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Fig. 3 in New look on the geographical variation in Rhinolophus clivosus with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya

Fig. 3. Bivariate plot of the compared samples of Rhinolophus clivosus s.l.: relative width of rostrum (CC/CM3) against relative length of the mesial part of the upper tooth-row (CP4/CM3).

Fig. 1 in New look on the geographical variation in Rhinolophus clivosus with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya

Fig. 1. Bivariate plot of the compared samples of Rhinolophus clivosus s.l.: condylocanine length of skull (LCc) against zygomatic width (LaZ).

Fig. 2 in New look on the geographical variation in Rhinolophus clivosus with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya

Fig. 2. Bivariate plot of the compared samples of Rhinolophus clivosus s.l.: results of principal component analysis of 22 skull dimensions.

Fig. 10 in New look on the geographical variation in Rhinolophus clivosus with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya

Fig. 10. Occlusal view on the right lower unicuspidal teeth (C–P4) of Rhinolophus horaceki sp. n. (NMP 49880, holotype). Scale bar – 1 mm.

Figure 2 in Integrative taxonomy resolves three new cryptic species of small southern African horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus)

Figure 2. Bayesian tree of partial Cytb sequences, with nodal support values based on Bayesian probabilities and bootstrap values for Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony. Samples included in all analyses (molecular, morphometric and bacular) are underlined.

Figure 14 in Integrative taxonomy resolves three new cryptic species of small southern African horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus)

Figure 14. Colony of R. lobatus showing present of orange apical tuft in flying males (Photographs by P. Naskrecki.)

Figure 5. Biplot showing the first and second principal components from a in Integrative taxonomy resolves three new cryptic species of small southern African horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus)

Figure 5. Biplot showing the first and second principal components from a PCA of 2D landmark data for small southern Africa Rhinolophus spp., including data from type specimens of R. swinnyi and R. s. rhodesiae. Deformation grids illustrate cranial shape changes associated with each PC.

Figure 7. Biplot showing the first and second principal components from a in Integrative taxonomy resolves three new cryptic species of small southern African horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus)

Figure 7. Biplot showing the first and second principal components from a PCA of eight bacular measurements for small southern Africa Rhinolophus taxa. Numbers indicate the position of taxa referred to in Table 5.

Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy resolves three new cryptic species of small southern African horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus)

Figure 4. PCA variation for five log-transformed cranial variables for six proposed small southern Africa Rhinolophus spp. defined on molecular and morphological grounds.

Figure 3 in Integrative taxonomy resolves three new cryptic species of small southern African horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus)

Figure 3. Haplotype network using minimum-spanning inference method based on 667 base pairs of Cytb.

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Data from: Pest consumption in a vineyard system by the lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros)

Herbivorous arthropods cause immense damage in crop production annually. Consumption of these pests by insectivorous animals is claimed to be crucial to counteract their adverse effects. Bats are considered amongst the most voracious predators of arthropods, of which some species are known to consume crop pests. In vineyard dominated Mediterranean agroecosystems, several crops are damaged by the attack of insect pests. In this study we therefore aimed 1) to explore the diet and pest consumption of the lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros and 2) analyse whether the composition of pest species in its diet changes throughout the season. For that, we employed a dual-primer DNA metabarcoding analysis of DNA extracted from faeces collected in three bat colonies of a wine region in Southwestern Europe during the whole active period of most pest species. Overall, 395 arthropod prey species belonging to 11 orders were detected; lepidopterans and dipterans were the most diverse orders in terms of species. Altogether, 55 pest species were identified, among them 25 are major pests and 8 are regarded as pests affecting grapevines. The composition of pest species in faeces changed significantly with season. As a whole, the results suggest that R. hipposideros acts as a suppressor of a wide array of agricultural pests in Mediterranean agroecosystems. Therefore, appropriate management measures to favour the growth of this bat populations should be considered.

FIG. 13 in Geographical variation of Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in the Sundaic subregion of Southeast Asia, including the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra

FIG. 13. PCA of nine external and cranial characters of R. affinis specimens from southern Malay Peninsula (green shaded Zone A in Fig. 1) (black squares) and northern Malay Peninsula (orange shaded Zone B in Fig. 1) (grey circles)

FIG. 11 in Geographical variation of Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in the Sundaic subregion of Southeast Asia, including the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra

FIG. 11. Maximum likelihood tree based on COI. Scores on the branches refer to bootstrap support values (1,000 iterations) derived from maximum likelihood (1st score) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (2nd score); -- = no support value. Specimens are labeled by specimen codes (IS, HM, HZM and MZB) and collecting localities. The symbols of clades correspond to the genetic distribution map, Fig. 12

FIG. 10 in Geographical variation of Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in the Sundaic subregion of Southeast Asia, including the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra

FIG. 10. Distribution of Cytb clades of R. affinis within the Sundaic subregion. The shape of the symbols corresponds to clades defined in Fig. 9. Black symbols are sequences from the current study whereas grey symbols are sequences from GenBank. Localities of sequences not listed in the methods and materials of the current study are listed for the first time as following, BA = Jambusan Cave, Bau, Sarawak; GB = Gunung Berumput, Sarawak; GG = Gunung Gading NP, Sarawak; KM = Kabumen, Central Java and PC = Prachuap Kiri Khan. unK = unknown specific locality from Borneo (sequences from GenBank). Dashed arrows indicate the type localities of subspecies. Black solid arrows indicate the transition zones of biota in the peninsula

FIG. 7 in Geographical variation of Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in the Sundaic subregion of Southeast Asia, including the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra

FIG. 7. Ventral view of R. affinis skulls from Borneo (A — TK168483, ♀), Sumatra (B — MZB35882, ♀), Java (C — MZB34475, ♀), Malay Peninsula (D — IS110823.10, ♂; E — IS120122.1, ♂) and India (F — HZM4.28148). Scale = 5 mm

FIG. 4 in Geographical variation of Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in the Sundaic subregion of Southeast Asia, including the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra

FIG. 4. Noseleaf variation of R. affinis in the Sundaic subregion (specimen from northern India included for comparison). Kabumen, Central Java (A — MZB34475, ♀); Musoorie, northern India (B — HZM.4.28148, ♂); Sarawak, northwest Borneo (C — TK152216, ♀); Lampung, southwestern Sumatra (D — MZB34965, ♀); Narathiwat, southern Malay Peninsula (E — IS120122.1, ♂); Songkhla, southern Malay Peninsula (F — IS110823.10, ♂). Scale = 5 mm

FIG. 3 in Geographical variation of Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in the Sundaic subregion of Southeast Asia, including the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra

FIG. 3. Lateral view of R. affinis skulls from Borneo (A — TK168483, ♀), Sumatra (B — MZB35882, ♀), Central Java (C — MZB34475, ♀), Malay Peninsula (D — IS110823.10, ♂; E — IS120122.1, ♂) and India (F — HZM4.28148, ♂). Scale = 5 mm

FIG. 12 in Geographical variation of Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in the Sundaic subregion of Southeast Asia, including the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra

FIG. 12. Distribution of COI clades of R. affinis in the Sundaic subregion. The shape of the symbols corresponds to clades defined in Fig. 11. Black symbols are sequences from the current study and Ith et al. (in review) whereas grey symbols are sequences from GenBank. Localities of the sequences not listed in the methods and materials of the current study are listed for the first time as following, ER = Endau Rompin National Park, Peninsular Malaysia; KL = Kuala Lompat, Pahang; NS = Negeri-Sembilan; TT = Thaninthary Div, Myanmar. Dashed arrows indicate the type localities of subspecies. Black solid arrows indicate the transition zones of biota in the peninsula

FIG. 9 in Geographical variation of Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in the Sundaic subregion of Southeast Asia, including the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra

FIG. 9. Baysian phylogenetic tree based on Cytb gene. Scores on the branches refer to bootstrap support values (1,000 iterations) derived from maximum likelihood (1st score) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (2nd score); -- = no support value. The horizontal bars on the tree branches represent the 95% highest posterior density intervals for the divergence estimates. Specimens are labeled by specimen codes (CHGTK, EF, EU, JN, IS, MZB, PS and TK) and collecting localities. The symbols of clades correspond to the genetic distribution map, Fig. 10

FIG. 2 in Geographical variation of Rhinolophus affinis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in the Sundaic subregion of Southeast Asia, including the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra

FIG. 2. PCA of 12 external and cranial characters for R. affinis specimens from Borneo (black squares), Sumatra (black diamonds), southern Malay Peninsula (black circles) and northern Malay Peninsula (open circles)