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483 results for “Qinghai”
SHEEP SHEARING 2023 IN RGYAB LUNG (JIALONG) COMMUNITY, RTA NAG MA (HEIMAHE) TOWNSHIP TOWN, GSER CHEN (GONGHE) COUNTY, MTSHO LHO (HAINAN) TIBETAN AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE, MTSHO SNGON (QINGHAI) PROVINCE, PR CHINA by Sgrol ma yag སྒྲོལ་མ་ཡག
<p>SHEEP SHEARING 2023 IN RGYAB LUNG (JIALONG) COMMUNITY, RTA NAG MA (HEIMAHE) TOWNSHIP TOWN, GSER CHEN (GONGHE) COUNTY, MTSHO LHO (HAINAN) TIBETAN AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE, MTSHO SNGON (QINGHAI) PROVINCE, PR CHINA</p><p>Sgrol ma yag སྒྲོལ་མ་ཡག</p><p>May-June is sheep-shearing time in my home area of Rgyab lung (Jialong) Community, Rta nag ma (Heimahe) Township Town, Gser chen (Gonghe) County,<a href="#_ftn1">[1]</a> Mtsho lho (Hainan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mtsho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China. My family stopped shearing sheep in about 2007. I filmed the first time I participated in sheep shearing since then, helping five local families shear sheep. There have been many changes in sheep-shearing including what families do with the sheared wool and tools used to shear. Most families have around ten people to help.</p><p>Father (b. 1970) said that if we don't shear at this time, the sheep will be uncomfortable and scratch against walls, rocks, and ditches, and might roll over, be unable to stand, and die. </p><p>At around 5PM, my cousin's family arrived with their sheep, brought from the summer pasture to the spring pasture. After the family drove the sheep into the sheep enclosure, the son slaughtered a sheep, and his parents went to the township town by motorcycle and bought various beverages, fruit, biscuits, and other items. Father helped the son take care of the meat. </p><p>Early the next morning, the family got up at four and began shearing after a simple breakfast. Later, helpers came one after another.</p><p>Before they start shearing, men sharpen the <i>bal he</i> 'shearing scissors,' and two or three women of the family cook, prepare milk tea, and cook meat and noodles. Each man has ten <i>bkyig tigs</i> 'strings', indicating each is to catch ten sheep and shear them. This is <i>bkyigs thabs gcig</i> 'one round.' If it is a shearer's first time to shear, other men help him. </p><p>When I was a child, each man had his own strings, and most were made of wool. They colored their strings to differentiate them from others. Father's strings were wool and colored red on top. Every time he finished shearing, I was responsible for collecting the strings. At that time men twisted their strings around their waists and pulled one when they caught a sheep and tied its legs with it. </p><p>Most men who participated in the sheep shearing this year had few wool strings. Instead, they bought cloth from the market and tore the cloth into strips. </p><p>During shearing, two or three women were responsible for marking the sheared sheep with <i>lcags rtsi</i> 'paint'. Each family had a distinctive paint color and marked the sheep differently. For instance, the first family I helped, used green on the neck and blue on the rump. Other women or children were responsible for collecting <i>bal rdul</i> 'pieces of wool that had broken off during shearing'. When I was a child, we children were responsible for collecting <i>bal rdul</i> and preventing the sheep from escaping as elders were catching them. I did the same during the sheep shearing this year. </p><p>After one round finished, the men collected their strings and took a short break. Some resharpened their scissors, and the family offered beverages and snacks. </p><p>One element of fun in sheep shearing is young men competing to see who is the fastest. They joke with each other. One of my cousins was the funniest person that day. He teased young men that if they didn't shear the wool well, they would not find good wives. The young men also verbally sparred with each other. One of my cousins and his friend had a contest of to see who could shear the fastest. My cousin lost several times, so his friends and cousins teased him that he might not find a good wife. They also teasingly suggested that he needed to join more sheep shearing events to practice his ability. </p><p>Father said when he was young, they were happy to join the sheep-shearing events of local families. Once, one of his cousins and he participated in a sheep shearing. There were many young men there to help the family and they competed to see who was the fastest. Father laughingly said that one young man had shaved the edge of his robe that day. Everybody laughed at him and teased him that day. </p><p>Jokes and laughing release tiredness. </p><p>During the shearing, some families medicate the sheep, because they won't have to catch the sheep again with few family members. For instance, one family brought anthrax vaccine of anthrax provided by the local government. </p><p>One family takes care of the wool traditionally. Women scatter the sheared wool on the ground in a line near the sheep enclosure and spread other wool on the scattered wool. A woman puts a stick on the scattered wool and twists it. Another woman helps her to twist the scattered wool to make the wool easier to twist. They make the line of twisted wool into a round shape after twisting it tightly. </p><p>Two or three women spin several pieces of wool to make a long strip men use to bind the <i>bal dos</i> 'rounded wool' with a <i>yog thag</i> 'spun strip'. This process is locally called <i>bal gcu sdom byed pa</i> and it is the final process. Men put the <i>bal dos</i> in the family's storage room. </p><p>Very few families take care of the wool in traditional ways. The shorn wool is simply placed into plastic bags, which doesn't involve arduous labor, such as what the last family event that I joined. They made long strips, scattered the wool on the ground, and so forth. </p><p>Finally, the family offers water for the men to wash their hands. The housewife and the husband or other family members ask others to sit. They offer tea and then meat, noodles, bread, snacks, and various beverages. Family members repeatedly urge guests and helpers to eat and drink more. If some are unfamiliar with the guests, they don't eat much, pretending that they are full after a small amount of food. </p><p>I did the same in one family where I met some guests for the first time. The family leader is a relative of my father and has no son. He is in his seventies, so Father helps him every year during their sheep-shearing. </p><p>This was my first time to participate in this family's sheep-shearing. The day before the shearing, the family head phoned Father and asked if he could come help. He said that it was fine if he could not because of Father's back pain. Father said he would help and added that he would bring me with him. The man was grateful for Father's generous help. </p><p>Father is famous for his sheep-shearing ability. Locals said Father was the best shearer in our community when he was young. </p><p>Except for the last family, Father didn't join the sheep-shearing of other families that I joined. There were many helpers and they said it was fine that he didn't help because they knew about his back pain. Some helpers said that the work would be easier if Father was there. </p><p>Father said when he was young, sheep-shearing took place in the summer pasture, because there were few families, few livestock, enough grass for the animals, and locals moved to summer pasture earlier. So, they packed the <i>bal dos </i>onyaks to the spring pasture where they could store the <i>bal dos</i> as long as they wanted. </p><p>TIBETAN TERMS</p><p>bal dos བལ་དོས།</p><p>bal gcu sdom byed pa བལ་གཅུ་སྡོམ་བྱེད་པ།</p><p>bal he བལ་ཧེ།</p><p>bal rdul བལ་རྡུལ།</p><p>bkyig thag བཀྱིག་ཐག</p><p>bkyigs thabs gcig བཀྱིགས་ཐབས་གཅིག</p><p>gser chenགསེར་ཆེན།</p><p>lcags rtsi ལྕགས་རྩི།</p><p>mtsho lho མཚོ་ལྷོ།</p><p>mtsho sngon མཚོ་སྔོན།</p><p>rgyab lung རྒྱབ་ལུང་།</p><p>rta nag ma རྟ་ནག་མ།</p><p>sgrol ma yag སྒྲོལ་མ་ཡག</p><p>yog thag ཡོག་ཐག</p><p> </p><p>CHINESE TERMS</p><p> </p><p>Jialong 加隆</p><p>Heimahe 黑马河</p><p>Hainan 海南</p><p>Gonghe 共和</p><p><a href="#_ftnref1">[1]</a> In 2021, Gser chen County included seven towns, four townships, ninety-nine administrative communitys, and a total population of 133,409. The county had twenty-two ethnic minorities (seventy percent of the total population) including Tibetans, Han (34,364), Hui (8,844), and Mongolian (2,140). The county had 18,761,600 <i>mu</i> of usable grassland, 457,600 <i>mu</i> of arable land, and an average altitude of 3,200 <a href="https://bit.ly/3Gw2RfS">https://bit.ly/3Gw2RfS</a> 20 November 2022). Heimahe's (township town) population was 4,000 with Tibetans accounting for ninety percent of the total. The township town is 1,000 square kilometers in area with jurisdiction over Rgyab lung (Jialong), Brag mchog (Zhiheqv), Bum pa (Wenba), and Ra 'khyog (Ranheqv) <a href="https://bit.ly/3GuaDXK">https://bit.ly/3GuaDXK</a> 20 November 2022). </p><p>The 2011 population of Mtsho lho Prefecture was 437,800, including 269,100 Tibetans (sixty-three percent) https://bit.ly/2OAGwll 25 July 2020. </p>
Faunal remains data from Paleolithic to early Iron Age archaeological sites in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China
<p>According to published archaeological sources, zooarchaeological data collection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its marginal and transitional areas is inadequate, and relevant datasets have not been published. For this reason, we collected and collated relevant information. Our database provides the geographical location, elevation, cultural type and faunal assemblage of each site on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its periphery for which zooarchaeological data have been published from the Paleolithic to the Early Iron Age. The patterns of human faunal resource use, habitat patterns, and animal abundance and spatial distribution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas during the Prehistoric-Early Iron Age are represented in this dataset. The data provide a reference for further understanding prehistoric-early Iron Age human behavior, subsistence patterns and material and cultural exchanges between East and West on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its environs.</p>
Physicochemical Characterization of Religious Burning Aerosols in Lhasa on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
<p>Data from Lhasa in the Tibetan Plateau, including chemical composition, Infrared spectrum (IR), and light absorption data.</p>
Annual inventories of retrogressive thaw slumps across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2016 to 2022
<p>The dataset is retrogressive thaw slump inventories with annual intervals across the plateau from 2016 to 2022. It contains the boundaries of thaw slumps delineated yearly based on the PlanetScope Scenes with high resolution (3-5 m). The inventories were compiled semi-automatically by combining deep-learning detection and manual delineation. We assigned a unique ID to every RTS in 2022 and the corresponding polygons in previous years. For RTSs merged into one in 2022, we assigned the same ID to make them traceable. We also clustered the RTSs based on the locations. It is the first of this kind to provide annual large-scale thaw slump observations across the QTP and can potentially be a benchmark for monitoring permafrost and evaluating its impact. The vector file in shapefile format contains the boundary of each hot melt collapse. The name of the file is “QTP_RTS_YYYY”, with the ‘YYYY’ representing the year of the boundaries. Relevant attribute tables include unique numbers, area (units: m<sup>2</sup>), longitude and latitude, and clusters that RTSs are in, with the corresponding names of the table fields 'id', 'Area', 'Longitude', 'Latitude' and 'Cluster'.</p>
Figures 19–20 in Two new species of Eryciini (Diptera: Tachinidae) from the Eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
Figures 19–20. Lydella gannanensis sp. nov., male terminalia. 19. Lateral view. 20. Caudal view.
Figures 9–10 in Two new species of Eryciini (Diptera: Tachinidae) from the Eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
Figures 9–10. Drino latifrons sp. nov., male terminalia. 9. Lateral view. 10. Caudal view.
GNSS Vertical Crustal Displacement Data around Qinghai Lake
<p>This dataset includes vertical crustal displacement observations from 13 GNSS stations near Qinghai Lake, spanning from 2016 to 2023. The data consists of GNSS vertical displacement time series (GNSS_Upper.mat, MATLAB format), geographic coordinates of the stations (site_info.txt), and the corresponding time vector (GNSS_datatime.mat). </p> <p>This dataset supports the study described in the article "Terrestrial water storage changes of Qinghai Lake on the Tibetan Plateau from joint inversion of GNSS and InSAR data" (currently under peer review). The article combines GNSS and InSAR data to investigate vertical deformation field and terrestrial water storage changes in the Qinghai Lake region on the Tibetan Plateau. </p>
County-level of particle and gases emission inventory for animal dung burning in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China
<p>County-level activity data and emission factors</p>
An in situ observation dataset of soil hydraulic properties and soil moisture in a high and cold mountainous area on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
<p>Based on soil profile data at depths of 5 cm and 25 cm from 238 sampling sites, and on soil data from 32 soil moisture monitoring stations at depths of 5 cm, 15 cm, 25 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm, we have compiled a soil hydraulic properties and soil moisture dataset for a high and cold mountainous area, Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Specifically, the soil hydraulic properties include clay, silt, sand, soil organic carbon, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water retention curve parameters (Van Genuchten model) and soil dry bulk density.</p>
Data from: Extensive sympatry and frequent hybridization of ecologically divergent aquatic plants on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
<p><span>Hybridization has fascinated biologists in recent centuries for its evolutionary importance, especially in plants. Hybrid zones </span><span>are </span><span>commonly located in regions across environmental gradients due to more opportunities to contact and ecological heterogeneity. For aquatic taxa, intrazonal character makes broad </span><span>overlapping</span><span> regions in intermediate environments between related species. However, we have limited information on the hybridization pattern of aquatic taxa in </span><span>alpines, especially submerged macrophytes</span><span>. In this study, we aimed to test the hypotheses that niche overlap and hybridization might be extensive in related aquatic plants across an altitudinal gradient. We evaluated the niche overlap in three related species pairs on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and assessed the spatial pattern of hybrid populations. Obvious niche overlap and common hybridization were revealed in all three pairs of related aquatic plants. The plateau edge and river basins were broad areas for the sympatry of divergent taxa, where a large proportion of hybrid populations occurred. Hybrids are also discretely distributed in diverse habitats on the plateau. Differences in the extent of niche overlap, genetic incompatibility and phylogeographic history might lead to variations in hybridization patterns among the three species pairs. Our results suggested that plateau </span><span>areas are</span><span> a hotspot for ecologically divergent aquatic species to contact and mate and implied that hybridization may be important for the freshwater biodiversity of highlands.</span></p>
Thunderstorm activity over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau indicated by the combined data of the FY-2E geostationary satellite and WWLLN
<p>This dataset is for the article titled "Thunderstorm activity over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau indicated by the combined data of the FY-2E geostationary satellite and WWLLN" which is being submitted to the Remote Sensing for review. </p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Thunderstorm activity over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) has important climatic effects and disaster impacts. Using the thunderstorm feature dataset (TFD) established based on the black body temperature (TBB) and cloud classification (CLC) products of the Fengyun-2E (FY-2E) geostationary satellite, as well as the lightning data of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), the temporal and spatial distributions and some cloud properties of the thunderstorms over the QTP were analyzed. Approximately 93.9% and 82.7% of thunderstorms over the QTP occur from May to September and from 12 to 21 o'clock local time, and the corresponding peaks are in August and at 14:00, respectively. There are three centers featuring frequent thunderstorms in the southeast, south-central, and southwest regions of the QTP. The average thunderstorm cloud area (the region with TBB ≤ −32℃) is 1.8 × 10<sup>4</sup> km<sup>2</sup>. Approximately 32.9% of thunderstorms have strong convective cells (SCCs) composed of areas with TBB ≤ −52℃.The average number and area ratio of SCCs are 3.6 and 25.4%, respectively, and their spatial distribution is given. The average cloud area and the number and area ratio of SCCs of extreme-lightning thunderstorms (thunderstorms with the top 10% of lightning numbers) are approximately 30.0, 3.9, and 1.5 times those of normal thunderstorms. The spatial distribution of the thunderstorm activity is quite different from that of lightning activity given by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) and Optical Transient Detector (OTD) over the northeastern and southwestern QTP, which may mean that the convection intensity, cloud structure, and charge structure of the thunderstorms over the QTP are different between different regions and seasons.</p>
CH4 and CO2 dataset for the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau rivers
<p>This dataset is a collection of direct field measurement values of CH4 and CO2 concentrations and fluxes from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau rivers.</p>
Deep, shallow and surface fault-zone deformation during and after the 2021 Mw7.4 Maduo, Qinghai, earthquake illuminates fault structural immaturity
<p>These datasets include the postseismic InSAR time series on ascending and descending tracks and the relocated aftershocks (Wang et al., 2021) of the 2021 Maduo earthquake. The details can be found in our JGR paper.</p> <p>Reference</p> <p>Wang, W., Fang, L., Wu, J., Tu, H., Chen, L., Lai, G., & Zhang, L. (2021). Aftershock sequence relocation of the 2021 Ms7. 4 Maduo earthquake, Qinghai, China. Science China Earth Sciences, 64(8), 1371-1380.</p>
Fig. 5 in Description of a gynander of Colletes hedini (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China: the first record of gynandromorphism for the genus after 30 years
Fig. 5. Neighbor-joining tree based on DNA barcode sequence data showing the placement
Fig. 4 in Description of a gynander of Colletes hedini (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China: the first record of gynandromorphism for the genus after 30 years
Fig. 4. Male of Colletes fulvicornis. A – habitus, lateral view; B – head, frontal view; C –
Fig. 3 in Description of a gynander of Colletes hedini (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China: the first record of gynandromorphism for the genus after 30 years
Fig. 3. Metasomal sterna and male terminalia of the gynander of Colletes hedini. A –
Fig. 1 in Description of a gynander of Colletes hedini (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China: the first record of gynandromorphism for the genus after 30 years
Fig. 1. Habitus of the gynander of Colletes hedini. A – right side of the body, lateral
Fig 4 in Ptilagrostis contracta (Stipeae, Poaceae), a New Species Endemic to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Fig 4. Distribution map of Ptilagrostis contracta. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166603.g004
Spatial distribution pattern of mustelids in the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau
<p>Evolutionary theory predicts that the species of an evolutionarily successful taxon would not overlap in spatial distribution. To test the prediction, we document our research on the spatial associations of mustelids, an evolutionarily successful group of Order Carnivore, using infrared camera trap data on species distribution collected from the national nature reserves of Liancheng, Wolong, Tangjiahe, and Heizhugou in China in 2017-2021. Data showed seven mustelid species occurring in the study area, including <em>Arctonyx collaris</em>, <em>Mele leucurus</em>,<em> Martes foina</em>, <em>Martes flavigula</em>, <em>Mustela altaica</em>, <em>Mustela nivalis</em>, and <em>Mustela sibirica</em>. Following Ricklefs' definition of biological community, we identified five networks of species associations. The mustelids occurred in the networks. Species from the same genus, such as <em>M. foina</em> and <em>M. flavigula</em>, stayed in different networks to avoid competition due to similar feeding habits or habitat preferences. Species with different feeding habits or habitat preferences either occurred in different networks, such as <em>M. altaica</em> and <em>M. flavigula</em>, or coexist in the same networks but avoided direct spatial associations, such as <em>M. foina</em> and <em>A. collaris</em><em>.</em> Asymmetrical associations were found between different genera, such as <em>M. foina</em> and <em>M</em><em>.</em><em> altaica</em>; or between different subfamilies, such as <em>M. flavigula</em> and <em>A</em><em>.</em><em> collaris</em>. These associations may be attributed to interspecific killing or seed dispersal. However, these associations accounted for only a small proportion and would not impact the species diversity of Mustelidae. It is thus concluded that the prediction is supported by our research findings and that spatial avoidance may be the biogeographic strategy of maintaining the species diversity of the family. We also found that the well protection of the mustelids may benefit to the overall biodiversity conservation in Heizhugou, an NNR that has experienced severe deforestation.</p>
Surface displacements related to the 2021 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai province, China
<p>The dataset includes the SAR displacements observations, three-dimensional displacements, the strain invariants, and the slip model related to the 2021 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai province, China.</p>
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