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5,771 results for “Strategy”
Replication Package: Assessing time-based and range-based strategies for commit assignment to releases
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Release is a ubiquitous concept in software development, referring to grouping multiple independent changes into a deliverable piece of software. Mining releases can help developers understand the software evolution at coarse grain, identify which features were delivered or bugs were fixed, and pinpoint who contributed on a given release. A typical initial step of release mining consists of identifying which commits compose a given release. We could find two main strategies used in the literature to perform this task: time-based and range-based. Some release mining works recognize that those strategies are subject to misclassifications but do not quantify the impact of such a threat. This paper analyzed 13,419 releases and 1,414,997 commits from 100 relevant open source projects hosted at GitHub to assess both strategies in terms of precision and recall. We observed that, in general, the range-based strategy has superior results than the time-based strategy. Nevertheless, even when the range-based strategy is in place, some releases still show misclassifications. Thus, our paper also discusses some situations in which each strategy degrades, potentially leading to bias on the mining results if not adequately known and avoided.</p> <p><strong>Instructions:</strong></p> <p>Visit <a href="https://github.com/gems-uff/release-mining">https://github.com/gems-uff/release-mining</a> for instructions about how to use this dataset.</p> <p><strong>Files:</strong></p> <ul> <li>The <em>repos.tgz</em> contains our project <em>corpus </em>comprising 1,414,997 releases from 100 relevant open source projects.</li> <li>The <em>repos.sha1</em> contains the sha1 checksum of <em>repos.tgz</em></li> </ul> <p><strong>Disclaimer:</strong></p> <p>This replication package contains the source code of 100 relevant open source projects. Its purpose is to enable the replication of the study conducted in the paper "Assessing time-based and range-based strategies for commit assignment to releases." </p> <p>It is essential to check each project license before using the source code or any attached file for any other purposes besides replicating the study.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Shark movement strategies influence poaching risk and can guide enforcement decisions in a large, remote Marine Protected Area
<ol> <li>Large, remote marine protected areas (MPAs) containing both reef and pelagic habitats, have been shown to offer considerable refuge to populations of reef-associated sharks. Many large MPAs are, however, impacted by illegal fishing activity conducted by unlicensed vessels. While enforcement of these reserves is often expensive, it would likely benefit from the integration of ecological data on the mobile animals they are designed to protect. Consequently, shark populations in some protected areas continue to decline, as they remain a prime target for illegal fishers.</li> <li>To understand shark movements and their vulnerability to illegal fishing, three years of acoustic tracking data, from 101 reef-associated sharks, were analysed as movement networks to explore the predictability of movement patterns and identify key movement corridors within the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) MPA. We examined how space use and connectivity overlap with spatially-explicit risk of illegal fishing, through data obtained from the management consultancy enforcing the MPA.</li> <li>Using individual-based models, the movement networks of two sympatric shark species were efficiently predicted with distance-decay functions (>95% movements accurately predicted). Model outliers were used to highlight the locations with unexpectedly high movement rates where MPA enforcement patrols might most efficiently mitigate predator removal.</li> <li>Activity space estimates and network metrics illustrate that silvertip sharks were more dynamic, less resident and link larger components of the MPA than grey reef sharks. However, we show that this behaviour potentially enhances their exposure to illegal fishing activity.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications. </i>Marine protected area (MPA) enforcement strategies are often limited by resources. The British Indian Ocean Territory MPA, one of the world's largest 'no take' MPAs, has a single patrol vessel to enforce 640,000 km<sup>2</sup> of open ocean, atoll and reef ecosystems. We argue that to optimise the patrol vessel search strategy and thus enhance their protective capacity, ecological data on the space use and movements of desirable species, such as large-bodied reef predators, must be incorporated into management plans. Here, we use electronic tracking data to evaluate how shark movement dynamics influence species mortality trajectories in exploited reef ecosystems. In doing so we discuss how network analyses of such data might be applied for protected area enforcement.</li> </ol>
Data from: Diversification rates have no effect on the convergent evolution of foraging strategies in the most speciose genus of bats, Myotis
<p>Adaptive radiations are defined as rapid diversification with phenotypic innovation led by colonization to new environments. Notably, adaptive radiations can occur in parallel when habitats with similar selective pressures are accessible promoting convergent adaptions. While convergent evolution appears to be a common process, it is unclear what are the main drivers leading the reappearance of morphologies or ecological roles. We explore this question in <i>Myotis</i> bats, the only Chiropteran genus with a worldwide distribution. Three foraging strategies –gleaning, trawling, and aerial netting– repeatedly evolved in several regions of the world, each linked to characteristic morphologies recognized as ecomorphs. Phylogenomic, morphometric, and comparative approaches were adopted to investigate convergence of such foraging strategies and skull morphology as well as factors that explain diversification rates. Genomic and morphometric data were analyzed from ~80% extant taxa. Results confirm that the ecomorphs evolved multiple times, with trawling evolving more often and foliage gleaning most recently. Skull morphology does not reflect common ancestry, evolves convergently with foraging strategy. While diversification rates have been roughly constant across the genus, speciation rates are area-dependent in taxa with temperate distributions. Results suggest that in this species-rich group of bats, first, stochastic processes have led divergence into multiple lineages. Then, natural selection in similar niches has promoted repeated adaptation of phenotypes and foraging strategies. <i>Myotis</i> bats are thus a remarkable case of ecomorphological convergence and an emerging model system for investigating the genomic basis of parallel adaptive radiation.</p>
Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes
<p>• Dispersal is a key ecological process that influences plant community assembly. Therefore, understanding whether dispersal strategies are associated with climate is of utmost importance, particularly in areas greatly exposed to climate change. We examined alpine plant communities located in the mountain summits of the tropical Andes across a 4000 km latitudinal gradient. We investigated species dispersal strategies and tested their association with climatic conditions and their evolutionary history.</p> <p>• We used dispersal-related traits (dispersal mode and growth form) to characterize dispersal strategies for 486 species recorded on 49 mountain summits. Then we analysed the phylogenetic signal of traits and investigated the association between dispersal traits, phylogeny, climate and space using structural equation modelling and fourth-corner analysis together with RLQ ordination.</p> <p>• A median of 36% species in the communities were anemochorous (wind-dispersed) and herbaceous. This dispersal strategy was followed by the barochory-herb combination (herbaceous with unspecialised seeds, dispersed by gravity) with a median of 26.3% species in the communities. The latter strategy was common among species with distributions restricted to alpine environments.</p> <p>• While trait states were phylogenetically conserved, they were significantly associated with a temperature gradient. Low minimum air temperatures, found at higher latitudes/elevations, were correlated with the prevalence of barochory and the herb growth form, traits that are common among Caryophyllales, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. Milder temperatures, found at lower latitudes/elevations, were associated with endozoochorous, shrub species mostly from the Ericaceae family. Anemochorous species were found all along the temperature gradient, possibly due to the success of anemochorous Compositae species in alpine regions. We also found that trait state dominance was more associated with the climatic conditions of the summit than with community phylogenetic structure. Although the evolutionary history of the tropical Andean flora has also shaped dispersal strategies, our results suggest that the environment had a more predominant role.</p> <p>• Synthesis: We showed that dispersal related traits are strongly associated with a gradient of minimum air temperatures in the Andes. Global warming may weaken this key filter at tropical alpine summits, potentially altering community dispersal strategies in this region and thus, plant community structure and composition.</p>
Supplementary Material: Conformational Ensemble of the Poliovirus 3CD Precursor Observed by MD Simulations and Confirmed by SAXS: A Strategy to Expand the Viral Proteome?
<p>Supplementary video for <em>Viruses</em> <strong>2015</strong>, <em>7</em>(11), 5962-5986; doi:10.3390/v7112919; http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/7/11/2919.</p> <p><strong>Movie S1.</strong> Dynamic interface between 3C and 3D domains revealed by accelerated MD. The 3C and 3D domains are colored cyan and blue, respectively. The active-site residues of the protease (His-40, Glu-71, Cys-147) and the polymerase (Asp-416, Asp-511, Asp-512) domains are represented by red spheres to help identifying the relative orientations of two domains.</p>
Proactive Control Strategies for Overt and Covert Go/NoGo Tasks: an Electrical Neuroimaging Study
<p>ERPs dataset (15 subjects) for session A and session B preparatory phase (from 200 ms before cue onset to 1000 ms after cue onset).</p> <p>GSN Hydrocel Sensor Net 110 channels array is included.</p>
Alternation emerges as a multi-modal strategy for turbulent odor navigation - Dataset
<p>Dataset from 3D direct numerical simulation of odor evolution in a turbulent channel flow.</p> <p>The dataset contains two .mat files with nose (z ~ 50 cm) and ground (z = 0) level 2D slices;</p> <p>coordinates.mat with the coordinates in X and Y directions;</p> <p>and a Jupyter Notebook file (Read_nose_ground_dataset) to read and plot the 2D fields.<br><br>Updated on May 20th 2025<br>3D velocity data have been added to the dataset.</p>
An Exploratory Study of Documentation Strategies for Product Features in Popular GitHub Projects [Replication Package]
<h2>Artefact Summary</h2> <p>This repository contains the replication package for the paper 'An Exploratory Study of Documentation Strategies for Product Features in Popular GitHub Projects,' presented at the <em><a href="https://cyprusconferences.org/icsme2022/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">38th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME'22)</a></em>.</p> <p>The purpose of the package is to facilitate the verification and reproduction of the study results.<br>It provides all computational notebooks used to collect and analyse data, as well as the slides of the conference presentation.</p> <h2>Paper Abstract</h2> <p>[Background] In large open-source software projects, development knowledge is often fragmented across multiple artefacts and contributors such that individual stakeholders are generally unaware of the full breadth of the product features. However, users want to know what the software is capable of, while contributors need to know where to fix, update, and add features. [Objective] This work aims at understanding how feature knowledge is documented in GitHub projects and how it is linked (if at all) to the source code. [Method] We conducted an in-depth qualitative exploratory content analysis of 25 popular GitHub repositories that provided the documentation artefacts recommended by GitHub’s Community Standards indicator. We extracted strategies used to document software features in textual artefacts and which strategies were used to link the feature documentation with source code. [Results] We observed feature documentation in all studied projects in artefacts such as READMEs, wikis, and website resource files. However, the features were often described in an unstructured way. Additionally, tracing techniques to connect feature documentation and source code were rarely used. [Conclusions] Our results suggest a lacking (or a low-prioritised) feature documentation in open-source projects, little use of normalised structures, and a rare explicit referencing to source code. As a result, product feature traceability is likely to be very limited, and maintainability to suffer over time.</p> <h2>References</h2> <p>The published paper is available on <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSME55016.2022.00043" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEEE Xplore</a> and the preprint on <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2208.01317" target="_blank" rel="noopener">arXiv</a>.</p>
Well-being at the Frontlines: Leadership Strategies for Building Up Strong Resources Among Emergency Responders: Online Supplement
<p>This is the online supplement for a mixed-methods article on resource-oriented leadership in emergency organizations.</p> <p><em>Abstract: </em>Repeated exposure to extreme events and other demanding missions can erode protective resources among emergency responders, causing health problems that, in turn, jeopardize their readiness and performance. Using a mixed-methods approach, this article examines how leaders of emergency responders can systematically maintain and even enhance their subordinates’ well-being. To identify effective leadership strategies, we conducted in-depth interviews with 25 fire chiefs, 25 platoon leaders, and 26 subordinates from the German fire services. Employing the critical incident technique, we explored leadership processes both during emergency situations and during interim phases (training, standby time, etc.). Person-oriented leadership (developing, group-serving, and caring behavior) was described as fostering various resource gains, while task-oriented leadership (directive and problem-solving behavior) was reported to mitigate resource threats. Moreover, the interviews underscore the importance of interim phases in enhancing well-being. A cross-sectional survey with firefighters and members of a technical relief organization (N = 459) supported the qualitative findings. We integrate our results into a framework that links leadership in emergency organizations to subordinates’ well-being and readiness in demanding work contexts. Moreover, we discuss the generalizability of our results to other high-risk work contexts. </p> <p>The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Psychology & Sports Science of [institution anonymized for review].</p> <p><br>This online supplement includes</p> <ul> <li>STUDY1_GermanFireServices.pdf: Description of the organizational differences between volunteer and professional firefighters in Germany</li> <li>STUDY1_InterviewGuides.pdf: All interview guides used in Study 1 (English translations)</li> <li>STUDY1_CI-summaries.pdf: Short summaries of all critical incidents collected in Study 1</li> <li>STUDY1_AnalysisDetails.pdf: Supplementary material on the qualitative analysis of the interviews conducted in Study 1</li> <li>STUDY2_Codebook.xlsx: a codebook describing all instructions and items of Study 2</li> <li>rawData_Study2.csv: raw data of Study 2 (anonymised; the raw data contains only the information of persons who were included in the analysis and have agreed to it.)</li> <li>STUDY2_AnalysisScript.R: An analysis script based on R</li> <li>STUDY2_Supplemental-Analyses.pdf: supplemental analyses including comparisons between final sample and dropout, comparisons between subgroups, detailed descriptive analyses</li> </ul>
Unraveling community adaption and survival strategy of soil microbiome under vanadium stress in nationwide mining environments
<p class="Abstract"><span><span>The vanadium (V) smelters soil harbor wide ranges of microorganisms, whose survival relies on their metabolic activities under stress.</span><span> Nonetheless, the characteristics and functions of soil microbiome in V mining environments have not been recognized at a continental scale. This study investigates microbial diversity, community assembly and metabolic traits of soil microbiome across 90 V smelters in China. A decrease in alpha diversity is observed, along with community variation, which is also jointly explained by other environmental, climatic and geographic factors. Null model shows that V promotes homogeneous selection. V also mediates co-occurrence patterns, with increased positive interspecific associations under higher V concentrations (</span><span>></span><span>559.6 mg/kg)</span><span>, e.g., <em>f_Gemmatimonadaceae</em>, <em>Nocardioides</em>, <em>Micromonospora</em>, <em>Rubrobacter</em>.</span><span> In addition, 67 metagenome assembled genomes are retrieved via metagenomic analysis. The metabolic pathways of keystone taxa are disentangled to reveal their putative involvement in the V(V) reduction process. Nitrate and nitrite reductase (<em>nirK</em>, <em>narG</em>), and <em>mtrABC</em> are found to be taxonomically affiliated with <em>Micromonospora</em>. sp, <em>FEN-1250</em>. sp, <em>Nocardioides</em>. sp, etc. Additionally, reverse citric acid cycle (rTCA) serves the main carbon fixation pathway, synthetizing alternative energy for putative V reducers, highlighting a synergistic relationship between autotrophic and heterotrophic processes to support the microbial survival. Our findings comprehensively reveal the driving forces for soil community variation under V stress, suggesting the robust strategies adopted by indigenous microorganisms to alleviate V impact, which can be exploited for bioremediation application.</span></span></p>
Dataset related to the manuscript entitled "Inhalation with Vitamin D3 Metabolites - A Novel Strategy to Restore Vitamin D3 Deficiencies in Lung Tissue"
<p><strong>The dataset contains the results presented in the manuscript entitled "Inhalation with Vitamin D3 Metabolites - A Novel Strategy to Restore Vitamin D3 Deficiencies in Lung Tissue" Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 10672. </strong></p><p> </p><p>The presented dataset contains the results of the implementation of the following research project: </p><p><i>Project title</i><strong>:</strong> "Assessment of the possibility of using vitamin D3 in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in the course of hypersensitivity pneumonitis - <i>in vivo</i> studies"</p><p><i>Founder</i><strong>: </strong>National Scientific Center, Poland</p><p><i>Project number</i><strong>:</strong> UMO-2020/38/E/NZ7/00366</p><p><i>Principal Investigator</i>: Marta Kinga Lemieszek</p><p><i>Main investigators:</i><strong> </strong>Michał Chojnacki, Jakub Anisiewicz, Ilona Leśniowska</p><p><i>Place of project implementation</i><strong>:</strong> Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland</p>
Replication data for: Operating Strategies of an Industrial R717 Heat Pump Recovering Waste Heat of a Chiller
<p>This dataset contains the data of the publication:<br> Verdnik, M., Wagner, P., Rieberer, R., 2022. Operating Strategies of an Industrial R717 Heat Pump Recovering Waste Heat of a Chiller. Proc. International Congress of Refrigeration 2023, Paris, France</p>
Fig. 2 in Feeding strategy of the introduced Astronotus crassipinnis (Cichlidae) in upper Paraná river floodplain
Fig. 2. Ordination by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of the food items for the size classes of Astronotus crassipinnis (Heckel, 1840) along the upper Paraná River floodplain. Axis 1 separated the diet of Class I (spheres on the right) from the other two classes (square and diamond in the left, with little variability) (Chiro, Chironomidae larvae; Ostra, Ostracoda; Ephe, Ephemeroptera).
Fig. 3 in Feeding strategy of the introduced Astronotus crassipinnis (Cichlidae) in upper Paraná river floodplain
Fig. 3. Boxplot of the predation rate of Astronotus crassipinnis (Heckel, 1840) (introduced species) and Hoplias sp. 2 (native species) in relation to prey type Moenkhausia sanctafilomenae (Steindachner, 1907) (Fish) and Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Shrimp).
Data from: Comparison of pooled semen insemination and single colony insemination as sustainable honeybee breeding strategies
<p>Instrumental insemination of honeybees allows for two opposing breeding strategies. In single colony insemination (SCI), all drones to inseminate a queen are taken from one colony. In pooled semen insemination (PSI), sperm of many genetically diverse drones is mixed and queens are fertilised from the resulting drone pool. While SCI allows for maximum pedigree control, proponents of PSI claim to reduce inbreeding and maintain genetic variance. Using stochastic simulation studies, we compared genetic progress and inbreeding rates in small honeybee populations under SCI and PSI. Four different selection criteria were covered: estimated breeding values (EBV), phenotypes, true breeding values (TBV), and random selection. Under EBV-based truncation selection, SCI yielded 9.0% to 44.4% higher genetic gain than PSI, but had vastly increased inbreeding rates. Under phenotypical or TBV selection, the gap between SCI and PSI in terms of genetic progress narrowed. Throughout, PSI yielded lower inbreeding rates than SCI, but the differences were only substantial under EBV truncation selection. As a result, PSI did not appear as a viable breeding strategy due to its incompatibility with modern methods of genetic evaluation. Instead, SCI is to be preferred but instead of strict truncation selection, strategies to avoid inbreeding need to be installed.</p>
Climate warming and temporal variation in reproduction strategies in the endangered meadow viper
<p>Here, we used more than three decades of mark-recapture data in a natural population of the endangered meadow viper (<i>Vipera ursinii ursinii</i>) to unravel the patterns of temporal variation in reproductive traits, local climatic determinants of inter-annual variation in reproduction and the potential buffering effects of life cycle on population growth rate. We found significant inter-annual variation in annual body growth, gestation length, post-parturition body condition, clutch success and offspring traits at birth, but little temporal effects in reproductive effort. Temperature during gestation was the most influential local climatic determinant by shortening gestation length, and increasing clutch success and post-parturition body condition. Neither air humidity nor insolation was found to influence reproduction.</p>
Data from: Satellite tracking of American Woodcock reveals a gradient of migration strategies
<p>Diversity in behavior is important for migratory birds in adapting to dynamic environmental and habitat conditions and responding to global change. Migratory behavior can be described by a variety of factors that comprise migration strategies. We characterized variation in migration strategies in American Woodcock (<em>Scolopax minor</em>), a migratory gamebird experiencing long-term population decline, using GPS data from approximately 300 individuals tracked throughout eastern North America. We classified woodcock migratory movements using a step-length threshold, and calculated characteristics of migration related to distance, path, and stopping events. We then used principal components analysis (PCA) to ordinate variation in migration characteristics along axes that explained different fundamental aspects of migration, and tested effects of body condition, age-sex class, and starting and ending location on PCA results. The PCA did not show evidence for clustering, suggesting a lack of discrete strategies among groups of individuals; rather, woodcock migration strategies existed along continuous gradients driven most heavily by metrics associated with migration distance and duration, departure timing, and stopping behavior. Body condition did not explain variation in migration strategy during the fall or spring, but during spring adult males and young females differed in some characteristics related to migration distance and duration. Starting and ending latitude and longitude, particularly the northernmost point of migration, explained up to 61% of the variation in any one axis of migration strategy. Our results reveal gradients in migration behavior of woodcock, and this variability should increase the resilience of woodcock to future anthropogenic landscape and climate change.</p>
Figure 2. a, coelomic brood juveniles from a in Observations of reproductive strategies for some dendrochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)
Figure 2. a, coelomic brood juveniles from a female Staurothyone inconspicua (Bell) showing mid-body constrictions and variable sizes (F58613; photo by CR). b, coelomic juvenile of S. inconspicua showing a deep mid-body constriction (F58456; CR). c, coelomic juveniles from a female Parathyonidium Heding species (F84983; CR). d, many small (F58592, late October; CR) and one large (F76371, late December; CR) coelomic brood juveniles of Neoamphicyclus materiae O'Loughlin. e, single large coelomic juvenile of N. materiae (F58606; late December; LA). f, invaginated body wall marsupium of Cladodactyla crocea (Lesson) with single remaining egg/embryo (F106967; 27 mm long; LA).
Figure 1 in Observations of reproductive strategies for some dendrochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)
Figure 1. Fissiparity by Cucuvitrum rowei O'Loughlin and O'Hara. a, peristaltic contractions in live specimen (F157401; about 25 mm long; photo by JE). b, 3 live individuals resulting from fissiparity (F157401; JE). c, live specimen showing regenerating anal end (F157419; 4 mm long; LA). d, preserved specimens showing evidence of fissiparity, with fully developed tentacles and ring and lacking internal soft organs (upper), with developing tentacles and ring (lower) (F161501; LA).
High quality figures of "Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Crop Yields and Exploring Adaptation Strategies in Northeast China"
<p>This repository provides the figures for the publication "Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Crop Yields and Exploring Adaptation Strategies in Northeast China" in their original resolution, ensuring clarity and high-quality visual representations for readers.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.