (white triangle) in the Solomon Islands archipelago.

Figure 4 from: Sikes D, Mousseau T (2013) Description of Nicrophorus efferens, new species, from Bougainville Island (Coleoptera, Silphidae, Nicrophorinae). ZooKeys 311: 83-93. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.311.5141

Figure 4 - Genitalia. Female ovipositor (paratype BPBM124190Nic), A lateral B dorsal. Scale bar is 1 mm. Male aedeagus (holotype BPBM124189Nic) C lateral D dorsal. Scale bar is 500 µm.

Figure 3 from: Sikes D, Mousseau T (2013) Description of Nicrophorus efferens, new species, from Bougainville Island (Coleoptera, Silphidae, Nicrophorinae). ZooKeys 311: 83-93. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.311.5141

Figure 3 - Dorsal and lateral habitus of adult males (at different scales). A small male (pronotal width 5.02 mm) with aedeagus everted, Nicrophorus efferens (holotype BPBM124189Nic), scale bar is 2 mm, fifth protarsomeres are missing B large male (pronotal width 6.6 mm) Nicrophorus reticulatus (paratype BMNH000826), scale bar is 5 mm C small male (pronotal width 5.19 mm) Nicrophorus kieticus (BMNH000809Nic) scale bar is 5 mm.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Gene expression of neurotransmitter receptors over reproductive cycle of Nicrophorus vespilloides

<p>Understanding genetic influences of traits in non-model organisms is crucial to understanding how novel traits arise. Do new traits require new genes, or are old genes repurposed? How predictable is this process? Here we examine this question for gene expression influencing parenting behavior in a beetle, <i>Nicrophorus</i> <i>vespilloides</i>. Parental care, produced from many individual behaviors, should be influenced by changes of expression of multiple genes and one suggestion is that the genes can be predicted based on knowledge of behavior expected to be precursors to parental care, such as, aggression, resource defense, and mating on a resource. Thus, testing gene expression during parental care allows us to test expectations of this "precursor hypothesis" for multiple genes and traits. We tested for changes of the expression of serotonin, octopamine/tyramine, and dopamine receptors, as well as, one glutamate receptor, predicting that these gene families would be differentially expressed during social interactions with offspring and associated resource defense. We found that serotonin receptors were strongly associated with social and aggression behavioral transitions. Octopamine receptors produced a complex picture of gene expression over a reproductive cycle. Dopamine was not associated with the behavioral transitions sampled here, while the glutamate receptor was most consistent with a behavioral change of resource defense/aggression. Our results generate new hypotheses, refine candidate lists for further studies, and inform the genetic mechanisms that are co-opted during the evolution of parent-offspring interactions, a likely evolutionary path for many lineages that become fully social. The precursor hypothesis, while not perfect, does provide a starting point for identifying candidate genes.</p>