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Fig. 8 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)

Fig. 8. Ancestral state estimation and mapping of Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) cluster membership onto our phylogram for ingroup male eremobatid species inferred from Elliptical Fourier coefficients for chelicerae. Character states 1−4 refer to the 4 distinct clusters in morphospace (Fig. 5B).

Fig. 1. Male chelicera variation from the family Eremobatidae. A in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)

Fig. 1. Male chelicera variation from the family Eremobatidae. A) Hemerotrecha parva (DMNS ZA.42131), B) Hemerotrecha macra (DMNS ZA.35652), C) Eremochelis branchi (DMNS ZA.38315), D) Eremochelis flexacus (DMNS ZA.16134), E) Chanbria regalis (DMNS ZA.25444), F) Eremorhax magnus (DMNS ZA.42055. Photograph credit: Cole Logan), G) Hemerotrecha hanfordana (DMNS ZA.37358), H) Horribates spinigerus (DMNS ZA.40086), I) Eremobates leechi (DMNS ZA.37070. Photograph credit: Quincy Hansen). All scale bars refer to 1 mm, except F, which refers to 2.5 mm.

Fig. 3 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)

Fig. 3. Summary of the quantitative and qualitative traits considered in this study for eremobatid males and females. A) Right, retrolateral view of male Eremochelis insignatus (DMNS ZA.33749) chelicera. Measurements considered in this study are illustrated. B) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of papillated texturing inside flagellar groove of Eremochelis branchi (DMNS ZA.37135). C) SEM image of prolateral view of male fixed finger and associated flagellar groove belonging to Eremochelis branchi (DMNS ZA.37135). D) Right, retrolateral view of female chelicera of Hemerotrecha delicatula (DMNS ZA.41812) depicting the fixed finger tooth pattern and tip (apex) of fixed finger to fixed finger distal tooth (FF-to-FD) measure. Coloration and abbreviations follow Bird et al. (2015).Terminology abbreviations are FD = fixed finger, distal teeth, FSD = fixed finger, subdistal teeth, FM = fixed finger, medial teeth, FSM = fixed finger, submedial teeth, FP = fixed finger, proximal teeth. E) Operculum length, width, and diagonal measures on female Eremochelis plicatus (DMNS ZA.41887).

Fig. 2 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)

Fig. 2. Female cheliceral morphology from representatives of the family Eremobatidae. A) Hemerotrecha delicatula (DMNS ZA.41812), B) Eremochelis striodorsalis (DMNS ZA.18968), C) Horribates spinigerus (AMNH Holotype), D) Chanbria rectus (DMNS ZA.25456), E) Eremochelis andreasana (DMNS ZA.40822), F) Hemerotrecha serrata (DMNS ZA.25449), G) Hemerotrecha sp. (CIDA107821), H) Hemerotrecha prenticei (DMNS ZA.18169), I) Eremochelis bilobatus (DMNS ZA.17685). All scale bars refer to 1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)

Fig. 6. Ancestral state reconstruction of EFA coefficients. A) PC1 from the PCA of male chelicera EF coefficients and B) PC1 from the PCA of female opercula EF coefficients.

Fig. 5 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)

Fig. 5. Morphospace plots based on PCA analysis of EF coefficients and GMM cluster assignments recovered from the first 3 PCs as input. Individuals with uncertain cluster membership are displayed in gray.Top row pertains to male chelicera, central row depicts female chelicera, and bottom row refers to female opercula. All PCA plots summarize PC1 and PC2 and illustrate: A) male cheliceral shape by genus, B) male cheliceral shape by cluster membership with mean shapes of each cluster to the right (cluster 1 was not supported after implementing the 0.95 uncertainty threshold), C) female cheliceral shape by genus, D) female cheliceral shape by cluster membership with mean shapes of each cluster to the right, E) female opercula shape by genus, F) female opercula shape by cluster membership with reconstructed operculum from the single opercula median shape. All shapes are not to scale.

FIGURES 29–32 in A new species of the genus Gaucha Mello-Leitão, 1924 from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Solifugae, Mummuciidae)

FIGURES 29–32. Right chelicera of male paratypes of Gaucha ramirezi (29–30; MACN) and Gaucha avexada (31–32; [MZUFBA(ARC)0044]), examined under SEM. 29. Prolateral aspect. 30. Detail of the spicule areas, marked in Fig. 29. 31. Prolateral aspect. 32. Detail of the apex of the flagellum, marked in Fig. 31. Images: R. Botero-Trujillo (reproduced with permission).

FIGURES 25–28 in A new species of the genus Gaucha Mello-Leitão, 1924 from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Solifugae, Mummuciidae)

FIGURES 25–28. Environment at the type-locality of Gaucha piranauru sp. nov., a Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) patch in northern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

FIGURES 18–21 in A new species of the genus Gaucha Mello-Leitão, 1924 from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Solifugae, Mummuciidae)

FIGURES 18–21. Gaucha piranauru sp. nov., right chelicerae of male paratype (CHNUFPI 4063), examined under SEM. 18. Dorso-prolateral aspect. 19. Detail of the marked area in Fig. 18. 20. Detail of the marked area in Fig. 19. 21. Detail of the proximal part of the flagellum, retrolateral aspect.

FIGURES 8–13 in A new species of the genus Gaucha Mello-Leitão, 1924 from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Solifugae, Mummuciidae)

FIGURES 8–13. Gaucha piranauru sp. nov., right chelicerae of male (CHNUFPI 4063) and female (ISLA 15685) paratypes. 8, 10, 12. Prolateral aspect of male (8, 10) and female (12) chelicerae. 9, 11, 13. Retrolateral aspect of male (9, 11) and female (13) chelicerae.

FIGURE 24 in A new species of the genus Gaucha Mello-Leitão, 1924 from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Solifugae, Mummuciidae)

FIGURE 24. Known records of Gaucha gr. ibirapemussu species, including Gaucha piranauru sp. nov. (red triangle).

FIGURES 22–23 in A new species of the genus Gaucha Mello-Leitão, 1924 from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Solifugae, Mummuciidae)

FIGURES 22–23. Gaucha piranauru sp. nov., schematic representation of the male cheliceral morphology in retrolateral (22) and prolateral (23) views. Abbreviations: FD, fixed finger, distal tooth; FM, fixed finger, medial tooth; FP, fixed finger, proximal tooth; FSM, fixed finger, submedial tooth; FT, fixed finger, terminal tooth; io, ipsilateral opening; MM, movable finger, medial tooth; MP, movable finger, proximal tooth; MSM, movable finger, submedial tooth; MT, movable finger, terminal tooth; PFM, profondal medial tooth; PFP, profondal proximal tooth; PFSP, profondal subproximal tooth; pic, prolateral interdigital condyle; ric, retrolateral interdigital condyle; RFA, retrofondal apical tooth; RFM, retrofondal medial tooth; RFSM, retrofondal submedial tooth; RFP, retrofondal proximal tooth; RFSP, retrofondal subproximal tooth. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURES 2–7 in A new species of the genus Gaucha Mello-Leitão, 1924 from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Solifugae, Mummuciidae)

FIGURES 2–7. Gaucha piranauru sp. nov., male (2 and 4, 6–7; CHNUFPI 4063) and female (3 and 5; ISLA 15685). 2–3. Habitus, dorsal aspect. 4–5. Propeltidium and chelicerae, dorsal aspect. 6–7. Opisthosoma, lateral (6) and ventral (7) views. Ctenidia indicated by black arrows; row of rigid hairs indicated by white arrow.

FIGURE 15. Pseudocleobis solitarius male. A–C. Right pedipalp. A. Telotarsus, retrodorsal view. B in The genus Pseudocleobis Pocock, 1900 (Solifugae: Ammotrechidae) in transitional Patagonia-Monte deserts, with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 15. Pseudocleobis solitarius male. A–C. Right pedipalp. A. Telotarsus, retrodorsal view. B. Detail of sensilla ampullacea. C. Tapered seta tip. D–F. Right leg I. D. Apex of telotarsus, apical seta in ligh blue. E. Detail of apical seta. F. Clubbed seta tip. G–I. Right telotarsus IV. G. Detail of pseudosegmentation. H. Terminal tarsomere and arolium. I. Detail of distal seta with comb-like structure. J. Sternites III and IV, filiform ctenidia in light blue. Scale bars: 600 nm (B), 900 nm (C), 2 μm (F), 6 μm (E, I), 60 μm (D, H), 90 μm (G), 200 μm (A, J).

FIGURE 12. Right male chelicera under SEM, prolateral view. A–C. P. huinca. D–F. P in The genus Pseudocleobis Pocock, 1900 (Solifugae: Ammotrechidae) in transitional Patagonia-Monte deserts, with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 12. Right male chelicera under SEM, prolateral view. A–C. P. huinca. D–F. P. profanus sp. nov. G–I. P. mauryi sp. nov. J–L. P. solitarius. A, D, G, J. Fixed finger, detail of flagellum prolateral surface in yellow circle in J. B, E, H, K. Plumose setae (pvd setae), yellow arrows indicate the setae of the second row at the profundal teeth level. C, F, I, L. Stridulatory plate. Scale bars: 10 μm (detail in J), 200 μm (E, G–H, J–L), 250 μm (F, I), 500 μm (A–D).

FIGURE 9. Male flagellum, prolateral view. A–B. P. huinca. C. P in The genus Pseudocleobis Pocock, 1900 (Solifugae: Ammotrechidae) in transitional Patagonia-Monte deserts, with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 9. Male flagellum, prolateral view. A–B. P. huinca. C. P. profanus sp. nov. D. P. bardensis. E. P. mauryi sp. nov. F. P. solitarius. Scale bars: 200 μm (A, C, E), 250 μm (D, F), 500 μm (B).

FIGURE 8 in The genus Pseudocleobis Pocock, 1900 (Solifugae: Ammotrechidae) in transitional Patagonia-Monte deserts, with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 8. Male chelicera of P. mauryi sp. nov. (A, B) and P. solitarius (C, D) in retrolateral (A, C) and prolateral (B, D) views. E. P. solitarius, female chelicera in retrolateral view. DN: distal notch.

FIGURE 5 in The genus Pseudocleobis Pocock, 1900 (Solifugae: Ammotrechidae) in transitional Patagonia-Monte deserts, with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 5. Known records of Pseudocleobis solitarius and females with P. solitarius genital sternite shape, but not linked with males.

FIGURE 4 in The genus Pseudocleobis Pocock, 1900 (Solifugae: Ammotrechidae) in transitional Patagonia-Monte deserts, with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 4. Known records of Pseudocleobis huinca, P. bardensis, P. profanus sp. nov. and P. mauryi sp. nov..

FIGURE 7 in The genus Pseudocleobis Pocock, 1900 (Solifugae: Ammotrechidae) in transitional Patagonia-Monte deserts, with descriptions of two new species

FIGURE 7. Male chelicera of P. huinca (A–B), P. profanus sp. nov. (C–D) and P. bardensis (E–F) in retrolateral (A, C, E) and prolateral (B, D, F) views. (D', F') Movable finger mucron in retrodorsal view.