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422 results for “Weed”
Figure 10 in Effects of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) Establishment Time and Distance from the Crop Row on Biological and Phenological Characteristics of the Weed: Implications on Soybean Yield
Figure 10. Effects of Amoronthus polmeri distance from the soybean row on crop yield averaged across A. polmeri establishment times. Vertical bars represent ± standard error of the mean (SE2014 = 337.45; SE2015 = 207.14) from the analysis for comparisons between A. polmeri distances from the crop with sample size n = 72.
Figure 6 in Effects of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) Establishment Time and Distance from the Crop Row on Biological and Phenological Characteristics of the Weed: Implications on Soybean Yield
Figure 6. Effects of weed establishment time on Amoronthus polmeri (AMAPA) flowering (averaged across distance from the crop) at various sampling occasions for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk after soybean emergence (WAE) (i.e., AMAPA-0, AMAPA-1, AMAPA-2, AMAPA-4, AMAPA-6, and AMAPA-8 respectively) in 2014 and 2015. Vertical bars represent ± standard error of the mean (i.e., flowering of the entire A. polmeri population was evaluated at each sampling occasion) from the analysis for comparisons within each sampling date (i.e., n = 12 plots for 0 WAE, 24 plots for 1 WAE, 36 plots for 2 WAE, etc.).
Figure 5 in Effects of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) Establishment Time and Distance from the Crop Row on Biological and Phenological Characteristics of the Weed: Implications on Soybean Yield
Figure 5. Effects of the interaction of weed establishment time and distance from the crop row on Amoronthus polmeri seed production before soybean harvest. Vertical bars represent ± standard error of the mean (SE2014 = 2,530.27; SE2015 = 1,008.30) from the analysis for comparisons between weed establishment times with sample size n = 72. WAE, weeks after soybean emergence.
Figure 8 in Effects of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) Establishment Time and Distance from the Crop Row on Biological and Phenological Characteristics of the Weed: Implications on Soybean Yield
Figure 8. Relationship between ground cover and extinction coefficient for each sampling date (n = 12 plots) throughout the 2015 growing season. WAE, weeks after soybean emergence
Figure 4 in Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future
Figure 4. Agricultural Research Service researchers have focused on understanding how climate change influences weeds/invasive plants and their impacts and management. Image shows a study of how precipitation change influences cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion in rangelands of northeast Wyoming, USA. (Credit: Anna Kuhne)
Figure 5. A in Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future
Figure 5. A conceptual framework providing context for addressing challenges for managing weeds in agroecosystems and natural areas.
Figure 3. Sorgoleone has a in Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future
Figure 3. Sorgoleone has a potential as a plant-incorporated protectant herbicide. The highly bioactive benzoquinone allelochemical sorgoleone is produced exclusively within root hair cells of members of the genus Sorghum. Genes of the entire sorgoleone pathway are being used to transform crops to produce sorgoloeone (Pan et al. 2021).
Figure 2 in Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future
Figure 2. (A) Depiction of a bipartite synthetic Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) cassette (red) consisting of a Cas9 endonuclease and a guide ribonucleic acid RNA (gRNA) that is flanked by homology arms (HA) (black). (B) Following expression of the CRISPR cassette, gRNA binds to Cas9 and directs the complex to a unique sequence-specific site for DNA cleavage and homology-directed repair (HDR). Following HDR, the CRISPR cassette is copied into both genomic regions. (C) Standard Mendelian inheritance results in 50% of progeny inheriting a modified gene. In contrast, a gene drive would bias inheritance, theoretically resulting in all progenies (~99%) inheriting the modified gene, thereby "driving" the modified gene into an invasive weed population.
Figure 1 in Agricultural Research Service Weed Science Research: Past, Present, and Future
Figure 1. (A) BenchBot autonomous high-throughput imaging system, (B) example imagery from BenchBot after automated segmentation of weeds from background objects, (C) testing of the handheld version of the Weeds3D system at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, and (D) example 3D reconstruction of plant biomass from the Weeds3D systems.
Figure 3 in High seeding rates, interrow mowing, and electrocution for weed management in organic no-till planted soybean
Figure 3. Monthly temperature and precipitation in Aurora, NY, USA, in 2021 and 2022. Pink lines indicate 30-yr average.
Figure 1 in Effects of Palmer Amaranth (Amoronthus polmeri) Establishment Time and Distance from the Crop Row on Biological and Phenological Characteristics of the Weed: Implications on Soybean Yield
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the experimental setup depicting the distance of Amoronthus polmeri (AMAPA) from the crop (i.e., 0, 24, and 48 cm from the soybean row) and the sequence of A. polmeri establishment time (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk after soybean emergence [WAE] or AMAPA-0, AMAPA-1, AMAPA-2, AMAPA-4, AMAPA-6, and AMAPA-8, respectively). Each treatment combination (i.e., establishment time × distance from the crop) was applied only to one randomly selected experimental plot per replication.
Figure 3 in Does narrow row spacing suppress weeds and increase yields in corn and soybean? A meta-analysis
Figure 3. The overall effect of narrow row spacing (<76 cm) on weed density, weed biomass,weed control,weed seed production,and crop yield.The vertical black dashed line indicates zero effect. The black dots represent mean effect sizes (log of response ratios [lnðRRÞ]), and the black lines represent their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of observations followed by the number of studies for each effect size. The effect sizes were considered significantly different when their 95% CIs did not overlap or contain zero.
Figure 6 in Does narrow row spacing suppress weeds and increase yields in corn and soybean? A meta-analysis
Figure 6. The effect of narrow row spacing (<76 cm) on crop yield as explained by subgroups of the crop, tillage, weed type, weed management method, herbicide application frequency, and time. The vertical black dashed line indicates zero effect. The black dots represent mean effect sizes (log of response ratios [lnðRRÞ]) for each subgroup, and the black lines represent their respective 99% confidence intervals (CIs). The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of observations followed by the number of studies for each effect size. The effect sizes were considered significantly different when their 99% CIs did not overlap or contain zero.
Figure 2. A in Does narrow row spacing suppress weeds and increase yields in corn and soybean? A meta-analysis
Figure 2. A map of the states in the midwestern and eastern United States showing experimental sites for the 35 corn and soybean narrow row spacing studies included in the meta-analysis.
Figure 2 in Adaptations in wild radish (ROphOnus rOphOnistrum) flowering time, Part 2: Harvest weed seed control shortens flowering by twelve days
Figure 2. Changes in the number of seeds m−2 (A, D, G), the probability of seed capture by harvest weed seed control (HWSC) (B, E, H), and days to first flower (DFF) (C, F, I). (A–C) Varying herbicide efficiencies, in the absence of HWSC, over 30 yr. (D–F) When knockdown herbicide was less effective (-ρ-), when postemergence herbicide was less effective (-○-), and when both herbicides were effective, without HWSC (___) over 20 yr. (G–I) Model used management system P and started with either a smaller seedbank (___) or a larger seedbank (-○-) over 20 yr.
Figure 5 in Does narrow row spacing suppress weeds and increase yields in corn and soybean? A meta-analysis
Figure 5. The individual effect sizes (natural log of response ratios [lnðRRÞ]) of (A) weed density, (B) weed biomass,(C) weed control, (D) weed seed production, and (E) crop yield as a function of crop row spacing. The green and red dots represent individual effect sizes for corn and soybean, respectively. The horizontal black dashed line represents zero effect,while the vertical black line represents 76-cm row spacing (control).The black bold line shows the relationship between individual effect sizes and crop row spacing,which is given as R (Pearson's correlation) with a P-value. The gray-shaded area represents 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the linear relationship.
Figure 8 in Does narrow row spacing suppress weeds and increase yields in corn and soybean? A meta-analysis
Figure 8. Sensitivity analysis showing the variation in overall effect sizes (log of response ratios [ln(RR)]) (mean ± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of narrow row spacing effects on (A) weed density, (B) weed biomass, (C) weed control, (D) weed seed production, and (E) crop yield when any specific study was excluded from the analysis. The vertical red solid and dashed lines represent the mean ± 95% CIs, respectively, of overall effect sizes with all the studies included in the analysis.
Figure 1 in Crop physiological considerations for combining variable-density planting to optimize seed costs and weed suppression
Figure 1. Schematic representation of (A) an aerial image using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to scout fields in year 1, (B) detection of areas of high (orange) and low (yellow) weed density in year 1, and (C) implementation of year 1 weed maps to calibrate precision planter to plant in high (red) and low (green) crop densities in year 2.
Figure 3 in Critical period of weed control in an interseeded system of corn and alfalfa
Figure 3. Interseeded alfalfa total dry biomass yield as a percentage of the weed-free control over the critical duration of weedy treatments averaged over corn hybrid (pendulum and upright) for a 2-yr study (2020–2021). Interseeded corn and alfalfa were established in 2019 and 2020,(establishment years),and alfalfa was harvested four times the following season, in 2020 and 2021. In weedy interseeded treatments, weeds emerged with the crop and were then removed at different dates, creating the critical timing of weed removal (green circles). In weed-free interseeded treatments, weeds were added later in the crop, creating the critical weed free period (black triangles). An interseeded untreated and a weed-free check were included within these treatments. The critical period times are based on a 5% acceptable yield loss and are denoted by the dashed vertical lines, averaged over years and effect of corn hybrid; the boxes denote the SE for each of the growing degree–day estimates. Points represent observed mean values; lines represent the fitted models calculated using the DRC package in R (R Core Team 2020).
Figure 2 in Critical period of weed control in an interseeded system of corn and alfalfa
Figure 2. Interseeded alfalfa dry biomass yield for the first cutting as a percentage of the weed-free interseeded corn and alfalfa control over the critical duration of weedy treatments averaged over corn hybrid (pendulum and upright), for a 2-yr study (2020–2021). Interseeded corn and alfalfa were established in 2019 and 2020 (establishment years), and alfalfa was harvested the following season, in 2020 and 2021. In weedy treatments, weeds emerged with the crop and were then removed at different dates, creating the critical timing of weed removal (green circles).In weed-free interseeded treatments,weeds were added later in the crop, creating the critical weed-free period (black triangles). An interseeded untreated and a weed-free check were included within these treatments. The critical period times are based on a 5% acceptable yield loss and are denoted by the dashed vertical lines, averaged over years and effect of corn hybrid; the boxes denote the SE for each of the growing degree–day estimates. Points represent observed mean values; lines represent the fitted models calculated using the DRC package in R (R Core Team 2020).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.