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FIGURE 8 in A new Stomatorhinus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Ivindo River, Gabon, West Central Africa

FIGURE 8. Scores from types of S. ivindoensis n. sp. and five other Stomatorhinus species on the second and third factors of a principal components analysis of the covariance matrix calculated from 24 logtransformed morphometric measures. Twelve nontype specimens of S. walkeri and one nontype of S. polli included. Variables loading most heavily on the second principal component are caudal peduncle depth, interorbital distance and internostril distance. Variables loading most heavily on the third principal component are eye diameter, postorbital head length and caudal

FIGURE 6 in A new Stomatorhinus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Ivindo River, Gabon, West Central Africa

FIGURE 6. Species of Stomatorhinus to which Stomatorhinus ivindoensis n. sp. is closely compared in study: (A) S. walkeri syntype BMNH 1867.5. 3.16, 85.6 mm SL; (B) S. walkeri live specimen no. 2880, CU 80237, 95 mm SL; (C) S. fuliginosus syntype MRAC 6652, 37.7 mm SL; (D) S. fuliginosus syntype MRAC 6648, 33.5 mm SL; (E) S. polli paratype MRAC 138993, 61.3 mm SL; (F) S. polli paratype MRAC 138977, 58.7 mm SL.

FIGURE 5 in A new Stomatorhinus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Ivindo River, Gabon, West Central Africa

FIGURE 5. EOD waveforms (left) and power spectra (right) for Stomatorhinus ivindoensis n. sp. The holotype of S. ivindoensis, a male, is shown in A and B. Peaks are numbered in order from P 0 to P 3. EOD waveforms are centered about the largest headnegative peak and plotted with head positivity upward. Power spectra are normalized so that the peak energy is adjusted to 0 dB. EODs of reproductive males (E, F) are longer in duration and have a lower peak power frequency than those of females (C, D). Individual specimen numbers are indicated beneath waveforms; F = female, M = male, H = holotype. Time base = 0.1 millisecond.

FIGURE 4 in A new Stomatorhinus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Ivindo River, Gabon, West Central Africa

FIGURE 4. Typical forest creek habitat of Stomatorhinus ivindoensis n. sp.: upper " Balé Creek " within the Ipassa Plateau Reserve near Makokou, Gabon.

FIGURE 3 in A new Stomatorhinus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Ivindo River, Gabon, West Central Africa

FIGURE 3. Collection sites of Stomatorhinus ivindoensis n. sp. (circles) and S. walkeri (triangles) in the Ivindo and Ogooué River basins of Gabon and the KouilouNiari basin of the Republic of Congo. Shaded areas delimit the boundary of the Lower Guinea ichthyofaunal province of West Central Africa.

FIGURE 1 in A new Stomatorhinus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Ivindo River, Gabon, West Central Africa

FIGURE 1. Drawing of Stomatorhinus ivindoensis n. sp. holotype, 43.8 mm SL. Drawn by Vera Ming Wong.

FIGURE 2 in A new Stomatorhinus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Ivindo River, Gabon, West Central Africa

FIGURE 2. Photograph (A) and radiograph (B) of preserved holotype of Stomatorhinus ivindoensis n. sp., CU 85157, 43.8 mm SL, male; (C) live paratype specimen no. 1004, CU 75437, 40.8 mm SL, male; (D) preserved paratype, CU 85465, 52.2 mm SL, female.

FIGURE 15 in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 15. Petrocephalus phylogeny (17 species, 59 specimens, 53 haplotypes) estimated by maximum likelihood using complete cytochrome b sequences (dataset #1; see text). Gnathonemus petersii, Mormyrops nigricans and Myomyrus macrops were used as outgroups to root the tree. Numbers at internal branches are bootstrap proportions (in %) shown only when they exceed 50%. Due to space limitations, support values are not shown for intraspecific relationships. Black vertical bars to the right of the tree indicate specimens sampled from Odzala. White bars (with the river basins from which the specimens were collected) indicate Petrocephalus individuals from other regions of Africa. The scale bar corresponds to 0.04 substitutions per site.

FIGURE 9 in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 9. Petrocephalus christyi of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each of two recorded individuals, and they were superimposed together. Both EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as an overlay centered on the largest positive peak (scale bar = 0.2 msec).

FIGURE 11. Petrocephalus pulsivertens n in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 11. Petrocephalus pulsivertens n. sp. of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of the preserved holotype (CU 88085; scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec).

FIGURE 13. Petrocephalus mbossou n in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 13. Petrocephalus mbossou n. sp. of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Live photograph of the holotype (CU 92389; no scale). B. Photograph of the preserved holotype (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveform of the holotype. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from all recordings made of this individual. The selected EOD is shown here head-positive up (scale bar = 0.2 msec).

FIGURE 7 in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 7. Petrocephalus microphthalmus of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec).

FIGURE 1 in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 1. Map of Africa (right) showing the entire Congo River and its main tributaries together with the neighboring Lower Guinea province (first inset at center). The boundary between the Congo and Lower Guinea provinces is shown by a dashed line. Filled black circles indicate type localities for all Petrocephalus species that were described from either province and were considered valid just prior to the present study. Exact type localities are unknown for P. b a l a y i and P. sauvagii. Based on our understanding of the chronology of Central African exploration at the time of the descriptions, we estimate these type localities to be the following: the vicinity of Pool Malebo on the Lower Congo River near the modern cities of Brazzaville and Kinshasa [4.25° S, 15.29° E] for P. sauvagii; and the vicinity of the present-day city Lambaréné on the Lower Ogooué River [0.7° S, 10.22° E] for P. b a l a y i. Second inset at the far left: detailed map of Odzala National Park, located in the Congo River basin. Within the boundaries of the park, forest is shown in green and savannah in yellow. The red oval indicates our collection area (a segment of the Lékoli drainage system, including the lower parts of two of its tributaries, the Pandaka and Lékénie Rivers).

FIGURE 4. Petrocephalus zakoni n in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 4. Petrocephalus zakoni n. sp. of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of the preserved holotype (CU 88101; scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec).

FIGURE 5. Petrocephalus valentini n in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 5. Petrocephalus valentini n. sp. of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of the preserved holotype (CU 88117; scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec).

FIGURE 12 in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 12. Petrocephalus grandoculis of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveform. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from the only individual of this species recorded in Odzala, an obvious male. The EOD is shown here head-positive up (scale bar = 0.2 msec).

FIGURE 14 in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 14. Historical illustrations of Petrocephalus species described from Congo or Lower Guinea that occur in Odzala. The drawings were reproduced from the following sources: Petrocephalus binotatus from Pellegrin (1928); Petrocephalus balayi from Boulenger (1909–1916); Petrocephalus microphthalmus from Poll (1967); Petrocephalus christyi from Boulenger (1920); Petrocephalus sauvagii from Boulenger (1909–1916); and Petrocephalus grandoculis from Boulenger (1920).

FIGURE 10 in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 10. Petrocephalus sauvagii of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec).

FIGURE 6 in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 6. Petrocephalus balayi of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms. One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each of two recorded individuals, and they were superimposed together. Both EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as an overlay centered on the largest positive peak (scale bar = 0.2 msec).

FIGURE 3 in African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

FIGURE 3. Petrocephalus binotatus of the Lékoli River system of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo. A. Photograph of a live specimen (no scale: the photo has been maximally enlarged to better illustrate details of body shape, melanin patterning, etc.). B. Photograph of a preserved specimen (scale bar = 1.0 cm). C. EOD waveforms displayed separately for obvious males and other individuals (see text). One EOD was arbitrarily selected from each recorded individual and superimposed with the other recordings (N = number of individuals, given separately for obvious males and all other individuals). All EODs are scaled to the same peak-to-peak voltage, and they are plotted (head-positive up) on the same time scale as overlays centered on the largest positive peak of each waveform (scale bar = 0.2 msec).