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204 results for “Pusilla”
Fig. 4 in New data on distribution of Miramiola pusilla (Miram, 1927) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae
Fig. 4. Reliability test for the Miramiola pusilla. Maxent distribution model (bioclimatic
Fig. 2 in New data on distribution of Miramiola pusilla (Miram, 1927) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae
Fig. 2. Miramiola pusilla known localities in the Asian part of its range.
Climatic niche variation in genetically distinct populations throughout the annual cycle for a migratory parulid bird, <em>Cardellina pusilla</em>
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FIGURE 5. Pseudopanopeus pusillus n. comb. A in A new crab of the genus Nanoplax from the Gulf of Mexico, and assignment of Micropanope pusilla to a new genus (Crustacea, Brachyura, Pseudorhombilidae)
FIGURE 5. Pseudopanopeus pusillus n. comb. A, male, cw 5.7 mm (ULLZ 8058 = USNM 1536348) northeastern Gulf of Mexico; B, male, cw 5.6 mm (ULLZ 14362 = USNM 1536353) northeastern Gulf of Mexico; C, male, cw 5.2 mm (ULLZ 2388 = USNM 1536336) northeastern Gulf of Mexico; D, male, cw 5.2 mm (ULLZ 14362 = USNM 1536353) northeastern Gulf of Mexico; E, male, cw 5.0 mm (ULLZ 6776 = USNM 1536339) southwestern Gulf of Mexico.
Data from: Balancing genetic uniqueness and genetic variation in determining conservation and translocation strategies: a comprehensive case study of threatened dwarf galaxias, Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Pisces: Galaxiidae)
Genetic markers are widely used to define and manage populations of threatened species based on the notion that populations with unique lineages of mtDNA and well-differentiated nuclear marker frequencies should be treated separately. However a danger of this approach is that genetic uniqueness might be emphasized at the cost of genetic diversity, which is essential for adaptation and is potentially boosted by mixing geographically separate populations. Here we re-explore the issue of defining management units, focussing on a detailed study of Galaxiella pusilla, a small freshwater fish of national conservation significance in Australia. Using a combination of microsatellite and mitochondrial markers, 51 populations across the species range were surveyed for genetic structure and diversity. We found an inverse relationship between genetic differentiation and genetic diversity, highlighting a long-term risk of deliberate isolation of G. pusilla populations based on protection of unique lineages. Instead we adopt a method for identifying genetic management units that takes into consideration both uniqueness and genetic variation. This produced a management framework to guide future translocation and re-introduction efforts for G. pusilla which contrasted to the framework based on a more traditional approach that may overlook important genetic variation in populations.
Data from: Genetic variation and seasonal migratory connectivity in Wilson's warblers (Wilsonia pusilla): species-level differences in nuclear DNA between western and eastern populations
There is growing interest in understanding patterns of seasonal migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering sites, both because differences in migratory behavior can be associated with population differentiation and because knowledge of migratory connectivity is essential for understanding the ecology, evolution, and conservation of migratory species. We present the first broad survey of geographic variation in the nuclear genome of breeding and wintering Wilson's warblers (Wilsonia pusilla), which have previously served as a research system for the study of whether genetic markers and isotopes can reveal patterns of migratory connectivity. Using 153 samples surveyed at up to 257 variable amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, we show that Wilson's warblers consist of highly distinct western and eastern breeding groups, with all winter samples grouping with the western breeding group. Within the west there is weak geographic differentiation, at a level insufficient for use in assignment of wintering samples to specific areas. The distinctiveness of western and eastern genetic groups, with no known intermediates, strongly suggests that these two groups are cryptic species. Analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variation shows that the estimated coalescence time between western and eastern clades is roughly 2.3 million years ago, a surprisingly old time of divergence that is more typical of distinct species than of subspecies. Given their morphological similarity but strong genetic differences, western and eastern Wilson's warblers present a likely case of association between divergence in migratory behavior and the process of speciation.
Data from: Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the Australian freshwater fish genus Galaxiella, with an emphasis on dwarf Galaxias (G. pusilla)
The freshwater fauna of Southern Australia is primarily restricted to the southwestern and southeastern corners of the continent, and is separated by a large, arid region that is inhospitable to this biota. This geographic phenomenon has attracted considerable interest from biogeographers looking to explain evolutionary diversification in this region. Here, we employed phylogenetic and phylogeographic approaches to evaluate the effect of this barrier on a group of four galaxiid fish species (Galaxiella) endemic to temperate Southern Australia. We also tested if continental shelf width has influenced connectivity among populations during low sea levels when rivers, now isolated, could have been connected. We addressed these questions by sampling each species across its range using multiple molecular markers (mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences, nuclear S7 intron sequences, and 49 allozyme loci). These data also allowed us to assess species boundaries, to refine phylogenetic affinities, and to estimate species ages. Interestingly, we found compelling evidence for cryptic species in G. pusilla, manifesting as allopatric eastern and western taxa. Our combined phylogeny and dating analysis point to an origin for the genus dating to the early Cenozoic, with three of the four species originating during the Oligocene-Miocene. Each Galaxiella species showed high levels of genetic divergences between all but the most proximate populations. Despite extensive drainage connections during recent low sea levels in southeastern Australia, populations of both species within G. pusilla maintained high levels of genetic structure. All populations experienced Late Pleistocene-Holocene population growth, possibly in response to the relaxation of arid conditions after the last glacial maximum. High levels of genetic divergence and the discovery of new cryptic species have important implications for the conservation of this already threatened group of freshwater species.
FIGURE 10. Colpodaspis pusilla. A in The family Diaphanidae (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea) in Europe, with a redescription of the enigmatic species C olobocephalus costellatus M. Sars, 1870
FIGURE 10. Colpodaspis pusilla. A. dorsal view of complete animal (automontage picture). B. ventral view of complete animal (automontage picture). C. lateral view of complete animal (automontage picture). D. dorsal view of shell (automontage picture). E. ventral view of shell (automontage picture). F. male reproductive system. Abbreviations: es, exhalant siphon; f, foot; ga, genital aperture; ppl, posterior pallial lobe; pr, prostate; ps, penial sheath. G. detail of shell showing apex (SEM). H. sculpture on dorsal surface of outer whorl of shell (SEM). Scale bars: A-E = 0.5 mm; F = 200 Μm; G = 50 µm; H =100 Μm.
FIGURE 12 in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 12. Examples of aquatic habitats occupied by Galaxiella toourtkoourt: a) Fitzroy River, T and W Road, Cobboboonee, Victoria, b) Bridgewater Lakes, Bridgwater Lakes Road, Tarragal, Victoria, c) Darlot Creek tributary, Etterick Tyrendarra Road, Tyrendarra, Victoria, d) Moyne River tributary, Woolsthorpe Heywood Road, Moyne, Victoria, e) Crawford River, Condah Coleraine Road, Branxholme, Victoria, f) Gosling Creek, Division Road, Murroon, Victoria.
FIGURE 13 in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 13. Examples of aquatic habitats occupied by Galaxiella pusilla s. s.: a) Dandenong Creek tributary, Brady Road, Endeavour Hills, Victoria, b) King Parrot Creek, Greenshield Road, Drouin, Victoria, c) Morwell River, Princes Freeway, Morwell, Victoria, d) Perry River, Princes Highway, Delvine, Victoria, e) Cobblers Creek, Forge Creek Road, Bairnsdale, Victoria, f) Big Waterhouse Lake, Homestead Road, Waterhouse, Tasmania.
FIGURE 11 in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 11. Collection sites and approximate current geographic distribution of Galaxiella toourtkoourt (light grey) and Galaxiella pusilla s.s. (dark grey). See Table 1 for site numbers and site details. Type localities are indicated by a white star.
FIGURE 4 in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 4. Boxplots of morphometric ratio data for male Galaxiella pusilla s.s. (black) and Galaxiella toourtkoourt (grey). Values are given as percentages of the first measurement over the second measurement listed on the x axes. Outliers that are>1.5 times the interquartile range above the upper quartile or below the lower quartile are indicated by a dot. See Fig. 1 for measurement descriptions.
FIGURE 10. a in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 10. a) Galaxiella toourtkoourt male (upper) and female (lower) from Narrow Neck Drain, Hatherleigh, South Australia (Photo by M. Hammer), b) Galaxiella pusilla s.s. male (lower) and female (upper) from Tuerong Creek, Moorooduc, Victoria (Photo by R. Kuiter).
FIGURE 3 in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 3. Boxplots of morphometric ratio data for female Galaxiella pusilla s.s. (black) and Galaxiella toourtkoourt (grey). Values are given as percentages of the first measurement over the second measurement listed on the x axes. Outliers that are>1.5 times the interquartile range above the upper quartile or below the lower quartile are indicated by a dot. See Fig. 1 for measurement descriptions.
FIGURE 9. a in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 9. a) line drawing of Galaxiella toourtkoourt holotype, NMV A.31214-001, female, Surrey River, Wrights Swamp Road, Cobboboonee, Vic., 29.2 mm SL (R. Plant); scale bar = 5 mm; b) line drawing of typical anterio-ventral surface markings on Galaxiella toourtkoourt (left) and Galaxiella pusilla s.s. (right) (R. Plant).
FIGURE 2 in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 2. Positions of 12 landmarks: 1. tip of snout, 2. posterior extent of lower jaw, 3. superior margin of eye, 4. inferior margin of eye, 5. origin of pelvic fin, 6. origin of dorsal fin, 7. posterior insertion of dorsal fin, 8. origin of anal fin, 9. posterior insertion of anal fin, 10. superior insertion of caudal fin, 11. midpoint of caudal fin base, 12. inferior insertion of the caudal fin, *. inferior margin of lower black band directly above '5' used with '1' and '11' to unbend specimens.
FIGURE 1 in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 1. Measurements: a) lateral body and fin; b) dorsal head; c) ventral head; and d) lateral head measurements. ALanal fin length; BDV—body depth at vent; DCP—caudal peduncle depth; DF–AF—dorsal fin to anal fin setback; DL—dorsal fin length; KD—keel depth; KL—keel length; LAB—anal fin base length; CL—caudal fin length; LCP—caudal peduncle length; LDB—dorsal fin base length; PecL—pectoral fin length; PelL—pelvic fin length; PelAn—distance between pelvic and anal fin bases; PecPel—distance between pectoral and pelvic fin bases; PreA—pre-anal fin length; PreD—pre-dorsal fin length; PrePel—pre-pelvic fin length; SL—standard length; TL—total length. ED—eye diameter; GD—gape depth; GWgape width; HD—head depth; HL—head length; HW—head width; IOW—inter-orbital width; LJL—lower jaw length; PoHL—post-orbital head length; SnL—snout length; UJL—upper jaw length.
FIGURE 8. Discriminant value histograms using shape information from Galaxiella pusilla s.s in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 8. Discriminant value histograms using shape information from Galaxiella pusilla s.s. (black) and Galaxiella toourtkoourt (grey) generated from 12 landmarks for a) females, b) males.
FIGURE 7. Principal components analysis using shape information for Galaxiella pusilla s.s in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 7. Principal components analysis using shape information for Galaxiella pusilla s.s. (black) and Galaxiella toourtkoourt (grey) generated from 12 landmarks for a) females (PC1 and PC2 explain 52.0% and 14.5% of the total variance, respectively), b) males (PC1 and PC2 explain 54.4% and 14.7% of the total variance, respectively), and shape changes associated with principal component 2 for c) females and d) males.
FIGURE 5 in A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species
FIGURE 5. Boxplots of total length (mm) measurements in the field of Galaxiella pusilla s.s. ('east') and Galaxiella toourtkoourt ('west') for a) females (east n = 451, west n = 478) and b) males (east n = 459, west n = 462). Outliers that are>1.5 times the interquartile range above the upper quartile or below the lower quartile are indicated by a dot.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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