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409 results for “Structural Variation”
High-resolution 3D forest structure explains ecomorphological trait variation in assemblages of saproxylic beetles
<p>Climate, topography, and the 3D structure of forests are major drivers affecting local species communities. However, little is known about how the specific functional traits of saproxylic (wood-living) beetles, involved in the recycling of wood, might be affected by those environmental characteristics.</p> <p>Here we combine ecological and morphological traits available for saproxylic beetles and airborne laser scanning (ALS) data in Bayesian trait-based joint species distribution models to study how traits drive the distributions of more than 230 species in temperate forests of Europe.</p> <p>We found that elevation (as a proxy for temperature and precipitation) and the proportion of conifers played important roles in species occurrences while variables related to habitat heterogeneity and forest complexity were less relevant. Further, we showed that local communities were shaped by environmental variation primarily through their ecological traits whereas morphological traits were involved only marginally. As predicted, ecological traits influenced species' responses to forest structure, and to other environmental variation, with canopy niche, wood decay niche, and host preference as the most important ecological traits. Conversely, no links between morphological traits and environmental characteristics were observed. Both models, however, revealed strong phylogenetic signal in species' response to environmental characteristics.</p> <p>These findings imply that alterations of climate and tree species composition have the potential to alter saproxylic beetle communities in temperate forests. Additionally, ecological traits help explain species' responses to environmental characteristics and thus should prove useful in predicting their responses to future change. It remains challenging, however, to link simple morphological traits to species' complex ecological niches.</p>
Data from: Variations of trophic structure and niche space in fish community along a highly regulated subtropical large river
<p><span>The trophic interactions between consumers and resources play a vital role in the stability of communities.</span><span> In river systems, fragmentation of natural habitats and environmental changes alters the energy basis and community composition, consequently leading to variations in the community's trophic structure and niche space. However, our understanding of how the trophic structure responds to environmental changes is still very limited. Here, based on stable isotope data, we explored and compared trophic positions (TPs), community-wide trophic metrics, and isotope niche space of fish communities in three reaches with different hydrogeomorphic conditions along a highly regulated subtropical river over three seasons. The community trophic structure and niche space showed notable spatiotemporal variations. Overall, the downstream reach had lower</span> <span>TPs and trophic</span><span> diversity but higher trophic redundancy. The middle reach occupied a wider isotope niche space than other reaches, with the largest niche size during autumn. Furthermore, the niche overlap was relatively high in winter between reaches and in the downstream between seasons. The results implied a homogenization of feeding functional groups and energy flow pathways of species in the downstream community associated with the change of energy source and stability of hydrological conditions.</span> <span>The relationship between trophic structure and environmental factors suggested that the dam-induced alteration in hydrological-related aspects may drive the changes in the functional group composition, together with changes in energy basis, resulting in differences in the trophic structure of the community. The results of the present study deepen our understanding of how ecosystem functions respond to disturbance,</span> <span>thus contributing to an improved ability to conserve river ecosystems.</span></p>
Fig. 2 in Altitudinal Variation In Population Density, Body Size And Morphometric Structure In C A R A B U S O D O R At U S S H I L, 1996 (C O L E O P T E R A: Carabidae)
Fig. 2. Sampling localities of C. odoratus.
Fig. 9 in Altitudinal Variation In Population Density, Body Size And Morphometric Structure In C A R A B U S O D O R At U S S H I L, 1996 (C O L E O P T E R A: Carabidae)
Fig. 9. Results of each trait variation in C. odoratus at different altitudes.
Figure 6 in Infraspecific genetic variation and population structure of Salvia nemorosa L. (Lamiaceae) in Iran
Figure 6. UPGMA tree of the studied populations based on Nei's genetic distance.
Figure 5 in Infraspecific genetic variation and population structure of Salvia nemorosa L. (Lamiaceae) in Iran
Figure 5. STRUCTURE plot of the studied populations of S. nemorosa based on k = 7 of ISSR results.
Figure 1 in Monthly variations in the shell structure of two freshwater ostracod (Crustacea) species in Karapınar Spring (Bolu, Turkey)
Figure 1. Location of Karapınar Spring.
Lithospheric structure and strength variations in Antarctica from joint modeling of elevation, geoid and seismic data
<p>These models include Moho depth, LAB depth and integrated lithospheric strength based on a 1D approach involving thermal analysis under local isostasy and a rheological method.</p>
Whole-genome sequencing reveals contribution of rare and common variation to structural kidney and urinary tract malformations
<p>Supplementary tables detailing analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 992 patients with congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT). </p>
Supplemental material to 'A variational rigid-block modelling approach to nonlinear elastic and kinematic analysis of failure mechanisms in historic masonry structures subjected to lateral actions'
<p>This repository contains the data necessary to reproduce the content of the article:</p> <blockquote> <p>A variational rigid-block modelling approach to nonlinear elastic and kinematic analysis of failure mechanisms in historic masonry structures subjected to lateral actions (2021). Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 1–23. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eqe.3512">https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3512</a></p> </blockquote> <p>The file <strong>01_Dataset.zip</strong> contains the dataset. The companion document <strong>00_Dataset_description.pdf </strong>describes the content of the dataset, guiding the analyst to its use in order to (i) reproduce the article's results and (ii) compare the article's results to new results brought by the analyst, e.g. by comparison with other numerical models.</p> <p>Version history</p> <p>v2: updated references in 00_dataset description.pdf </p>
Intra-specific variation in plant associated herbivore communities is phylogenetically structured in Brassicaceae
<p>As a result of co-evolution between plants and herbivores, related plants often interact with similar herbivore communities. Variation in plant-herbivore interactions is determined by variation in underlying functional traits and by ecological and stochastic processes. Hence, typically only a subset of possible interactions is realized on individual plants. We show that insect herbivore communities assembling on individual plants are structured by plant phylogeny among twelve species in two phylogenetic lineages of Brassicaceae. This community sorting to plant phylogeny was retained when splitting the community according to herbivore feeding guilds. Relative abundance of herbivores as well as the size of the community structured community dissimilarity among plant species. Importantly, the amount of intra-specific variation in realized plant-herbivore interactions is also phylogenetically structured. We argue that variability in realized interactions that is not directly structured by plant traits is ecologically relevant and must be considered in the evolution of plant defences.</p>
Resolution of structural variation in diverse mouse genomes reveals chromatin remodeling due to transposable elements
<p>Structural variant calls, RepeatMasker annotations, and genome assemblies of diverse mouse genomes. </p>
Raw data from: Environmental variation structures reproduction and recruitment in long-lived mega-herbivores: Galapagos Giant Tortoises
<p>Understanding drivers of vital rates is important for testing life history theory, predicting population dynamics, and guiding conservation. Migratory, long-lived animals are important to life history theory because they present an extreme among trade-offs in vital rates: delayed maturity, low fecundity, variable recruitment rates, and long generation times. Understanding how vital rates respond to environmental variation has been elusive for such species because of difficulties in studying wide-ranging animals over extended periods. Populations that live on elevation gradients can provide tractable study systems because considerable environmental change occurs over small geographic distances. Galapagos tortoises are an iconic example; they are long-lived, migrate seasonally, face multiple anthropogenic threats, and have cryptic early life history stages for which vital rates are unknown. From 2012–2021, we studied the reproductive ecology of two species of Galapagos tortoises along elevation gradients that coincided with substantial change in climate and vegetation productivity. Specifically, we 1) measured physical and reproductive condition of adult females, 2) tracked the movements of 33 adult females using GPS telemetry, and re-located them seasonally to measure condition, 3) recorded nest temperatures, clutch characteristics, and egg survival from 107 nests, and 4) used radio telemetry to re-locate 104 hatchlings to monitor growth, survival, and movements. We also monitored temperature, rainfall, and primary productivity from field and remotely sensed data along the elevation gradient. Adult females were either elevational migrants or year-round lowland residents. Migrants had higher body condition than residents, and body condition was positively correlated with fecundity. Nests occurred in the hottest, driest part of the tortoise's range, between 6–165m elevation. Clutch size increased with elevation, egg survival declined, and hatchling survival and growth were highest at intermediate elevations. Hatchlings dispersed rapidly between 100–750 m from their nests before becoming sedentary in ranges <0.05 ha. Environmental variability mediated by elevation influenced adult fecundity and juvenile recruitment. Predicted future climates will profoundly impact the relationships between elevation and vital rates of Galapagos tortoises and other species living on elevation gradients. Resilience will be maximized by ensuring connectivity of foraging and reproductive areas within current and possible future elevational ranges of these species.</p>
Data from: Positive plant diversity effects on soil microbial drought resistance are linked to variation in labile carbon and microbial community structure
<p><span>Biodiversity loss and drought are substantially altering both above-and belowground terrestrial ecosystem functioning, but mechanistic understanding of plant diversity effects on the drought resistance of soil microbial biomass remains limited. </span></p> <p><span>We designed a mesocosm experiment to examine drought resistance of soil microbial biomass along a plant species richness gradient (five plant species richness levels based on old-field communities). We calculated resistance of microbial biomass to drought and recorded key belowground properties which may influence microbial resistance to drought (i.e., microbial diversity, microbial community structure, soil carbon stocks and root biomass). </span></p> <p><span>Plant species richness had a positive effect on microbial resistance to drought. Variation in microbial resistance to drought was linked to properties of the fungal community in ambient soil (Shannon diversity, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal richness and abundance) but not soil bacterial diversity. Moreover, microbial resistance to drought increased with increasing root biomass and dissolved organic carbon recorded under ambient conditions. </span></p> <p><span>These results highlight the importance of plant diversity for microbial biomass stability in our old-field study system with implications for biogeochemical cycling, and suggest that indirect effects of plant species richness on labile soil carbon and soil fungi may drive resistance of soil microbial biomass to drought. </span></p>
Variation in oxidative status, but not structural and physiological development, associated with changing ontogenetic environments
<p><span>Despite the potential for temporally-dependent relationships between trait values and fitness (e.g., as juveniles approach life-stage transitions such as fledging), how developmental stage affects canalization (a measure of robustness to environmental variation) of morphological and physiological traits is rarely considered. To test the sensitivity of morphological and physiological traits to environmental variation in two developmental stages, we manipulated brood size at hatch in European starlings (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>) and cross-fostered chicks between enlarged and reduced broods approaching fledging.</span><span> We measured body size (mass, tarsus, wing length) and physiological state (aerobic capacity, oxidative status) at asymptotic mass on day 15, then cross-fostered chicks between 'high' and 'low' quality environments and assessed the same traits again on day 20, after five days of pre-fledging mass recession. Chicks in reduced broods were heavier at asymptotic mass and had lower reactive oxygen metabolites than enlarged broods, while structural size, aerobic capacity, and antioxidant capacity were unaffected by experimental brood size. The observed canalization of structural and physiological traits during early development was maintained after cross-fostering, during late development. However, in contrast to early development, antioxidant capacity approaching fledging appeared sensitive to environmental conditions, as trajectories varied by cross-fostering treatment. Elevated reactive oxygen metabolites observed after early development in enlarged brood chicks were maintained after cross-fostering, suggesting canalized development in low-quality environments could produce oxidative costs that carry over between life-stages, even when conditions improve. These data reveal trait-specific relationships between environmental conditions and development and highlight how natal environment effects may vary by developmental stage.</span></p>
The role of phylogenetic structure on Canidae lineage distribution and trait variation across the globe
<p>Aim: Understanding the spatial structuring of ecological communities requires us to consider the interplay between evolutionary history and environmental factors. In this study, we investigated the influence of Canidae phylogenetic structure on the distribution and trait patterns of lineages across the planet.</p> <p>Location: Americas, Africa, Eurasia.</p> <p>Time period: 12 million years ago - present.</p> <p>Major taxa studied: Canidae.</p> <p>Methods: Using distribution data and phylogenetic information for 37 Canidae species, we employed phylogenetic fuzzy-weighting to compare assemblages based on their phylogenetic similarity. </p> <p>Results: Our results revealed distinct global patterns of body size, body mass, range size, habitat type, and evolutionary distinctiveness among lineages. We also identified the shared contributions of phylogenetic structure and temperature to trait variation using variance partitioning analysis. The PCPS axes highlighted the influence of phylogenetic relationships on Canidae assemblages, particularly in South America.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Notably, the study challenges the applicability of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules in explaining canids' sizes and range sizes geographic variation across continents, emphasizing the importance of phylogenetic information. The unique diversification history of Canidae in South America and Africa and their diverse environmental conditions likely contribute to the observed trait patterns that make both continents so distinguished when compared to N. America and Eurasia. Our findings underscore the need to incorporate phylogenetic information in models assessing trait variation across geographic scales for unbiased estimations.</p>
Variation among strains of Borrelia burgdorferi in host tissue abundance and lifetime transmission determine the population strain structure in nature
<p class="MsoNormal">Pathogen life history theory assumes a positive relationship between pathogen load in host tissues and pathogen transmission. Empirical evidence for this relationship is surprisingly rare due to the difficulty of measuring transmission for many pathogens. The comparative method, where a common host is experimentally infected with a set of pathogen strains, is a powerful approach for investigating the relationships between pathogen load and transmission. The validity of such experimental estimates of strain-specific transmission is greatly enhanced if they can predict the pathogen population strain structure in nature.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> is a multi-strain, tick-borne spirochete that causes Lyme disease in North America. This study used 11 field-collected strains of <em>B. burgdorferi</em>, a rodent host (<em>Mus musculus, </em>C3H/HeJ) and its tick vector (<em>Ixodes scapularis</em>) to determine the relationship between pathogen load in host tissues and lifetime host-to-tick transmission (HTT). Mice were experimentally infected via tick bite with 1 of 11 strains. Lifetime HTT was measured by infesting mice with <em>I. scapularis </em>larval ticks on 3 separate occasions. The prevalence and abundance of the strains in the mouse tissues and the ticks were determined by qPCR. We used published databases to obtain estimates of the frequencies of these strains in wild <em>I. scapularis</em> populations.</p> <p>Spirochete loads in ticks and lifetime HTT varied significantly among the 11 strains of <em>B. burgdorferi</em>. Strains with higher spirochete loads in the host tissues were more likely to infect feeding larvae, which molted into nymphs with a higher probability of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> infection (<em>i.e.</em>, higher HTT). Our laboratory-based estimates of lifetime HTT were predictive of the frequencies of these strains in wild <em>I. scapularis</em> populations. For <em>B. burgdorferi</em>, the strains that establish high abundance in host tissues and that have high lifetime transmission are the strains that are most common in nature.</p>
Compositional variation in early life parenting structures alters oxytocin and vasopressin 1a receptor development in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
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Network structure variation across scales offers clues to the macroevolutionary persistence of specialised mutualisms
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Variation among strains of Borrelia burgdorferi in host tissue abundance and lifetime transmission determine the population strain structure in nature
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.