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FIGURE 6 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution of the 17 or 18 species of Karstarma, from west to east: Karstarma vulcan and K. sp. (Réunion); K. jacksoni (Christmas Island); K. jacobsoni (Central Java); K. malang (East Java, from Wowor & Ng 2018); K. emdi and K. balicum (Nusa Penida Island, sympatric in same cave); K. microphthalmus (South Sulawesi); K. sulu (Palawan Island); K. philippinarum (Boracay Island); K. boholano (Bohol and Tarama Islands); K. cerberus (Ambon Island); K. ardea and K. waigeo (Waigeo Island; sympatric in same cave but in rocky parts for K. ardea and muddy substrates for K. waigeo); K. guamense (Guam Island); K. novabritannia (New Britain Island); K. ultrapes (Nggela Pile Island); K. loyalty (Lifou Island).

FIGURE 5 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 5. Live colour of Karstarma sp. A, B) female juv. 8.6 × 9.8 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7242), probably from lava tube 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets', photographs A. Barrère, 19 February 2016; C, D) specimen not collected, from lava tube 'Coulée de 2004', lower entrance near the shore, photographs Matthieu Balanger, 13 August 2017.

FIGURE 4 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 4. Habitat of Karstarma vulcan in Réunion Island. Upper raw, left: Réunion Island with indication of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise' and its 'enclos' (grey area) with places where crabs Karstarma were observed: A, 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets' (dotted rectangle enlarged on the right); B, 'Grotte au Trésor'; C 'Coulée de 2004'; D, 'Grotte des Hirondelles'. Upper raw, right: position of the lava tube 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets' in the south-western part of the Island, point A is the place where crabs were collected, altitudes indicated for 60, 100, 170 m (GPX trace of tunnel in black, from Goursaud, 2018; background map from IGN, 2018). Bottom row, left: entrance of lava tube 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets', near road 'N2' (in red on IGN map). Bottom row, right: place of collection of the crabs, at the end of the tunnel, showing sediment left after heavy rains. (Photographs J.-P. Le Guelte).

FIGURE 3 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 3. Live colour of Karstarma vulcan sp. nov. A, B, lava tube 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets' photographs J.-P. Le Guelte, 16/03/2018, holotype, male 16.2 × 18.9 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7243) (specimen captured in the lava tube but brought outside the cave for photograph); C, D) lava tube 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets' photographs N. Crestey, 16/11/2017, C) female, 13.05 × 16.5 mm (MHNH-IU-2013-7241) (left cornea injured); D) top: ventral view, female, paratype 13.7 × 16.9 mm (MNHN-IU- 2013-7240); bottom: dorsal view, female, paratype 13.05 × 16.5 mm (MHNH-IU-2013-7241). Live specimens, not collected, in the lava tube of 'Coulée de 2004': E) photograph J. Dez, 14/02/2018 from (Dez, 2018); and F) photograph F. Leveneur, 30/08/ 2014.

FIGURE 9 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 9. Comparison of anterolateral margins of carapace in Karstarma vulcan and K. jacksoni for specimens of approximately same size and sex. Karstarma vulcan, A) holotype male 16.2 × 18.9 mm, MNHN-IU-2013-7243; B) paratype female 13.7 × 16.9 mm, MNHN-IU-2013-7240. Karstarma jacksoni, C) male 15.4 × 18.7 mm, WAM C13968; D) female 14.3 × 18.1 mm, WAM C13968.

FIGURE 2 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 2. Karstarma vulcan sp. nov., holotype, male, 16.2 × 18.9 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7243) (A, B, E, G, M); paratype, female, 13.7 × 16.9 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7240) (C, D, F). Right chela, outer (A, C) and inner views (B, D); merus of right cheliped, inner view (E, F);right ambulatory legs 1–4 (P2–P5), outer views (G–J);distal part of propodi and dactyli of right ambulatory legs 1–3 (P2–P4), ventral views (K–M) (Scale bars: A, B, G–J, 5 mm; C–F, K–M, 2.5 mm).

FIGURE 1 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 1. Karstarma vulcan sp. nov., holotype, male, 16.2 × 18.9 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7243). A) dorsal habitus; B–D) carapace and chelae, dorsal, ventral, frontal views respectively; E) buccal cavern, third maxilliped and pterygostomian area (scale bars 10 mm).

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FIGURES 1–16 in Review of the genus Pseudolathra Casey, 1905 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) of Réunion Island

FIGURES 1–16. Pseudolathra keiseri (1–4), P. hamoni (5–8), P. gomyi (9–12), P. janaki sp. n. (13–16). Aedeagus from dorsal (1, 5, 9, 13), lateral (2, 6, 10, 14) and ventral (3, 7, 11, 15) view; posterior margin of male sternite VII (4, 8, 12, 16). Scale bar: 0.2 mm.

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FIGURES 17–20 in Review of the genus Pseudolathra Casey, 1905 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) of Réunion Island

FIGURES 17–20. Male sternite VIII, schematic. Pseudolathra janaki sp. n. (17), P. gomyi (18), P. hamoni (19), P. keiseri (20). Scale bar: 0.2 mm.

opennotspecifiedMay 2019View details →

FIGURES 1–4 in The new species of the genus Atanygnathus Jacobson, 1909 (Coleoptera: Styphylinidae: Staphylininae) from Réunion Island

FIGURES 1–4. Atanygnathus poussereaui sp. n. Male sternite VIII (1); aedeagus from ventral view (2); habitus (3); type locality, Plaine des Palmisters (4).

FIGURE 40. Parmotrema subisidiosum. A in Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean

FIGURE 40. Parmotrema subisidiosum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3962); D: Upper surface of isidiate lobe conspicuously reticulate white-maculate, and with cylindrical, ± coralloid-branched isidia (Masson 974.3931). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 8 mm; D = 2 mm.

FIGURE 41. Parmotrema tinctorum. A in Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean

FIGURE 41. Parmotrema tinctorum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system), lemon-yellow cells = specimens examined, pale yellow cells with a cross = specimens not examined; B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Part of thallus showing the eciliate lobe margins (Masson 974.5078); D: Isidiate lobe with coralloid-branched and eciliate isidia (Masson 974.4767). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 2 mm.

FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A in Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean

FIGURE 42. Parmotrema udisilvestre. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Submarginal soralia arising from pustule-like swellings or forming from disintegration of the upper cortex of ± revolute lobe (holotype); D: Sorediate lobe with fragile, cracking and flaking upper cortex (Masson 974.4959); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4833). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 2 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 8 mm.

FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A in Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean

FIGURE 39. Parmotrema subdeflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Sorediate lobes with marginal and often branched cilia, and terminal labriform or subcapitate soralia on very short laciniae (holotype); D: Sorediate lobes with marginal and ± linear labriform soralia (Masson 974.3946); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.3946). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 4 mm; D = 3 mm; E = 10 mm.

FIGURE 38. Parmotrema subcorallinum. A in Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean

FIGURE 38. Parmotrema subcorallinum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4961); D: Lobes with irregular isidia, at first granular or cylindrical, then ± coralloid or arbuscular and inflated, often apically ciliate (Masson 974.4961). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm

FIGURE 35. Parmotrema reticulatum aggr. A in Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean

FIGURE 35. Parmotrema reticulatum aggr. A: Distribution (UTM 2×2 km grid system) of specimens with molecular data on Réunion [= species 2 of Del-Prado et al. (2016)]; B: Distribution of specimens without molecular data on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); C: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites of specimens with molecular data (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); D: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4781); E: Part of thallus with apothecia of various ages (Masson 974.5069); F: Sorediate lobes with soralia capitate at the tip of marginal short laciniae, or submarginal ± linear at the apex of revolute lobe (Masson 974.4289). Scale bars: A, B = 10 km; D, E = 10 mm; F = 4 mm.

FIGURE 33. Parmotrema paramascarenense. A in Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean

FIGURE 33. Parmotrema paramascarenense. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Sorediate arbusculae in old part of thallus (holotype); D: Soralia at the apex of tiny laciniae, ± labriform or subcapitate, in young part of thallus (holotype); E: Gross morphology of thallus (Kalb & Kalb 33656). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C, D = 4 mm; E = 8 mm.

FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A in Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean

FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13 August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm.

FIGURE 37. Parmotrema robustum. A in Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean

FIGURE 37. Parmotrema robustum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974. 4044); D: Sorediate lobes with young soralia ± labriform or subcapitate at the apex of laciniae, then ± coalescing and slightly spreading submarginally with age (Masson 974.4826). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm

FIGURE 43 in Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean

FIGURE 43. Parmotrema thomsonii (holotype of Parmelia pachysperma). A: Part of thallus with a mature apothecium; B: Lobes with white-maculate upper surface, and conspicuous verruciform marginal pycnidia with whitish ostiolar region. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2 mm.