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Fig. 11 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 11. Equal area plots, Zijderveld diagrams and thermomagnetic curves for samples of the Hajigabul section. Equal are plots for: B. The low temperature component (20 oC-300 o C, LT_N): in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); E. All normal ChRM directions - in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); F. All reversed ChRM directions - in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); G. All mean directions for all reversed (MT_R and HT_R), all normal (HT_N and MT_N) and LT_N groups; L. Remagnetized samples marked as "Full overprint" (FO) - in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); A, C, H- Characteristic Zijderveld diagrams for various samples. D, M - thermomagnetic runs for various samples; Zijderveld diagrams with separate (H) and overlapped (I) demagnetization of two components. J - Zijderveld diagram given for one sample measured with different techniques: th - thermally demagnetized, af - demagnetized in alternating field.

Fig. 6 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 6. Equal area plots, Zijderveld diagrams and thermomagnetic curves for samples from the Goychay section. Equal area plots for: B. The low temperature component (20 o C-300 o C, LT_N): all LT_N direction in situ and in tectonic coordinates; C. Isolated group of LT_N directions; E. The medium temperature component with reversed directions (330 o C-400 oC, MT_R), in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); I. High temperature component (440 o C-580 o C (670 oC), HT_R) with reversed directions, in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); J. High temperaturecomponent (440 o C-580 o C (670 oC), HT_N) with normal directions, in situ and in tectonic coordinates (tc); N. All reversed direction (MT_R and HT_R) in tectonic coordinates; O. All mean directions for all reversed (MT_R and HT_R), LT_N and HT_N groups; A, D, G and H - characteristic Zijderveld diagrams; F, K, L and M - characteristic thermomagnetic runs for various samples.

Fig. 5. Selected gastropods from the Goychay section. A in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 5. Selected gastropods from the Goychay section. A. Theodoxus pallasi; B. Theodoxus pallasi; C. Laevicaspia sp. D. Laevicaspia subcaspia; E. Caspia apsheronica; F. Caspia sp.; G. Clessiniola cf. subvariabilis; H. Ecrobia cf. grimmi; I. Laevicaspia subcaspia; J. Melanopsis bergeroni; K. Lymnaea sp.; L. Turricaspia sp.; M. Laevicaspia sp.; N. Streptocerella sp.; O. Gyraulus sp.; P. Valvata sp. (Scale bars 1 mm).

Fig. 4 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 4. Selected bivalve species and charophyta from the Goychay section: A. Dreissena carinatocurva; B. Dreissena rostriformis; C. Dreissena polymorpha; D. Pseudocatillus sp.; E. Didacnomya sp.; F. Apscheronia propinqua; G. Corbicula fluminea (paired bivalve); H. Corbicula fluminea; I. Monodacna sp. 1; J. Monodacna sp. 1; K. Adacna sp; L. Oogonium of charophyta. (Scale bars 1 mm).

Fig. 10. Middle Pleistocene Didacna species from the Hajigabul section. Scale bar 5 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 10. Middle Pleistocene Didacna species from the Hajigabul section. Scale bar 5 mm. A-B. Didacna bergi (1954 m, early Khazarian); C-G. D. parvula (1795 m, Late Bakunian); H-I. D. cf carditoides (1795 m, Late Bakunian); J-K. Didacna sp (1795 m, Late Bakunian).

Fig. 9 in Magneto-biostratigraphic age constraints on the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the South Caspian basin during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (Kura basin, Azerbaijan)

Fig. 9. Mollusc fauna from the Akchagylian clay interval in the Hajigabul section. Scale bar 5 mm. (a). Cardiidae sp. A. (428 m); (b-d). Cardiidae sp. B. (395 m); (e-g). Cardiidae sp. (395 m); (h, i). Avicardium nikitini (395 m); ((i) is a reconstruction); (j) Pirenella caspia (288 m).

Fig. 17 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 17. Retouched artefacts from the Holocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from units 1a and 1b except M10/11-1 (unit 1c). Steep-edged scrapers: N11/9-2, N6/5-3, N10/5-3. Notched implements: N9/4-3, QR9/1-9, N10/4-8. Endscraper: M10/11-1.

Fig. 18. Group 2 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 18. Group 2 retouched artefacts from the Holocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from units 1a and 1b. Geometric microliths: top row (1–8). Thumbnail scrapers: QR9/3-4, N10/3-1, Z10/2-1, N9/3-11, M9/2-14. Tula adze slugs: M10/1-4, M9/2-3, N5/4-1. (M10/1-4 is the largest tula in this assemblage). Burren adze slug: Z9/9-2. Endscrapers: N6/3-2, Z9/5-2. (Z9/5-2 has usepolish and rounding on the distal end, and fine overhang removal scars along the platform edge).

Fig. 16 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 16. Large flake implements from late Pleistocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from unit 2a, except N13/20-1 (unit 2b). Steep-edged scrapers: N11/19-1, N11/22-2, QR9/8-11, N12/14-3. Amorphous retouched artefacts: N5/15-12, M11/18-1, N11/19-3. Notched implements: N13/20-1, N11/21-2. Saws: N10/9-1, N5/19-1.

Fig. 15 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 15. Large flake implements from late Pleistocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from unit 2a. Steep-edged scrapers: QR9/8-2, N5/15-11. Amorphous retouched implement: M10/22-2. QR9/8-1 is a large formal implement with extensive shallow invasive flaking and a thin convex working edge.

Fig. 13 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 13. Artefacts from the palaeosurface at c. 32,000 B.P. N13/24-1 is a large sandstone flake typical of the larger component of the flake assemblage. N13/25-3 shows a sandstone flake detached from a rotated core. Bottom two rows show small finely-made silcrete flakes. N12/26-1, M11/ 27-5 and M11/27-6 are made on exotic silcrete. M11/27-2 (2) is a chalcedony flake with a short length of retouch or edge damage. M11/27-4 (4) is a trimming flake detached from the retouched edge of a chalcedony implement.

Fig. 2 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 2. Plan of Puritjarra rock shelter showing layout of excavation trenches. Also shown are spot heights (m below

Fig. 9 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 9. Flake size and shape by analytical unit. Data are length/ breadth measurements for a representative sample of 769 complete flakes. (A) Comparison of units 1a–b (solid grey circles), and unit 2a (open squares). Late Holocene flakes are smaller and less variable in size than early Holocene/terminal Pleistocene flakes, but have similar proportions. (B) Comparison of units 2b–d (solid grey circles) and unit 2a (open squares). Late Pleistocene flakes are smaller than those in the early Holocene/terminal Pleistocene, but have similar variability and proportions.

Fig. 7 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 7. Large flakes from late Pleistocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from unit 2a except M11/26-1 (unit 2b). M10/16-2 is an ironstone flake struck from a horsehoof core, and has fine overhang-removal flaking along the platform edge. M10/20-3 is chert flake with evidence of a prior platform, showing that the core was rotated before this flake was detached.

Fig. 6 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 6. Small flakes from late Pleistocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. From unit 2c: N10/11-1. From unit 2b: N12/21-8, N12/21-15, N12/23-1, N18/13-1, M11/25-2. Remainder are from unit 2a. N12/21-8 and N12/17-4 each have a series of fine flakes scars along the platform edge, showing trimming of an overhang prior to detachment of the flake. N12/19- 5 exhibits a facetted platform. N11/22-5 is a sandstone flake struck from a bifacial core.

Fig. 1 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 1. The western part of central Australia showing the location of Puritjarra rock shelter and regional topography

Fig. 12 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 12. Cores and redirecting flakes from the Holocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter or from nearby Murantji rock hole. From unit 1a: QR9/1-3. From unit 1b: M11/8-6, N5/6-2. From unit 1c: M10/12-19. Unassigned 1b–c: ST5/3-4, ST5/4-4. M10/12-19 and M11/8- 6 are sandstone redirecting flakes. N5/6-2 is a single platform core split during knapping. QR9/1-3 is a small horsehoof core, with a base (shown) reduced as a bifacial core. The large platform core from Murantji (3) is on a flake of yellow-grey chert.

Fig. 10 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 10. Multivariate analysis of flake attributes, using the Canonical variates program in the MVARCH package. Data are for flakes where the full set of platform and flake attributes can be measured (N = 635). Scatter-plot shows the centroids for groups of flakes from each unit plots these against flake variables—raw material grain-size, flake weight, percentage cortex, length, breadth, thickness, platform breadth, platform thickness, platform angle, platform preparation, overhang removal, evidence of core rotation, and the number of flake scars on the dorsal surface.

Fig. 5 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 5. Graph showing increasing use of chert and chalcedony over time. Data are number of chert and chalcedony artefacts per spit (excavation unit), expressed as percentage of total number of artefacts in each spit. The plot shows data for the Main Trench only (excluding the following: spits without lithics; spits in 2d with only doubtful artefacts, features intrusive from higher levels).

Fig. 11 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert

Fig. 11. Cores from terminal Pleistocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from unit 2a. N5/22-1 is a bifacial core on sandstone. Remainder of artefacts are single platform cores. N9/9-2 is a small finely-made silcrete core with a flaked platform and fine overhang removal scars. N9/9-3 is a horsehoof core made on a cobble of exotic silcrete.