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Figs. 9–10. Typhloelmis species, adult wet specimens. 9 in TyphloelmisBarr (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae), a New Stygobiontic Riffle Beetle Genus with Three New Species from Texas, USA

Figs. 9–10. Typhloelmis species, adult wet specimens. 9) T. caroline, a) Dorsal view, b) Ventral view; 10) T. sanfelipe, a) Dorsal view, b) Ventral view.

Figs. 6–8 in TyphloelmisBarr (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae), a New Stygobiontic Riffle Beetle Genus with Three New Species from Texas, USA

Figs. 6–8. Typhloelmis species, adult dry specimens, dorsal view (length = pronotum + elytra). 6) T. caroline, ♂, length 2.2 mm; 7) T. sanfelipe, ♀, length 2.5 mm; 8) T. finegan, ♀, length 4.1 mm.

Figs. 35–36. Typhloelmis sanfelipe, plastron. 35 in TyphloelmisBarr (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae), a New Stygobiontic Riffle Beetle Genus with Three New Species from Texas, USA

Figs. 35–36. Typhloelmis sanfelipe, plastron. 35) Elytron, abraded area, 4,380X; 36) Elytron, abraded area and plastron structure, 10,000X.

Figs. 3–4. Caroline Springs. 3 in TyphloelmisBarr (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae), a New Stygobiontic Riffle Beetle Genus with Three New Species from Texas, USA

Figs. 3–4. Caroline Springs. 3) Submerged spring orifice with partially dissolved limestone substrate; 4) Drift nets in place over spring orifice.

Figs. 1–2. 1 in TyphloelmisBarr (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae), a New Stygobiontic Riffle Beetle Genus with Three New Species from Texas, USA

Figs. 1–2. 1) Map of Terrell and Val Verde counties, Texas, showing the type localities of Typhoelmis caroline at Caroline Springs, Typhoelmis sanfelipe at San Felipe Springs, and Typhoelmis finegan at Finegan Springs; 2) Map of the Edwards and Trinity Aquifer regions of Texas. GWD = groundwater divide; black dots = type locality springs.

Figs. 27–28 in TyphloelmisBarr (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae), a New Stygobiontic Riffle Beetle Genus with Three New Species from Texas, USA

Figs. 27–28. Finegan Springs, type locality of Typhloelmis finegan. 27) Spring run with outflow of small springs entering on left; 28) Spring head with three drift nets.

Figure 7 in Stygobiont polychaetes: notes on the morphology and the origins of groundwater Namanereis (Annelida: Nereididae: Namanereidinae), with a description of two new species

Figure 7. Morphological adaptations of various Namanereis species arranged to show increasing specialization to subterranean waters (top two) from marine representatives (bottom two). A, C, E, G, anterior end from dorsal; B, D, F, H, parapodia. A, B, Namanereis araps; C, D, Namanereis beroni; E, F, Namanereis littoralis; G, H, Namanereis malaitae. Types of chaetae, 1: sesquigomph spinigers, 2: heterogomph falcigers, 3: heterogomph pseudospiniger, 4: fine, simple chaetae in metamorphosed (epitokous) form. (A, B after Glasby, 1997; C, D after Hartmann-Schröder & Marinov, 1977; E, F after Grube, 1872; G, H after Gibbs, 1971).

Figure 6 in Stygobiont polychaetes: notes on the morphology and the origins of groundwater Namanereis (Annelida: Nereididae: Namanereidinae), with a description of two new species

Figure 6. Namanereis socotrensis sp. nov. Paratype NTM W25485. A, parapodium, chaetiger 10; B, parapodium, chaetiger 60; C, heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 60; D, subacicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 60 (left); supra-acicular heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 60 (right); E, F, left and right side jaws, respectively, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B = 0.2 mm; C, D = 0.02 mm; E, F = 0.1 mm.

Figure 5 in Stygobiont polychaetes: notes on the morphology and the origins of groundwater Namanereis (Annelida: Nereididae: Namanereidinae), with a description of two new species

Figure 5. Namanereis socotrensis sp. nov. Holotype (SMF 22368). Scanning electron micrograph. A, anterior end, right side, lateral view. B, anterior end, left side, lateral view. C, 25–18 posterior-most chaetigers, left side, lateral view. D, chaetae, chaetiger 7, right side. E, chaetae, chaetiger 10, left side. F, posterior end, posterior view. Scale bars: A−C = 300 μm; D, E = 30 μm; F = 100 μm.

Figure 8 in Stygobiont polychaetes: notes on the morphology and the origins of groundwater Namanereis (Annelida: Nereididae: Namanereidinae), with a description of two new species

Figure 8. Global distribution of Namanereis species. Black flag, bifid-jawed stygobionts; black triangles, single terminal tooth-jawed stygobionts; grey triangles, single terminal tooth-jawed littoral species.

Figure 3 in A molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of the suborder Cavernicola within the Tricladida (Platyhelminthes), with the description of a new species of stygobiont flatworm from Benin

Figure 3. Novomitchellia bursaelongata Harrath, Sluys & Riutort, sp. nov. A, holotype. Microphotograph of sagittal section of the pharynx; musculature composed of subepithelial layer of circular fibres, followed by a layer of longitudinal fibres (arrowhead), and outer subepithelial layer of circular muscle (arrow). B, paratype V.Pl. 7225.3. Sagittal section showing the numerous, dorsal testes (arrowheads). C, holotype. Sagittal section showing ventral position of ovary and oviduct, above the ventral nerve cord. D, photomicrograph of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype in sagittal section; large arrow indicates direction of head. E, sagittal section of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype showing connection between common oviduct and bursal canal; large arrow indicates direction of head. Abbreviations: A, atrium; BC, bursal canal; CB, copulatory bursa; CM, circular muscle; COD, common oviduct; DS, dorsal side; ED, ejaculatory duct; G, gonopore; L, lumen; OD, oviduct; OV, oviduct; PP, penis papilla; SV, seminal vesicle; VD, vas deferens; VNC, ventral nerve cord; VS, ventral side. Scale bars = 200 µm.

Figure 1. Bayesian tree inferred from the 18S in A molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of the suborder Cavernicola within the Tricladida (Platyhelminthes), with the description of a new species of stygobiont flatworm from Benin

Figure 1. Bayesian tree inferred from the 18S rDNA sequences showing the relationship of the new Novomitchellia species to other Tricladida species included in this analysis. Maximum likelihood (ML) yielded the same topology. Asterisks at nodes indicate posterior probabilities = 1/bootstrap values> 75% obtained respectively in the ML and Bayesian inference analyses. Scale bar: number of substitutions per nucleotide position.

Figure 4 in A molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of the suborder Cavernicola within the Tricladida (Platyhelminthes), with the description of a new species of stygobiont flatworm from Benin

Figure 4. Novomitchellia bursaelongata Harrath, Sluys & Riutort, sp. nov. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype. Abbreviations: A, atrium; BC, bursal canal; CB, copulatory bursa; COD, common oviduct; G, gonopore; GL, glands; M, mouth; OD, oviduct; PB, penis bulb; PH, pharynx; PP, penis papilla; VD, vas deferens. Scale bar = 150 µm.

Figure 2 in A molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of the suborder Cavernicola within the Tricladida (Platyhelminthes), with the description of a new species of stygobiont flatworm from Benin

Figure 2. Novomitchellia bursaelongata Harrath, Sluys & Riutort, sp. nov. Holotype. A, photograph of preserved specimen in dorsal view; some protuberances are seen on the head (arrowheads); arrow indicates the tail (T). B, photograph of preserved specimen in ventral view; arrow indicates the pharynx (PH). Scale bars not available.

FIGURE 5 in Troglodrilus jugeti n. sp. (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificinae), a new stygobiont oligochaete species from south-western Europe

FIGURE 5. Spermatheca in Troglodrilus species. A: spermathecal duct in a dissected specimen of T. jugeti n. sp.; B: histological section of the spermathecal duct in T. jugeti n. sp.; C: dissected spermatheca and male duct in T. galarzai; D: bulbous spermathecal duct in a dissected specimen of T. galarzai. Abbreviations: ps: penial sac, psh: penial sheath, sa: spermathecal ampulla, sv: spermathecal vestibule, sd: spermathecal duct. Scale bars: 50 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Troglodrilus jugeti n. sp. (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificinae), a new stygobiont oligochaete species from south-western Europe

FIGURE 4. Differences in the penial sheath between T. jugeti n. sp. and T. galarzai. A–B: Montgelas population; C–F: Crotot population; G–I: Santa Eufemia–Ereñozar population; J–M: Gorbeia population. Scale bars: 50 µm. Arrows point to longitudinal folds in the penial sheaths.

FIGURE 3 in Troglodrilus jugeti n. sp. (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificinae), a new stygobiont oligochaete species from south-western Europe

FIGURE 3. Male duct in Troglodrilus species. A: histological section of the male duct in T. jugeti n. sp.; B: dissected male duct in T. galarzai. Abbreviations: ge: granular epithelium, le: light epithelium, p: penis, pr: prostate gland, ps: penial sac, psh: penial sheath, vd: vas deferens. Scale bars: 50 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Troglodrilus jugeti n. sp. (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificinae), a new stygobiont oligochaete species from south-western Europe

FIGURE 2. General diagram and morphological characters of the penial sheath in Troglodrilus. Abbreviations: a: length of the collar lining the penial sac, b: width of the collar lining the penial sac, c: total length of the penial sheath, d: proximal diameter of the stalk, e: distal diameter of the stalk, f: medium diameter of the stalk, g: space between the collar and the stalk, calculated as g = b–d, h: length of the stalk.

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Figs. 1–6. Psychopomporus felipi. 1 in Description of a New Genus and Species of Stygobiontic Diving Beetle,Psychopomporus felipiJean, Telles, and Miller (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae), from the Edwards-Trinity Aquifer System of Texas, USA

Figs. 1–6. Psychopomporus felipi. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Ventral habitus; 3) Prosternal process, left lateral aspect, arrow points at medial prosternal prominences; 4) Male median lobe, ventral aspect; 5) Male median lobe, right lateral aspect; 6) Male right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect. Scale bar = 1 mm for Figs. 1–3 only.