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634 results for “Plant invasions”
Linked collectors and determiners for: Invasive Alien plant species of Malawi.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Invasive Alien plant species of Malawi". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6183f1f7-0513-4587-bee6-cad11e23002d">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6183f1f7-0513-4587-bee6-cad11e23002d</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6183f1f7-0513-4587-bee6-cad11e23002d">https://gbif.org/dataset/6183f1f7-0513-4587-bee6-cad11e23002d</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Distribution of Alien Invasive Plants in Cuba.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Distribution of Alien Invasive Plants in Cuba". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/63cdad4e-75f8-4295-93a0-38627da5b409">https://bionomia.net/dataset/63cdad4e-75f8-4295-93a0-38627da5b409</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/63cdad4e-75f8-4295-93a0-38627da5b409">https://gbif.org/dataset/63cdad4e-75f8-4295-93a0-38627da5b409</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: A tale of two studies: detection and attribution of the impacts of invasive plants in observational surveys
1.Short-term experiments cannot characterize how long-lived, invasive shrubs influence ecological properties that can be slow to change, including native diversity and soil fertility. Observational studies are thus necessary, but often suffer from methodological issues. 2.To highlight ways of improving the design and interpretation of observational studies that assess the impacts of invasive plants, we compare two studies of nutrient cycling and earthworms along two separate gradients of invasive shrub abundance. By considering the divergent sampling strategies and statistical analyses of these two studies, and interpreting their contradictory results in the context of other studies, we also aim to better describe the impacts of the focal invader, Rhamnus cathartica. 3.In a new study of a single site in Minnesota, we observed positive correlations between buckthorn abundance and soil pH, soil nutrient pools, nutrient fluxes through leaf litterfall, earthworm abundance, and root biomass. Multiple regression models showed these relationships persisted after accounting for variability in soil texture and tree species composition. For a separate, more expansive study in Illinois, other authors reported little to no correlation between buckthorn abundance and 10 soil properties, including earthworm abundance, pH, and nutrient concentrations. However, like many other studies, their regression models only assessed predictors related to invader abundance. R2 values for models of ecosystem properties ranged from 0-0.79 (adjusted-R2) for our study in Minnesota and from <0.05-0.16 (unadjusted) for the prior study in Illinois. 4.Differences in sampling error and use of predictor variables between the two studies likely explain the contrasting results. 5.Synthesis and applications. To reduce the uncertainty of conclusions from observational studies of invasive plants, future studies must ensure that heterogeneity of soils and vegetation is adequately accounted for in the sampling strategy and statistical analyses (e.g., analysis of covariance, multiple regression). Particular attention should be given to ecosystem properties with variability that likely predates the invader (e.g., geophysical features and tree community composition). In our study, effects of buckthorn on ecosystem properties were not only robust to the inclusion of potentially confounding predictors, but also consistent with expectations based on ecological stoichiometry and mass balance of element flow.
Object-based image analysis for monitoring plant invasions, can we use an open-source solution?
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>This is a practical exercise testing possibilities of open-source solutions (FOSS) for object-based image analysis (OBIA) to monitor plant invasion using unoccupied aerial system (UAS, drone).</p> <p>The material is accompanying a chapter <strong><em>Müllerová, J. et al. (2023). Vegetation mapping and monitoring by unoccupied aerial systems – current state and perspectives. In: Manfreda, S. et Eyal B.D. (eds). Unmanned Aerial Systems for Monitoring Soil, Vegetation, and Riverine Environments. Elsevier.</em></strong></p> <p>The material is meant for readers to run the workflow and detect invasion of giant hogweed on the UAS data themselves testing different FOSS solutions.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data</strong></p> <p>• a subset of UAS-borne data (consumer camera) collected in Czech Republic during the flowering of a noxious invasive plant species giant hogweed (<em>Heracleum mantegazzianum</em>)</p> <p>• training dataset</p> <p>• eCognition rulebase (proprietary OBIA software)</p> <p>• a script for SegOptim package implemented in R</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>The use case represents a simple application of OBIA approach based on the SegOptim package implemented in R.</p> <p>Four bands (RGBN) UAS image subset are available, capturing the central area of a heavily invaded location (CZ) by giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum). Thanks to the proper image timing, the invasive species is clearly observable as white objects (in RGB) representing the various stage of the blossom. Considering the complex shape of the flower heads, detection based on image segmentation outperforms pixel-based classification (Müllerová et al., 2017). Simple segmentation of input imagery is performed (for simplicity only the spectral bands are considered both for segmentation and feature space definition, however additional features such as vegetation indices or textural measures may be included), followed by supervised classification using training data. Finally, a visual comparison of result detection both from proprietary (eCognition) and open-source (SegOptim) implementation is provided, confirming comparable results.</p> <p>Based on #github("joaofgoncalves/SegOptim")</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Gonçalves, J., Pôças, I., Marcos, B., Mücher, C. A., & Honrado, J. P. (2019). SegOptim—A new R package for optimizing object-based image analyses of high-spatial resolution remotely-sensed data. <em>International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation</em>, <em>76</em>, 218-230.</p> <p>Müllerová, J., Brůna, J., Bartaloš, T., Dvořák, P., Vítková, M. & Pyšek, P. (2017b). Timing Is Important: Unmanned Aircraft vs. Satellite Imagery in Plant Invasion Monitoring. Frontiers in Plant Science 8:1–13.</p> <p>Accompanying material for</p> <p>Müllerová, J. et al. (2023). Vegetation mapping and monitoring by unoccupied aerial systems – current state and perspectives. In: Manfreda, S. et Eyal B.D. (eds). Unmanned Aerial Systems for Monitoring Soil, Vegetation, and Riverine Environments. Elsevier</p>
Data from: Invasive plants have greater growth than co-occurring natives in live soil subjected to a drought-rewetting treatment
<p>Although several studies indicate that invasive plant species respond more negatively to drought than native plant species, little remains understood of how and whether drought-rewetting events may affect growth of invasive and co-occurring native plant species both directly and indirectly through soil microorganisms. In a fully crossed factorial design, we grew individuals of four congeneric pairs of invasive and native plant species in 2.5 L pots that contained live or sterilized field soil under one of three drought treatments: no-drought, drought, drought-rewetting. Results show that drought caused a significantly greater decline in total biomass of invasive plants than that of native plants regardless of the presence of live soil microorganisms. However, total biomass of the invasive plants exhibited a greater recovery from drought following rewetting than did that of the native plant species. Moreover, the recovery from drought in invasive species tended to be stronger in live soil than in sterilized soil, while for the native plants, recovery from drought was stronger in sterilized soil than in live soil. Overall, these results suggest that soil biota may enable invasive plants to grow larger than co-occurring native plant species in ecosystems that experience cycles of drought and rewetting.</p>
Short-term effects of the control of an invasive plant Asclepias syriaca: secondary invasion of other neophytes instead of the recovery of native species
<p>Data sets to article: "Short-term effects of the control of an invasive plant <em>Asclepias syriaca</em>: secondary invasion of other neophytes instead of the recovery of native species".</p> <p>We studied the impact of <em>Asclepias syriaca</em>, a non-native herb species, on basic soil attributes and vegetation composition in sandy grasslands and the effect of mechanical control of this species. The <em>Asclepias </em>invasion changed the vegetation composition, but not the studied soil attributes. The shot-term cutting suppressed <em>Asclepias</em>, but instead of the recovery of native species, secondary invasion by other alien species occurred.</p>
Cultivated alien plants with high invasion potential are more likely to be traded online in China
<p>Biological invasions have become a worldwide problem, and measures to efficiently prevent and control invasions are still being developed. Like many other parts of the world, China is undergoing a dramatic increase in plant invasions. Most of the currently 933 established (i.e., naturalized) plant species, of which 214 are categorized as invasive, have been introduced into China for cultivation. It is likely that many of those species are still being traded, particularly online, by plant nurseries. However, studies assessing whether naturalized and invasive species are currently being traded more or less than non-naturalized aliens are rare. We extracted online-trade information for 13,718 cultivated alien plant taxa on 1688.com, the largest website for domestic B2B in China. We analyzed how the presence in online-nursery catalogues, the number of online nurseries that offer the species for sale, and the product type (i.e., seeds, live plants and vegetative organs) differed among non-naturalized, naturalized non-invasive and invasive species. Compared to non-naturalized taxa, naturalized non-invasive and invasive taxa were 3.7 to 5.2 times more likely available for sale. Naturalized non-invasive and invasive taxa were more frequently offered as seeds by online nurseries, whereas non-naturalized taxa were more frequently offered as live plants. Based on these findings, we propose that, to reduce the further spread of invasive and potentially invasive plants, implementation of plant-trade regulations and a monitoring system of the online horticultural supply chain will be essential.</p>
Take me for a ride: herbivores can facilitate plant re-invasions
<p>Herbivores shape plant invasions through impacts on demography and dispersal, yet only demographic mechanisms are well understood. Although herbivores negatively impact demography by definition, they can affect dispersal either negatively (e.g. seed consumption), or positively (e.g. caching). Exploring the nuances of how herbivores influence spatial spread will improve forecasting of plant movement on the landscape. Here, we aim to understand how herbivores impact how fast plant populations spread through varying impacts on plant demography and dispersal. We strive to determine if, and under what conditions, we see net positive effects of herbivores, in order to find scenarios where herbivores can help promote spread. We draw on classic invasion theory to develop a stage-structured integrodifference equation model that incorporates herbivore impacts on plant demography and dispersal. We simulate seven herbivore `syndromes' (combinations of demographic and/or dispersal effects) drawn from the literature to understand how increasing herbivore pressure alters plant spreading speed. We find that herbivores with solely negative effects on plant demography or dispersal always slow plant spreading speed, and that the speed slows monotonically as herbivore pressure increases. However, we also find that plant spreading speed can be hump-shaped with respect to herbivore pressure: plants spread faster in the presence of herbivores (for low herbivore pressure) and then slower (for high herbivore pressure). This result is robust, occurring across all syndromes where herbivores have a positive effect on plant dispersal, and is a sign that the positive effects of herbivores on dispersal can outweigh their negative effects on demography. For all syndromes we find that sufficiently high herbivore pressure results in population collapse. Thus, our findings show that herbivores can speed up or slow down plant spread. These insights allow for greater understanding of how to slow invasions, facilitate native species recolonization, and shape range shifts with global change. </p>
Data from: Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant invasion success driven by nitrogen fluctuations
<p>Both enemies and mutualists play crucial roles in shaping plant invasion processes. Recent studies have suggested that resource fluctuations could indirectly promote plant invasion through higher trophic levels, such as enemies. However, the influence of mutualists like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant invasion under nitrogen fluctuations remains untested.</p> <p>We conducted a pot-mesocosm experiment using a three-factorial experimental design to assess the individual and interactive effects of nitrogen availability, nitrogen fluctuation and AMF on invasive success of alien plants. We grew nine invasive alien species alongside five different native communities in pot-mesocosms. These were then subjected to varied nitrogen availabilities (low vs high), nitrogen fluctuations (constant vs pulsed), and AMF presence or absence within a sterile substrate.</p> <p>We found that pulsed nitrogen supply increased the dominance of invasive alien species in low-nitrogen availability, regardless of the presence or absence of AMF inoculation. However, in high-nitrogen availability, pulsed nitrogen supply only enhanced this dominance in pots without AMF-inoculation. This was tentatively evidenced by the three-way interaction among nitrogen-availability, nitrogen-fluctuation and AMF-inoculation treatments. Furthermore, the dominance promotion by nitrogen addition was greater than that by AMF inoculation.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our findings present, for the first time, evidence that AMF may play a crucial role in mediating the promotion effects of nitrogen fluctuations on alien plant invasion. To better understand the invasion process of alien plants and evaluate their impact on native communities, future research should integrate abiotic and biotic drivers into a single framework. Furthermore, our findings underscore the importance of prioritizing habitats with higher nutrient availability and variability for protection against alien plant invasions.</p>
Data from: Artificial nighttime lighting and herbivory interactively reduce the biomass production of invasive plants while enhancing that of native plants
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Data from: Predicting invasion success of cultivated naturalized plants in China
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Data from: Restoration of native saltmarshes can reverse arthropod assemblages and trophic interactions changed by a plant invasion
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Data from: Effects of the control of an invasive tree on the structure of a plant-frugivore network
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The more microplastic types pollute the soil, the stronger the growth suppression of invasive alien and native plants
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Data from: Plant, insect, and soil microbial communities vary across brome invasion gradients in northern mixed-grass prairies
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Take me for a ride: herbivores can facilitate plant re-invasions
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Data from: A tale of two studies: detection and attribution of the impacts of invasive plants in observational surveys
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Introduction history mediates naturalization and invasiveness of cultivated plants
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Data from: Invasive plants have greater growth than co-occurring natives in live soil subjected to a drought-rewetting treatment
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Data from: Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant invasion success driven by nitrogen fluctuations
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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