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Figs. 31–36. Neotropical Polistinae. 31 in Synonymy of the Genus Marimbonda Richards, 1978, with Leipomeles Möbius, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae), and a New Key to the Genera of Paper Wasps of the New World

Figs. 31–36. Neotropical Polistinae. 31. Asteloeca traili (Cameron), head in frontal view. 32–33. lateral view. 32. Asteloeca traili (Cameron). 33. Metapolybia cingulata (Fabricius). 34–35. Scutum and tegula in dorsal view. 34. Apoica pallens (Fabricius). 35. Polybia bistriata (Fabricius). 36. Apoica pallens (Fabricius), head in frontal view. All scale bars are 1.0 mm.

Figs. 37–42. Neotropical Polistinae. 37 in Synonymy of the Genus Marimbonda Richards, 1978, with Leipomeles Möbius, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae), and a New Key to the Genera of Paper Wasps of the New World

Figs. 37–42. Neotropical Polistinae. 37. Polybia bistriata (Fabricius), head in frontal view. 38–39. Hindwing. 38. Apoica pallens (Fabricius). 39. Agelaia multipicta (Haliday), hindwing. 40–41. lateral view. 40. Angiopolybia obidensis (Ducke). 41. Protopolybia sedula (de Saussure). 42. Angiopolybia obidensis (Ducke), head in frontal view. All scale bars are 1.0 mm.

Figs. 19–24. Neotropical Polistinae. 19 in Synonymy of the Genus Marimbonda Richards, 1978, with Leipomeles Möbius, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae), and a New Key to the Genera of Paper Wasps of the New World

Figs. 19–24. Neotropical Polistinae. 19. Pseudopolybia vespiceps (de Saussure), head and mesosoma in oblique lateral view. 20–21. Forewing. 20. Parachartergus fraternus (Gribodo). 21. Angiopolybia obidensis (Ducke). 22–23. Head and mesosoma in lateral view. 22. Brachygastra augusti (de Saussure). 23. Chartergus artifex (Christ). 24. Brachygastra augusti (de Saussure), oblique posterolateral view, with pronotum and tegula set off. All scale bars are 1.0 mm.

Figs. 25–30. Neotropical Polistinae. 25 in Synonymy of the Genus Marimbonda Richards, 1978, with Leipomeles Möbius, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae), and a New Key to the Genera of Paper Wasps of the New World

Figs. 25–30. Neotropical Polistinae. 25. Epipona guerini (de Saussure), oblique posterolateral view, with pronotum and tegula set off. 26–29. Oblique posterolateral view. 26. Chartergus artifex (Christ). 27. Asteloeca traili (Cameron). 28. Clypearia sulcata (de Saussure). 29. Synoeca cyanea (Fabricius). 30. Epipona guerini (de Saussure), head in frontal view. All scale bars are 1.0 mm.

Figs. 13–18. Neotropical Polistinae. 13–14 in Synonymy of the Genus Marimbonda Richards, 1978, with Leipomeles Möbius, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae), and a New Key to the Genera of Paper Wasps of the New World

Figs. 13–18. Neotropical Polistinae. 13–14. Head and prothorax in oblique frontal view, with procoxa set off in lateral view. 13. Mischocyttarus rotundicollis (Cameron). 14. Brachygastra augusti (de Saussure). 15–16. Agelaia multipicta (Haliday). 15. Head and mesosoma in oblique posterior view. 16. Lateral view. 17. Parachartergus fraternus (Gribodo), posterolateral view. 18. Nectarinella championi (Dover), head and mesosoma in lateral view. All scale bars are 1.0 mm.

Figs. 7–12. Neotropical Polistinae. 7–8. Metasomal terga I and II in Synonymy of the Genus Marimbonda Richards, 1978, with Leipomeles Möbius, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae), and a New Key to the Genera of Paper Wasps of the New World

Figs. 7–12. Neotropical Polistinae. 7–8. Metasomal terga I and II in dorsal view. 7. Polistes consobrinus de Saussure. 8. Mischocyttarus rotundicollis (Cameron). 9–10. Head and mesosoma in anterolateral view. 9. Polistes consobrinus de Saussure. 10. Parachartergus fraternus (Gribodo). 11–12. Hindtarsus. 11. Mischocyttarus rotundicollis (Cameron). 12. Brachygastra augusti (de Saussure). All scale bars are 1.0 mm.

Figs. 1–6. Neotropical Polistinae. 1–2. Labial palpus. 1. Chartergellus nigerrimus Richards. 2 in Synonymy of the Genus Marimbonda Richards, 1978, with Leipomeles Möbius, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae), and a New Key to the Genera of Paper Wasps of the New World

Figs. 1–6. Neotropical Polistinae. 1–2. Labial palpus. 1. Chartergellus nigerrimus Richards. 2. Pseudopolybia compressa (de Saussure). 3–4. Metasoma in dorsal view. 3. Marimbonda albogrisea Richards. 4. Leipomeles dorsata (Fabricius). 5–6. Hindwing. 5. Marimbonda albogrisea Richards. 6. Leipomeles dorsata (Fabricius). All scale bars are 1.0 mm.

Fig. 15 in A Revision of the Genus Asteloeca (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae)

Fig. 15. Asteloeca ujhelyii (Ducke), male genitalia. Left to right, aedeagus in ventral view, aedeagus in lateral view, volsella in interior lateral view, paramere in interior lateral view. Scale as in figure 16.

Figs. 9–14. Nest. 9–11, Asteloeca lutea n in A Revision of the Genus Asteloeca (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae)

Figs. 9–14. Nest. 9–11, Asteloeca lutea n. sp.; 9, from front; 10, from back; 11, envelope removed. 12–13, Asteloeca ujhelyii (Ducke) in field from below. 14, Asteloeca traili (Cameron), in field from below.

Figs. 17–18 in A Revision of the Genus Asteloeca (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae)

Figs. 17–18. Final instar larva of Asteloeca ujhelyii. 17, apical part of maxilla; 18, labial palpi and area around them. The scale bar is 0.1 mm.

Figs. 7–8 in A Revision of the Genus Asteloeca (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae)

Figs. 7–8. Thyridium on second metasomal tergum of female. 7, Asteloeca traili (Cameron); 8, Asteloeca ujhelyii (Ducke). All scale bars are 0.5 mm.

Figs. 1–6 in A Revision of the Genus Asteloeca (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae)

Figs. 1–6. Female in dorsal view. 1–2, Asteloeca lutea n. sp.; 1, head; 2, first metasomal segment. 3–4, Asteloeca ujhelyii (Ducke); 3, head; 4, first metasomal segment. 5–6, Asteloeca traili (Cameron); 5, head; 6, first metasomal segment. All scale bars are 1 mm.

Fig. 21 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 21. Flagellomeres: A, Apoica arborea. Flagellomeres are ''knotted'', or convex both dorsally (1 and 2) and ventrally (3); B, Apoica pallida. Dorsal flagellomeres are either slightly convex (19) or nearly flat (29), as is typical of other vespids. Ventral flagellomeres are nearly flat (39).

Fig. 22 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 22. Anal lobe: A, Apoica arborea, anal lobe present; B, Apoica albimacula, anal lobe absent (here severely reduced).

Fig. 20. A in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 20. A: Apoica ellenae. Mesonotum sits lower relative to pronotum, mesonotal bristles do not reach anterior margin; B: Apoica thoracica. Mesonotum sits higher (typical), mesonotal bristles reach anterior margin.

Fig. 15 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 15. Mesonotum with longitudinal stripes: A, Apoica arborea female, absent; B, Apoica strigata, 4 pales stripes, two on either side of the parapsidal furrows. The lateral two stripes are sometimes lacking. C, Apoica ambracarina, two dark stripes, medial to the parapsidal furrows, fusing posteriorly. Scale bars 51.0 mm.

Fig. 14 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 14. Aedeagus: A, Apoica gelida, posterior end of aedeagus widening, B, Apoica arborea, posterior end of aedeagus straight. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 16 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 16. Strict consensus (L 5 94; CI 5 0.52; RI 5 0.64) of three equally parsimonious topologies (L 5 91; CI 5 0.53; RI 5 0.66) of Apoica spp. and outgroups based on morphology and behavior. Numbers above and below each branch are jackknife and Bremer support values, respectively. Jackknife values below 50% and Bremer values of 1 are not reported.

Fig. 13 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 13. Parameral spine: A, Apoica arborea, parameral spine with setae (1) and posterior lobe of paramere angled (2); B, Apoica ambracarina, parameral spine without setae and posterior lobe of paramere rounded (29). Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.

Fig. 12 in Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Nocturnal Social Wasp Genus, Apoica Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini)

Fig. 12. Parameral spine: A, Apoica albimacula, parameral spine thick and blunt; B, Apoica gelida, parameral spine thin and sharp. Both characters 22 and 23 are illustrated here only for efficiency; the different character states from the two characters do not always co-occur as in these species. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.