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1,052 results for “Structural diversity”
FIG. 2 in Diversity of Nodal Structure in Mallotus nudiflorus (L.) Kulju & Welzen (Euphorbiaceae) - insight into the evolution of "Howard's Split-Lateral"
FIG. 2. — Nodal configurations of Mallotus nudiflorus (L.) Kulju & Welzen (continued): A-C, left side with a single trace and right side with a "split-lateral", note the independent origin of median trace in each case; D-F, right side of one of the three different nodes with two lateral traces, note gradual reduction of parent stelar part between the traces and approximation of traces; single row of xylem of parent stele in F. Abbreviations: see Fig.1. Scale bars: A-C, 3 mm; D-F, 0.5 mm.
FIG. 1 in Diversity of Nodal Structure in Mallotus nudiflorus (L.) Kulju & Welzen (Euphorbiaceae) - insight into the evolution of "Howard's Split-Lateral"
FIG. 1. — Nodal configurations of Mallotus nudiflorus (L.) Kulju & Welzen: A, trilacunar three traces for both cotyledonary leaves; B, trilacunar three traces for first alternate green leaves in seedling; C, D, typical trilacunar three traces situation for both the oppo- site leaves; E-G, left side with two separate lateral traces and right side with a "split-lateral"; H-J, left side with two separate traces within a single gap and right side with very closely approximated two traces with separate gaps, note the tiny part of parent vascular cylinder in between the traces (I); K-M, left side with two separate traces within a single gap and right side with a "split-lateral" (note sclerenchymatous layer absent); N-P; typical "split-lateral" situation for both the opposite leaves, note initiation of division of "splitlaterals" (O). Abbreviations: lt, lateral trace; mt, median trace; pc, parent vascular cylinder, sl, split lateral; p, phloem; s, sclerenchyma; x, xylem. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, D, 5 mm; E-P, 4 mm.
Figure 2 in The beetles of Barbados, West Indies (Insecta: Coleoptera): diversity, distribution and faunal structure
Figure 2. General outline map of Barbados with locations of major plant communities harboring native beetle faunas (adapted from Carrington 1993).
Figure 1 in The beetles of Barbados, West Indies (Insecta: Coleoptera): diversity, distribution and faunal structure
Figure 1. The islands of the central and eastern West Indies and adjacent continental land masses, showing Barbados to the east of the main island arc of the Lesser Antilles.
Figure 4 in Genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of Dugesia japonica in Taihang Mountains
Figure 4. Median-joining haplotype network based on mitochondrial gene COI. The four ellipses represent four clades in Figure 3, respectively. Each circle represents a haplotype, the area of the circle is proportional to the frequency of haplotypes, and black dots represent hypothetical unobserved haplotypes. Different populations are shown in different colors.
Figure 3 in Genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of Dugesia japonica in Taihang Mountains
Figure 3. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogentic trees based on mitochondrial gene COI. Dugesia ryukyuensis (Genbank accession no. AB618488) serves as the outgroup. The broken lines denote inconsistent branches. Bootstrap percentages (BP,>50 only) of ML analysis and posterior probabilities (PP,>0.50 only) of Bayesian inference are shown above and below the branch, respectively. HG—haplogroup.
Influence of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) rot hole habitat characteristics on invertebrate community structure and diversity - Dataset
<p>The data and R scripts pertinent to the Journal of Insect Science manuscript titled "Influence of European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) rot hole habitat characteristics on invertebrate community structure and diversity". Environmental variables are given in "Rot Hole and Site Data", whilst community data are given as counts in "Rot Hole Community Data - counts" and as relative abundance in "Rot Hole Community Data - relative abundances".</p>
Dataset accompanying 'Diverse stem-chondrichthyan oral structures and evidence for an independently acquired acanthodid dentition'
<p>This dataset accompanies the manuscript 'Diverse stem-chondrichthyan oral structures and evidence for an independently acquired acanthodid dentition' and comprises the following items: </p> <p>- Acanthodes_NHMUK_PV_P.8065 PLY files</p> <p>- Acanthodes_NHMUK_PV_P.8065 raw data (TIFF stack)</p> <p>- Acanthodes_NHMUK_PV_P.8065 Mimics file</p> <p>- Acanthodopsis_NHMUK_PV_P.10383 PLY files</p> <p>- Acanthodopsis_NHMUK_PV_P.10383 TIFF stack</p> <p>- Acanthodopsis_NHMUK_PV_P.10383 Mimics file </p> <p>- Atopacanthus_NHMUK_PV_P.10978 PLY files</p> <p>- Atopacanthus_NHMUK_PV_P.10978 raw data (TIFF stack)</p> <p>- Atopacanthus_NHMUK_PV_P.10978 Mimics file</p> <p>- Ischnacanthus_NHMUK_PV_P.40124 PLY files</p> <p>- Ischnacanthus_NHMUK_PV_P.40124 raw data (TIFF stack)</p> <p>- Ischnacanthus_NHMUK_PV_P.40124 Mimics file</p> <p>- Taemasacanthus_erroli_NHMUK_PV_P33706 PLY files</p> <p>- Taemasacanthus_erroli_NHMUK_PV_P33706 raw data (VOL file)</p> <p>- Taemasacanthus_erolli_NHMUK_PV_P33706 Mimics file</p>
Population structure in diverse pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions
<p>This data represents genotypes of a pepper diversity collection. Samples were sequenced using double-digest Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) using Apek1 and Btg1 restriction enzymes. Fastq files were demultiplexed using Illumina bcl2fastq software (<a href="http://emea.support.illumina.com/downloads/bcl2fastq-conversion-software-v2-20.html">http://emea.support.illumina.com/downloads/bcl2fastq-conversion-software-v2-20.html</a>). Trimmomatic was used to remove the first 12-bases (adapter sequences) from the beginning of each read (Bolger et al., 2014). Cleaned reads were aligned to the C. annuum reference genome (UCD-10X-F1; a cross between Criollos de Morelos 334 landrace and a non-pungent blocky pepper-breeding line; Hulse-Kemp et al. 2018) using BWA-mem (Li, 2013). Variants were called using Freebayes software to jointly call variants across all samples (Garrison & Marth, 2012). The initial VCF file was filtered using VCFtools to remove variants with minor allele frequency < 1%, variants with genotype rates < 95%, and samples with genotype rates < 10%. This generated a total of 22,916 SNPs across the 12 chromosomes. Further a subset of the lines were phenotyped for vitamin content, we provide these phenotypes as well as a marker set of 2966 markers that can be used to explore them. </p>
Structural diversity as a reliable and novel predictor for ecosystem productivity
<p>Data and code for LaRue et al. (2023) Structural diversity as a reliable and novel predictor for ecosystem productivity.<br> Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment: Accepted.</p>
FIGURE 5 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 5. Sperm packages of Urodacidae Pocock, 1893 (A, B), Diplocentridae Karsch, 1880 (C, D), Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802 (E, F), and Bothriuridae Simon, 1880 (G–L) imaged with scanning electron microscopy (A–C, G, J) or light microscopy (D–F, H, I, K, L). A, B. Urodacus planimanus Pocock, 1893: ellipsoidal/ spherical. C. Diplocentrus lindo Stockwell and Baldwin, 2001: spiral/spherical. D. Nebo hierichonticus (Simon, 1872): bent. E. Pandinus imperator (C.L. Koch, 1841): straight. F. Scorpio fuliginosus (Pallary, 1928): ellipsoidal. G. Brachistosternus ferrugineus (Thorell, 1876): canelike. H. Brachistosternus pentheri Mello-Leitão, 1931: canelike. I. Lisposoma josehermana Lamoral, 1979: straight. J. Orobothriurus tamarugal Ochoa et al., 2011: straight. K. Rumikiru lourencoi (Ojanguren Affilastro, 2003): straight. L. Thestylus aurantiurus Yamaguti and Pinto-daRocha, 2003: straight. Scale bars: 25 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 4. Sperm packages of Chactidae Pocock, 1893 (A, B), Vaejovidae Thorell, 1876 (C–F), Heteroscorpionidae Kraepelin, 1905 (G, H), Hemiscorpiidae Pocock, 1893 (I), and Hormuridae Laurie, 1896 (J–L) imaged with scanning electron microscopy (A–J) or light microscopy (K, L). A, B. Uroctonus mordax Thorell, 1876: bent. C, D. Paravaejovis spinigerus (Wood, 1863): bent. E. Graemeloweus glimmei (Hjelle, 1972): bent. F. Vejovoidus longiunguis (Williams, 1969): bent. G, H. Heteroscorpion goodmani Lourenco, 1996: bent/double bent. I. Hemiscorpius lepturus Peters, 1861: bent. J. Hadogenes troglodytes (Peters, 1861): annular. K, L. Hormurus sp., Queensland, Australia: annular, double bent. Scale bars: 25 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 9. Schematic illustration summarizing the major types, shapes, and folding of sperm packages in Scorpiones with hypothesized evolutionary transformation from absence (free sperm), e.g., Buthida Soleglad and Fet 2003: A. Straight: fusiform, e.g., Parabuthus granulatus (Ehrenberg, 1831) (Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837); straight, e.g., Iuridae Thorell, 1876, and Superstitioniidae Stahnke, 1940; or canelike, e.g., Bothriuridae Simon, 1880. B. Single fold: bent in half, e.g., Vaejovidae Thorell, 1876, Timogenes and Vachonia Abalos, 1954 (Bothriuridae). C. Multiple folds: ellipsoidal: double parallel fold, e.g., Tetratrichobothrius flavicaudis (De Geer, 1778), Nullibrotheas allenii (Wood, 1863); spiral, e.g., Euscorpiops longimanus (Pocock, 1893); double bent open gatefold, e.g., Broteochactas Pocock, 1893; annular: twisted, e.g., Hormuridae Laurie, 1896; or ringlike, e.g., Bothriurus Peters, 1861, and Timogenes Simon, 1880 (Bothriuridae).
FIGURE 1 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 1. Sperm packages of Bothriuridae Simon, 1880 (A, D, E, F), Superstitioniidae Stahnke, 1940 (B), Euscorpiidae Pocock, 1893 (C), and Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837 (G–L), imaged with light microscopy (A–F) or scanning electron microscopy (G–L). A, D, E. Timogenes elegans (Mello-Leitão, 1931): bent, annular, straight. B. Superstitionia donensis Stahnke, 1940: straight. C. Tetratrichobothrius flavicaudis (De Geer, 1778): double bent/ellipsoidal; numbers represent folding that causes differences in shape. F. Brachistosternus ferrugineus (Thorell, 1876): straight. G. Zabius fuscus (Thorell, 1876): absent. H. Buthus paris (C.L. Koch, 1839): absent. I. Teruelius ankarana (Lourenço and Goodman, 2003): absent. J. Hottentotta conspersus (Thorell, 1876): absent. K. Babycurus jacksoni (Pocock, 1890): absent. L. Lychas obsti Kraepelin, 1913: absent. Arrows indicate folding of sperm packages described in text, including variations in conspecifics. Scale bars: 25 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 8. Transmission electron micrographs of spermatozoa from sperm packages of the bothriurid, Bothriurus bonariensis (C.L. Koch, 1842), sectioned at different points along an axis (A–D), and of sperm packages of four species of Bothriuridae Simon, 1880 sectioned in the middle (E–H). A. Head, middle piece, and flagella of different sperm packages. B. Nuclei of heads from different spermatozoa. C. Middle piece of different spermatozoa with paired mitochondria. D. Flagella of different spermatozoa. E. Bothriurus bonariensis. F. Timogenes elegans (Mello-Leitão, 1931). G. Brachistosternus ferrugineus (Thorell, 1876). H, I. Urophonius brachycentrus (Thorell, 1876). Inset in E–H illustrates details of axoneme. Abbreviations: axo, axoneme; f, flagellum; h, head; mit, mitochondria; mp, middle piece; n, nucleus. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (A–D); 2.5 µm (E–H).
FIGURE 3 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 3. Sperm packages of Caraboctonidae Kraepelin, 1905 (A, B), Superstitioniidae Stahnke, 1940 (C), Chactidae Pocock, 1893 (D–K), and Troglotayosicidae Lourenco, 1998 (L) imaged with scanning electron microscopy (A–C, E–G, K) or light microscopy (D, H–J, L). A. Caraboctonus keyserlingi Pocock, 1893: straight. B. Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867): straight. C. Superstitionia donensis Stahnke, 1940: straight. D, E. Nullibrotheas allenii (Wood, 1863): ellipsoidal, double bent. F, G. Brotheas sp., Bartica District, Guyana: ellipsoidal, double bent. H. Broteochactas nitidus Pocock, 1893: double bent. I. Chactopsoides anduzei (González-Sponga, 1982): double bent. J. Chactas aequinoctialis (Karsch, 1879): ellipsoidal, spherical. K. Teuthraustes sp., Aguay Province, Ecuador: ellipsoidal. L. Troglotayosicus humiculum Botero-Trujillo and Francke, 2009: bent. Scale bars: 25 µm.
Species detection histories used in Killion et al. (2023): Integrating Spaceborne Estimates of Structural Diversity of Habitat into Wildlife Occupancy Models
<p>Camera trap species detection histories used for occupancy models in "Integrating Spaceborne Estimates of Structural Diversity of Habitat into Wildlife Occupancy Models". </p>
Changes in vertical and horizontal diversities mediated by the size structure of introduced fish collectively shape food-web stability
<p><span>Species introductions can alter local food-web structure by changing the vertical or horizontal diversity within communities, largely driven by their body size distributions. Increasing vertical and horizontal diversities is predicted to have opposing effects on stability. However, their interactive effects remain largely overlooked. We investigated the independent and collective effects of vertical and horizontal diversities on food-web stability</span><span> in alpine lakes stocked with variable body size distributions of introduced fish species. I</span><span>ntroduced predators destabilize food-webs by </span><span>increasing vertical diversity through food chain lengthening</span><span>. Alternatively, increasing horizontal diversity results in more </span><span>stable food-web topologies. A non-linear interaction between vertical and horizontal diversities </span>suggests that increasing vertical diversity is most destabilizing when horizontal diversity is low<span>.</span> <span>Our findings suggest </span>that the size structure of introduced predators drives their impacts on stability by modifying the structure of food-webs, and highlights the <span>interactive effects of vertical and horizontal diversities on stability.</span></p>
Reference datasets for consistency tests of GENAPOPOP 1.0 software: a user-friendly software to analyse genetic diversity and structure in partially clonal and selfed polyploid organisms.
<p>Datasets companion of the manuscript entitled GenAPoPop 1.0: a user-friendly software to analyse genetic diversity and structure in partially clonal and selfed polyploid organisms, used to achieve consistency test with Spagedi 1.5 software, and used as reference datasets to demonstrate the new possibilities allowed by GenAPoPop software.</p> <p>Raw datasets used for testing GenAPoPop 1.0, A user-friendly software for easily compute genetic analyses of autopolyploid populations packaged for Linux, MacOS and Windows; Results obtained from Spagedi 1.5 (Hardy & Vekemans 2001) and GenAPoPop1.0.</p> <p>Four pseudo-observed genotyping autotetrapolyploid SNP datasets, corresponding respectively to panmictic (A), highly clonal (B), highly selfed (C) and half-clonal-half-selfed (D) reproductive mode scenario. In all these four scenarios, we simulated two populations of 100 individuals each, connected with a migration rate of 0.01 and mutating at a rate of 0.01, genotyped at 10 SNPs. Datasets were recorded 1000 generations after an initial randomly drawing population with equal allele frequencies.</p> <p>One SNP tetraploid genotyping dataset from two French <em>Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala</em> populations (aquatic plant from the Angiosperm clade): two populations in which we collected 75 individuals, each genotyped with 36 SNPs using the Hiplex method allowing confident allele dosage (Delord et al. 2018).</p> <p>One microsatellite tetraploid genotyping dataset on two Aulactinia stella populations (sea-anemone from the Cnidaria phylum), sampled on the coast of the arctic ocean. One population of 21 individuals and one population of 15 individuals, both genotyped with 10 microsatellites.</p> <p>We also report here the consistency tests with GenAlex and Spagedi, results of analyses (GPP tab) on 6300 independant simulations and inferences of the quantitative reproductive modes using the bayesian method on CEMP tab made on 6300 another independant simulations.</p>
Population genomic evidence that stream networks structure genetic diversity in the narrowly endemic patch-nosed salamander (Urspelerpes brucei)
<p>Described in 2009, the Patch-nosed Salamander (<em>Urspelerpes brucei</em>) is a miniature species of lungless salamander with a geographic range of only ~45 km<sup>2</sup>. This species is endemic to the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains in extreme northeastern Georgia and northwestern South Carolina. The Tugaloo River—a waterway of some 50 m in width that forms the political boundary between the two states—bisects the tiny range of <em>U. brucei</em> and likely acts as a barrier to gene flow. Using RADcap data and a suite of complementary population genomic analyses, we evaluated the role that this river and its tributaries may play in enabling and/or interrupting gene flow among populations of <em>U. brucei</em>, and we investigated patterns of within-population and between-population genetic variation. Our results revealed a general pattern of isolation-by-stream distance and indicated that a population separated by the Tugaloo River is moderately more differentiated than what is explainable by stream distance alone. Unique in both its physiography and geologic history, this region in which <em>U. brucei</em> lives also harbors more than a dozen other species of lungless salamanders. Therefore, the genetic patterns that we have elucidated may have larger implications for differentiation among populations of other species with similar dispersal abilities.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.