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FIGURE 7 in Tradescantia serrana (Commelinaceae), a new species from southern Brazil, and notes on T. schwirkowskiana and T. umbraculifera

FIGURE 7. Lectotype of Tradescantia umbraculifera (J.C. Novaes 1218, WU-0061328). Published with permission of Universität Wien.

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FIGURE 2. Tradescantia serrana. A in Tradescantia serrana (Commelinaceae), a new species from southern Brazil, and notes on T. schwirkowskiana and T. umbraculifera

FIGURE 2. Tradescantia serrana. A. Overview of upper part of a branch. B. Detail of stem and leaf sheaths. C. Detail of inflorescence. D. Detail of trichomes on pedicel. E. Detail of a trichome on pedicel. F. Detail of anthers. From G. Hassemer & L.A. Funez 888; illustrations by Lucas Cardoso Marinho.

FIGURE 4 in Tradescantia multibracteata, a new species of Commelinaceae from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

FIGURE 4. General scheme of the synflorescence of Tradescantia multibracteata based on the specimen H.M. Büneker 355 et al. Sy. Synflorescence. In. Inflorescence. In - t. Terminal inflorescence. In - a. Axillary inflorescence. b1, b2 and b3. First order bracts of the paracladia. MF. Main florescence (pedunculate triple-cincinni). pF. Partial florescence (cincinnus). P. Peduncle of triple-cincinni.

FIGURE 1. A-B in Tradescantia multibracteata, a new species of Commelinaceae from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

FIGURE 1. A-B. Tradescantia multibracteata (A H.M. Büneker 355 et al.; B H.M. Büneker 492 et al.). A. Habit of the plant in the wild. B. Habitat in rocky outcrops.

FIGURE 3 in Tradescantia multibracteata, a new species of Commelinaceae from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Distribution Tradescantia multibracteata in Brazil. Black circles: extant known populations.

FIGURE 5. A–B in Tradescantia multibracteata, a new species of Commelinaceae from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

FIGURE 5. A–B. Type specimens of Tradescantia valida and T. multibracteata. A. Holotype of T. valida (Image credits: herbarium B, Barcode: B100296487). B. Paratype of T. multibracteata (Image credits: herbarium HDCF, Barcode: HDCF002101).

FIGURE 2. A–F in Tradescantia multibracteata, a new species of Commelinaceae from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

FIGURE 2. A–F. Tradescantia multibracteata (A–F H.M. Büneker 355 et al.). A. Habit of the plant in wild. B. Detail of the plant habit. C. Detail of the synflorescence. D. Detail of the rhizome. E. Detail of the sepals. F. Detail of the inflorescence. b1–b2. Cincinni bracts. bs. Supernumerary bract.

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Figure 1 from: Hassemer G, Funez LA, Ferreira JPR, Aona LYS (2017) The correct typification of Tradescantia crassula (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 80: 121-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.13448

Figure 1 - Lectotype of Tradescantia crassula (tab. 7 in Link and Otto 1828a), designated in Funez et al. (2016: 71).

Figure 6 from: Pellegrini MOO, Forzza RC, Sakuragui CM (2017) Novelties in Brazilian Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 80: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12232

Figure 6 - Tradescantia boliviana (Hassk.) J.R.Grant. A detail of the tuberous roots B habit C detail of fertile branch, showing the conduplicate leaf-blades, and axillary inflorescences D front view of a flower at anthesis, showing the rectangular connectives and C-shaped anther sacs E detail of an immature capsule, showing the densely glandular-pubescent pedicel and sepals, and the capsule apically velutine. Photograph A–B & D by P. Christian (RarePlants.co.uk), C & E by Instituto Darwinion.

Figure 5 from: Pellegrini MOO, Forzza RC, Sakuragui CM (2017) Novelties in Brazilian Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 80: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12232

Figure 5 - Tradescantia ambigua Mart. A sterile habit, showing the amplexicaulous leaf-blades B detail of the stem and leaf-sheath, showing the densely hispid leaf-sheath and blade C detail of the leaf-blade, showing the reddish, ciliate margin, and the sparsely hispid blade D fertile habit, showing the axillary, sessile inflorescences E removed leaf, exposing the sessile inflorescence and showing the reduced cincinni bracts (arrows) F post-anthesis flower, showing the apically spirally-coiled filaments. Photograph A by E.O. Moura, D & F by L.J. Leitão, B–C & E by M.O.O. Pellegrini.

Figure 4 from: Pellegrini MOO, Forzza RC, Sakuragui CM (2017) Novelties in Brazilian Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 80: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12232

Figure 4 - Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Sw. A habit, showing the axillary inflorescences perforating the leaf-sheaths B detail of the leaf-sheath C detail of the inflorescence, showing the spathaceous, saccate cincinni bracts, geniculate flowers, and basally conate sepals D side view of a flower, showing the shallowly-tubular flower, subequal stamens, sagittate connectives, round anther sacs, and trilobate stigma E detail of a branched synflorescence, bearing berry-like fruits. Photograph A by A.P. Maceda, B by P. Schwirkowski, C–E by M.O.O. Pellegrini.

Figure 7 from: Pellegrini MOO, Forzza RC, Sakuragui CM (2017) Novelties in Brazilian Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 80: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12232

Figure 7 - Tradescantia zebrina Heynh. ex Bosse. A habit B detail of a branch, showing the subpetiolate basal leaves, and blades with silver stripes C detail of the abaxial side of the leaf-blade D detail of the stem and leaf-sheath E detail of the terminal inflorescence, showing the spathaceous, saccate, unequal, conduplicate cincinni bracts, and long-tubular flowers with clawed petals F flowers. Photographs by M.O.O. Pellegrini.

Figure 2 from: Pellegrini MOO, Forzza RC, Sakuragui CM (2017) Novelties in Brazilian Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 80: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12232

Figure 2 - Tradescantia chrysophylla M.Pell. A habit B detail of the stem and leaf-sheath, showing the hispid indumentum, and detail of the sessile leaf-blade C detail of the hispid hairs of the leaf-blade and of the ciliolate margin D detail of the inflorescence, showing the unequal cincinni bracts E detail of the bracteole F detail of the pedicel and sepals, showing the glandular hairs G frontal view of the flower H stamen, showing the filament with basal, dense and long moniliform hairs, the rhomboid connective, and the ellipsoid anther sacs I detail of the gynoecium, showing the punctate stigma J mature, partially open capsule, still covered by the persistent sepals. K–L seed: K dorsal view of a seed, showing the costate testa and dorsal embryotega L ventral view of the seed, showing the linear hilum. Line drawing by M.A. Rezende.

Figure 1 from: Pellegrini MOO, Forzza RC, Sakuragui CM (2017) Novelties in Brazilian Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 80: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12232

Figure 1 - Tradescantia crassula Link & Otto. A habit, showing the erect stems, and distichously-alternate leaves with conduplicate blades B detail of the stem and leaf-sheath C detail of the abaxial side of the leaf-blade, showing the lack of hairs and the slightly conspicuous secondary veins D detail of floral buds, showing the setose hairs, restricted to the keels of the sepals E flower F detail of the inflorescence, showing the non-saccate cincinni bracts. Photographs by M.O.O. Pellegrini.

Figure 8 from: Pellegrini MOO, Forzza RC, Sakuragui CM (2017) Novelties in Brazilian Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 80: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12232

Figure 8 - Distribution map of studied Tradescantia L. in the South American domains. Full squares– T. crassula; White squares– T. chrysophylla; Triangles– T. valida; Circles– T. ambigua; Stars– T. boliviana. Light green– Amazon Forest; Orange– Cerrado; Red– Caatinga; Yellow– Chaco and Pantanal; Olive-green– Pampa; Dark green– Atlantic Forest; Purple– Andean Yungas.

Figure 3 from: Pellegrini MOO, Forzza RC, Sakuragui CM (2017) Novelties in Brazilian Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 80: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12232

Figure 3 - Tradescantia valida G.Brückn. Holotype of T. valida (B barcode B100296487). Photograph courtesy of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin.

Figure 8 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 8 - Distribution of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. in blue, and of T. subg. Campelia (Rich.) M.Pell. in purple.

Figure 9 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 9 - Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. A–C habit: A prostrate, mat-forming habit of T. cymbispatha C.B.Clarke B detail of a branch of T. cymbispatha, showing the distichously-alternate leaves C young specimen of T. cerinthoides Kunth, showing the rosette habit and spirally-alternate leaves D subpetiolate leaf of T. tenella Kunth E–F inflorescence: E inflorescence of T. fluminensis Vell., showing the leaf-like, saccate cincinni bracts, and deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis F synflorescence of T. umbraculifera Hand.-Mazz., showing two inflorescence per leaf axil, and spathaceous, saccate cincinni bracts G floral bud of T. fluminensis, showing three keeled sepals H–I flowers: H flower of T. fluminensis, showing the white, plicate petals I flower of T. cerinthoides, showing the pink, flat petals J anther of T. fluminensis, showing the rhomboid connective and elliptic anther sacs K style of T. fluminensis, showing the punctate stigma L seed of T. cerinthoides, showing the costate testa cleft towards the embryotega, and the inconspicuous embryotega. All photos by M.O.O. Pellegrini.

Figure 4 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 4 - Congruence between morphological and molecular datasets. A, majority-rule tree showing the sections and series proposed by Hunt (1975, 1980, 1986b) color-coded; the five newly proposed subgenera are represented by the black bars; Tradescantia guatemalensis C.B.Clarke ex Donn.Sm. is depicted in red, to highlight its placement as sister to Elasis hirsuta (Kunth) D.R.Hunt; the ● represents Tradescantia s.s.; Bremer Index support values are depicted over the branches, while bootstrap support values are depicted under the branches B simplification of the current hypothesis for phylogenetic relationships in tribe Tradescantieae, based on molecular data. Thyrsanthemum Pichon and Weldenia Schult.f. are depicted in red since they were not sampled in the present study. Modified from Hertweck and Pires (2014).

Figure 5 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 5 - Majority-rule tree showing the relation between the genera in the Tradescantia alliance, highlighting the reproductive synapomorphies recovered for each lineage. Synapomorphies for Tinantia (clade A): cincinni verticillate, flowers zygomorphic, filaments sigmoid, anthers dimorphic with inconspicuous connectives, style sigmoid, stigma truncate, and hilum C-shaped. Synapomorphy for clade B: basal bract inconspicuous and tubular. Synapomorphies for Elasis s.l. (clade C): cincinni fasciculate, flowers actinomorphic, filaments sigmoid, anthers dimorphic, style sigmoid, and stigma truncate. Synapomorphies for clade D: double-cincinni fused back to back. Synapomorphies for clade E: seeds triangular to round triangular or tetrahedral, ventrally ridged, hilum elliptic or punctate, and leaf epidermis with silica crystals in specialized cells with thickened cell walls. Synapomorphies for Callisia s.s. (clade F): inflorescences mainly axillary, bracteoles conspicuous, pedicels apically non-gibbous, and penicilliform stigma. Synapomorphies for Tripogandra s.l. (clade G): floral display with a 60° torsion, petals ranging from pink to lilac to purple, antesepalous filaments shorter than the antepetalous, and filaments sigmoid at anthesis and post-anthesis. Synapomorphies for Tradescantia s.s. (clade H): double-cincinni fused back to back; frondose cincinni bracts, pedicels deflexed at post-anthesis, seeds elliptic to oblong in outline, ventrally flattened, hilum linear and longer than ½ the length of the seed, leaf epidermis lacking silica bodies in specialized cells, and diffuse bundle sheath in the mesophyll. Synapomorphies for T. subg. Austrotradescantia (clade I): sepals elliptic to broadly elliptic, all keeled, filaments basally and densely bearded with long moniliform hairs, style obconic at base and conic at apex, and stigma punctate with type D papillae. Synapomorphies for clade J: overlapping cincinni bracts, conspicuous bracteoles sometimes completely involving the cincinnus, membranous sepals, stigmatic papillae equal or shorter than 1μm, and conspicuous embryotega. Synapomorphies for T. subg. Campelia (clade K): synflorescence with one or more coflorescences, presence of peduncle bracts, presence of supernumerary bracts, spathaceous cincinni bracts, flowers with pedicels geniculate at anthesis and pre-anthesis, unequal sepals, androecium with filaments from external series shorter than the internal, pollen white in vivo, pistil longer than the stamens, and semilateral embryotega. Synapomorphies for Core Tradescantia (clade L): petals ranging from lilac to purple or pink, connectives quadrangular to rectangular to slightly curved, anther sacs C-shaped, and pistil the same length as the stamens. Synapomorphies for T. subg. Tradescantia (clade M): pedicels apically non-gibbous, filaments densely bearded with moniliform hairs, and stigmatic papillae restricted to the margins of the stigma. Synapomorphies for clade N: ovary pubescent with eglandular hairs; hilum shorter than ½ the length of the seed. Synapomorphies for T. subg. Mandonia (clade O): inflorescences mainly axillary, sessile main florescences, the presence of supernumerary bracts, reduced cincinni bracts, cincinni bracts not overlapping, chartaceous sepals, filaments apically spirally-coiled at post-anthesis, style ½ time longer than the stamens, and style spirally-coiled at post-anthesis. Synapomorphies for T. subg. Setcreasea (clade P): saccate cincinni bracts, tubular flowers, pedicel the same length as the floral buds, hyaline sepals, fused petals, clawed petals, and epipetalous stamens.