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234 results for “Salt marshes”
PIE LTER geographic information regarding vegetation transects set up at the Argilla Rd. Salt marsh restoration site in Ipswich and a reference marsh (Rough Meadows) in Rowley, Massachusetts.
A description of the vegetation transects set up at the Argilla Rd. Salt marsh restoration site in Ipswich, MA and a reference marsh (Rough Meadows) in Rowley, MA.
PIE LTER plant species presence along vegetation transects at the Argilla Rd. salt marsh restoration site (Ipswich) and Rough Meadows reference marsh (Rowley – Stackyard Road area), Massachusetts.
Plant species presence along vegetation transects at the Argilla Rd. salt marsh restoration site (Ipswich) and Rough Meadows reference marsh (Rowley – Stackyard Road area). A long term study not directly part of the PIE LTER, but a companion study related to tidal restrictions and hydrological alterations of salt marshes in the Plum Island ecosystem..
Birds observed in newly hayed and adjacent reference salt marsh sites in Rowley, MA, August through September 2000 and August 2001, PIE LTER.
Birds observed in newly hayed marsh and adjacent reference marsh sites near Stackyard Rd. and Patmos Rd, Rowley, Massachusetts. August through September 2000 and August 2001.
Surveys of salt marsh wading birds and shorebirds in Massachusetts at Plum Island Sound, PIE LTER and portions of Essex Bay
This data set is part of a study of how wading birds, primarily Great and Snowy Egrets are using different estuarine habitats at Plum Island Sound. It contains the results of count surveys of wading birds in the salt marshes of the Plum Island Estuary and parts of adjacent Essex Bay. Surveys were carried out from May to October in 2012 and 2013, additional sampling occurred in July 2014 and summer of 2018. Bird counts took place from 37 observation points around the bay and documented species, estimated distance from observer, habitat of each individual bird counted and its behavior (feeding, resting, etc.).
Visualization of Marsh Grass Roots and Rhizomes by CT imaging: VCR salt marshes, summer 2012
Computer-aided tomography and image processing previously has been used to accurately and rapidly quantify coarse root mass in coastal wetlands (Davey et al. 2011. Ecological Applications). The data in this data base are being used to develop the technique to allow for resolution of fine roots. The contribution of Spartina alterniflora roots-and-rhizomes (hereafter, roots) to soil volume is measured in VCR mainland marsh soils. Soil cores were collected several different marshes with differing soil types (mineral vs peaty). The cores were scanned by computer-aided tomography and image processing was used to determine the volume of living roots. Our results show that CT imaging may also be used to quantify coarse and fine root volume in salt marsh soils and that in peaty soils, coarse roots make an important contribution to soil volume (up to 53% of the soil volume is live roots). The dataset includes an extensive manual of methods, along with instructional videos.
Coastal SEES Collaborative Research: Coastal Sustainability: A cross-site comparison of salt marsh persistence in response to sea-level rise and feedbacks from social adaptations
Coastal ecosystems are often valued for decision-making purposes based on monetized market and non-market values of goods and services, and associated economic impacts. Examples include values of fishery landings, price changes for waterfront homes, and tourism revenues. Monetized quantities such as these do not provide a comprehensive characterization of the values provided by these ecosystems. Human reliance on the goods and services provided by ecosystems and the global decline in the health of many of these ecosystems suggests the need for ecosystem valuation to help inform decision-making and conservation policy. However, traditionally employed economic valuation methods are rarely able to capture the full scope of the benefits ecosystems provide, including benefits provided by "cultural" ecosystem services. Qualitative methods such as focus groups can provide insight on these values not available through quantitative methods alone. This research explores public perceptions of salt marsh value through the use of semi-structured focus groups in marsh-adjacent communities in Massachusetts, Virginia, and Georgia. The data include de-identified focus group transcripts from three 90-minute focus groups held in each state. Initial questions were drawn from the same semi-structured question list in each focus group, with exploratory follow-up questions based on participant responses. Results of text analysis suggest that in case study communities, outdoor experiences in salt marshes inspire serenity in Massachusetts, influence shore identities in Virginia, and promote stewardship cultivation in Georgia. Perceived threats to these benefits, such as the threat of residential development, industrial pollution, and increasing flood risk, together constitute the context for various community responses related to marsh protection. Results supplement information from extant economic valuations and show the importance of utilizing diverse methods to elicit information on soci
Salt Marsh Boundaries and Areas of Change on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA
Between 2002-2017, migration and edge erosion were measured in three mainland geomorphic marsh types (headland, valley, hammock) and were used to assess the rate and spatial extent of marsh change for the Eastern Shore of Virginia. The boundary between high salt marsh and forest was delineated by hand digitizing 2002 and 2017 imagery and the area was determined between the 2002 and 2017 treelines at each of the salt marshes. The 2017 delineated treelines and marsh edges were confirmed through personal observations by walking the along both types of boundaries, comparing them to printouts of the delineated boundaries. There were few discrepancies, but where differences were observed, the delineated boundaries were adjusted to account for field observations. All ESVA seaside marshes were identified using aerial imagery and GIS. The marsh counts shapefile is the result of that analysis. Each point identifies an individual marsh.
Data from: Impacts of nutrient subsidies on salt marsh arthropod food webs: a latitudinal survey
Anthropogenic nutrient inputs into native ecosystems cause fluctuations in resources that normally limit plant growth, which has important consequences for associated foodwebs. Such inputs from agricultural and urban habitats into nearby natural systems are increasing globally and can be highly variable. Despite the global increase in anthropogenically-derived nutrient inputs into native ecosystems, the consequences of variation in subsidy amount on native plants and their associated foodwebs are poorly known. Salt marshes represent an ideal system to address the differential impacts of nutrient inputs on ecosystem and community dynamics because human development and other anthropogenic activities lead to recurrent introductions of nutrients into these natural systems. Previously, we have found in manipulative experiments that arthropod abundance increases in response to nutrient enrichment, with predators being the trophic group most strongly affected. We conducted a survey of Atlantic coastal Spartina marshes to test whether such local responses are indicative of responses at a landscape level. We examined the most abundant arthropod species associated with Spartina coastal marshes that receive variable amounts of anthropogenic nitrogen, and tested how this response varied across different arthropod functional groups (herbivores, epigeic feeders, and predators). Similar to what we found at a local scale, nutrient subsidies alter the trophic structure of the arthropod assemblage by changing the relative abundances of various feeding groups. Variable responses among predators to nitrogen density could be partly explained by diet breadth (e.g. generalists vs. specialists). Herbivores had a negative response to increasing plant nitrogen density; specialist predators tracked their herbivore prey and thus also responded negatively to nitrogen density. However, generalists were not negatively affected by nitrogen density and indeed some generalist predators responded positively to nitrogen density. Thus, the overall predator-to-herbivore ratio was also positively associated with nitrogen density. Our research helps us to understand how long-term nutrient enrichment of native ecosystems by human activities affects arthropod assemblages and foodweb dynamics.
Model output and figure code for "Tradeoffs Between Vertical and Lateral Resilience in a Salt Marsh Restoration Model"
<p>Simulation output data from COLT_Restorations model stored on the Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System public model repository at <a href="https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:COLT_Restorations">https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:COLT_Restorations</a> and on a GitHub public repository at<a href="https://github.com/mbbarksdale/CoLT_Restorations"> https://github.com/mbbarksdale/CoLT_Restorations</a>.</p> <p>These data were processed and graphed with model code that can also be found in a GitHub public repository at <a href="https://github.com/mbbarksdale/COLTRestorationsPaper_dataANDfigures">https://github.com/mbbarksdale/COLTRestorationsPaper_dataANDfigures</a>. </p>
Data from: Promoting success in thin layer sediment placement: effects of sediment grain size and amendments on salt marsh plant growth and greenhouse gas exchange
<p>Thin layer sediment placement (TLP) is a method to mitigate factors resulting in loss of elevation and severe alteration of hydrology, such as sea level rise and anthropogenic modifications, and prolong the lifespan of drowning salt marshes. However, TLP success may vary due to plant stress associated with reductions in nutrient availability and hydrologic flushing or through the creation of acid sulfate soils. This study examined the influence of sediment grain size and soil amendments on plant growth, soil and porewater characteristics, and greenhouse gas exchange for three key US salt marsh plants: <em>Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, </em>and <em>Salicornia pacifica. </em>We found that bioavailable nitrogen concentrations (measured as extractable NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) and porewater pH and salinity were found to have an inverse relationship with grain size, while soil redox was more reducing in finer sediments. This suggests that utilizing finer sediments in TLP projects will result in a more reduced environment with higher nutrient availability, while larger grain-sized sediments will be better flushed and oxidized. We further found that grain size had a significant effect on vegetation biomass allocation and rates of gas exchange, although these effects were species-specific. We found that soil amendments (biochar and compost) did not subsidize plant growth but were associated with increases in soil respiration and methane emissions. Biochar amendments were additionally ineffective in ameliorating acid sulfate conditions. This study uncovers complex interactions between sediment type and vegetation, emphasizing limitations of soil amendments. The findings aid restoration project managers in making informed decisions regarding sediment type, target vegetation, and soil amendments for successful TLP projects.</p>
Methane fluxes from four elevation zones in a St. Lawrence Estuary salt marsh
<p>Dataset used in <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2752-664X/ac706a/meta">Spartina alterniflora has the highest methane emissions in a St. Lawrence estuary salt marsh - IOPscience</a>.</p> <p>The dataset contains methane fluxes calculated from gas measurements taken over a 40 or 60 minute period using a dark static chamber method. Methane fluxes were measured at six locations in four elevation zones of a northern salt marsh on the St. Lawrence River estuary at La Pocatière, Quebec (47°22'24.7"N 70°03'26.3"W). Additional environmental data was collected including carbon dioxide fluxes, extractable soil nitrate, extractable soil ammonium, extractable soil dissolved organic carbon, extractable soil total dissolved nitrogen, salinity, temperature, water table depth, soil total organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil organic carbon to nitrogen ratio and bulk density. Soil cores were collected from 0-15 cm and used for extractable nutrient analysis, bulk density and soil organic carbon and nitrogen analysis. The work was carried out with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 838296, a NSERC Discovery Grant and a Natural Environment Research Council grant number (NE/T012323/1). This dataset is used in a publication entitled <em>Spartina alterniflora</em> has the highest methane emissions in a St. Lawrence Estuary salt marsh in Environmental Research: Ecology (https://doi.org/10.1088/2752- 664X/ac706a), which also contains more details on fieldsite and methodology.</p> <p>Gas samples were collected from dark, static chambers (18L, 26 cm diameter), which were placed onto pre-inserted collars in the vegetated zones (inserted to 2.5 cm, 3 days prior to sampling) or placed directly onto the mudflat. The chambers were insulated and fitted with fans and venting tubes. Gas samples were collected on the 23rd August 2020 from all sites, soil cores were collected between the 24-25th August 2020 and the 19-20th September 2020. Soil samples were collected at 0-15 cm using a 2.5 cm diameter dutch gouge corer.</p> <p>Soil temperature was measured at 10 cm depth using a soil thermometer, (°C, DeltaTrak 11050, Pleasanton, USA), salinity was measured in the laboratory using a portable ATC refractometer. Water table depth was measured using a PVC piezometer, a plastic pipe with tubing was inserted into the piezometer and blown into to determine water table depth through bubbling sound (cm). Soil cores were dried at 60 °C to constant weight and the dry weight over core volume used to calculate bulk density (g cm-3), soil was finely ground and analysed for total organic carbon and total nitrogen (%) using an Elemental Analyser (ThermoFinnigan Flash EA 1112 CN analyser, Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy) with an accuracy of ±5 % for N and ±1 % for C, and a limit of 171 detection of 0.05 % for both N and C. Extractable nitrate+nitrite (assumed to be nitrate) were analysed in soil extractant (2M KCl, 5:1 of extractant to soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Sims et al., 1995 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298">https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298</a>) with a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm and accuracy of ±5%. Extractable dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen were analysed in soil extractant (ultrapure water 18.2 MΩ, 5:1 of extractant to soil) on a TOC/TDN analyser (TOC VCSn + TMN-1, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), with a 50 mg C l -1 standard resulting in an accuracy and precision of 3.0 and ±4.4 mg l-1, respectively. CH4 and CO2 concentrations were measured in the gas samples using a gas chromatograph (GC-14, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) fitted with a flame ionisation detector, CO2 was methanised to CH4 before analysis. Standards of CH4 (5.1 ppm) and CO2 (5000 ppm) resulted in an accuracy and precision of 6.6±1.5 and 0.4 ppm, and 5324±324 and 78 ppm, respectively, for CH4 and CO2. Changes in gas concentration over time were converted to fluxes using a linear regression of the linear portion fo the flux and if fluxes were below the minimum detectable concentration difference (see <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003783">https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003783</a>), they were set to zero. Results from the experiments were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for ingestion into the Zenodo data repository.</p>
Data from: Increasing tidal inundation corresponds to rising porewater nutrient concentrations in a southeastern U.S. salt marsh
<p>Salt marshes are ecologically and economically important features of coastal environments that are vulnerable to sea level rise, the rate of which has accelerated in recent decades along the southeastern US Atlantic coast. Increased flooding frequency and duration across the marsh platform is predicted to impact vegetation community structure and overall marsh persistence, but the effect of changing inundation patterns on biogeochemical processes in marsh sediments remains largely unexplored. As part of a long-term monitoring effort to assess how marshes are responding to sea level rise in North Inlet estuary (South Carolina, USA), we collected data on porewater nutrient concentrations from a series of permanent monitoring plots across multiple transects spanning the marsh elevation gradient during the growing season from 2009 to 2019. Additionally, we calculated time inundated for each plot using local water level data and high-resolution elevation measurements to assess the change in time flooded at each plot. Our results indicate that both NH<sub>4</sub> and PO<sub>4</sub> nutrient concentrations have increased in most permanent plots over the 11-year study period and that nutrient concentrations are higher with increasing proximity to the creek. Spatial patterns in nutrient increases through time are coincident with considerable increases in tidal inundation observed over the marsh platform. Across plots located in the low marsh, porewater NH<sub>4</sub> and PO<sub>4</sub> concentrations have risen at average rates of 8.96 µM/year and 0.86 µM/year, respectively, and have reached rates as high as 27.25 µM/year and 3.13 µM/year. We suggest that increased inundation time due to rising sea level has altered biogeochemical conditions influencing nutrient availability in marsh porewater, resulting in increases that likely have relevance for larger scale nutrient cycles as well as marsh ecosystem stability and function.</p>
Diversity and composition of macroinvertebrate communities in a rare inland salt marsh
<p>Inland salt marshes are rare habitats in the Great Lakes region of North America, formed on salt deposits from the Silurian period. These patchy habitats are abiotically stressful for the freshwater invertebrates that live there, and provide an opportunity to study the relationship between stress and diversity. We used morphological and COI metabarcoding data to assess changes in diversity and composition across both space (a transect from the salt seep to an adjacent freshwater area) and time (three sampling seasons). Richness was significantly lower at the seep site with both datatypes, while metabarcoding data additionally showed reduced richness at the freshwater transect end, consistent with a pattern where intermediate levels of stress show higher diversity. We found complementary, rather than redundant, patterns of community composition using the two datatypes: not all taxa were equally sequenced with the metabarcoding protocol. We identified taxa that are abundant at the salt seep of the marsh, including biting midges (<i>Culicoides</i>) and ostracods (<i>Heterocypris</i>). We conclude that (as found in other studies) molecular and morphological work should be used in tandem to identify the biodiversity in this rare habitat. Additionally, salinity may be a driver of community membership in this system, though further ecological research is needed to rule out alternate hypotheses.</p>
Data from: Sedimentary organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration across a vertical gradient on a temperate wetland seascape including salt marshes, seagrass meadows and rhizophytic macroalgae beds
<p>Dataset </p> <p> </p> <p>Coastal wetlands are key in regulating coastal carbon and nitrogen dynamics and contribute significantly to climate change mitigation and anthropogenic nutrient reduction. We investigated organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks and burial rates at four adjacent vegetated coastal habitats across the seascape elevation gradient of Cádiz Bay (South Spain), including one species of salt marsh, two of seagrasses, and a macroalgae. OC and TN stocks in the upper 1 m sediment layer were higher at the subtidal seagrass <em>Cymodocea nodosa</em> (72.3 Mg OC ha<sup>-1</sup>, 8.6 Mg TN ha<sup>-1</sup>) followed by the upper intertidal salt marsh <em>Sporobolus maritimus</em> (66.5 Mg OC ha<sup>-1</sup>, 5.9 Mg TN ha<sup>-1</sup>), the subtidal rhizophytic macroalgae <em>Caulerpa prolifera</em> (62.2 Mg OC ha<sup>-1</sup>, 7.2 Mg TN ha<sup>-1</sup>), and the lower intertidal seagrass <em>Zostera noltei</em> (52.8 Mg OC ha<sup>-1</sup>, 5.2 Mg TN ha<sup>-1</sup>). The sedimentation rates increased from lower to higher elevation, from the intertidal salt marsh (0.24 g cm<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>) to the subtidal macroalgae (0.12 g cm<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>). The organic carbon burial rate was highest at the intertidal salt marsh<em> </em>(91 ± 31 g OC m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), followed by the intertidal seagrass, (44 ± 15 g OC m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), the subtidal seagrass (39 ± 6 g OC m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>), and the subtidal macroalgae (28 ± 4 g OC m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>). Total nitrogen burial rates were similar among the three lower vegetation types, ranging from 5 ± 2 to 3 ± 1 g TN m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, and peaked at <em>S. maritimus </em>salt marsh with 7 ± 1 g TN m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>. The contribution of allochthonous sources to the sedimentary organic matter also decreased with elevation, from 72% in <em>C. prolifera</em> to 33% at <em>S. maritimus</em>. Our results highlight the need of using habitat-specific OC and TN stocks and burial rates to improve our ability to predict OC and TN sequestration capacity of vegetated coastal habitats at the seascape level. We also demonstrated that the stocks and burial rates in <em>C. prolifera </em>habitats were within the range of well-accepted blue carbon ecosystems such as seagrass meadows and salt marshes.</p>
Dataset: Blue carbon dynamics across a salt marsh-seagrass ecotone in a cool-temperate South African estuary
<p>This is a dataset of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content from the Olifants estuary. The study was designed to investigate drivers of variability at different spatial scales and across the salt marsh-seagrass ecotone. Samples were collected in March 2023 from three selected sites (upper, middle, and lower) in the estuary. Each site featured three transects, extending from the salt marsh vegetation of mixed species through the <em>Zostera capensis</em> seagrass meadows towards the water. Sediment cores were taken to a depth of 50 cm, but only the top 0-5 cm section was analyzed. Carbon and nitrogen content were measured using an Elementar Vario EL Cube Elemental CHNS Analyzer, while phosphorus was determined by ICP at Central Analytical Facilities (Stellenbosch University).</p> <p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Sampling site</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>GPS coordinates</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Upper</p> </td> <td> <p>31°39'45.27"S, 18°11'42.40"E</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Middle</p> </td> <td> <p>31°40'56.46"S, 18°12'3.72"E</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Lower</p> </td> <td> <p>31°41'39.85"S, 18°11'15.95"E</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><strong>File description</strong></p> <p><em>CHNS_Dataset_SM&INT.xlsx</em>: Data for intermediate sample measurements including percent organic carbon content and and percent nitrogen content for all sites</p> <p><em>ICP_Data_INT.xlsx</em>: Data for Phosphorus content and other related measurements for the upper site. </p>
Fig. 4 in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity
Fig. 4. Time-course of Peformance Index (A) and chlorophyll concentration (B) in leaves of T. maritima plants grown in different substrates.
Fig. 7 in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity
Fig. 7. Correlation between summary Na + K concentration and extract EC in leaves (A) and roots (B) of T. maritima plants.
Fig. 1 in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity
Fig. 1. Effect of treatment type on soil electrical conductivity (A) and pH (B) after 8 weeks of cultivation.
Fig. 5 in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity
Fig. 5. Time-course of Na+ (A), K+ (B) and Ca2+ concentration in leaves of T. maritima plants grown in different substrates.
Fig. 6 in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity
Fig. 6. Effect of treatment type on Na+ (A) and K+ (B) concentration in roots of T. maritima plants after 8 weeks of cultivation.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.