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247 results for “Zingiberaceae”
Data from: Evolutionary patterns of ploidy and genome size variations show positive correlations with taxonomic diversity in tropical gingers (Zingiberaceae)
<p><strong>Premise: </strong>Cytogenetic traits such as an organism's chromosome number and genome size are taxonomically critical and can define angiosperm diversity. Variations in these cytogenetic traits by evolutionary processes such as polyploidization are known to be common, although underexplored in tropical plants. Zingiberaceae is a pantropical monocot family with ~1500 species where cytogenetic characters have often been used to define taxonomic boundaries, but a family-wide synthesis of cytogenetic patterns is absent.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A time-calibrated Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed to test for different models of chromosome number and genome size evolution in Zingiberaceae. We next tested how chromosome number and genome size variations differed with lineage-age, taxonomic diversity, and distributional range at two taxonomic ranks: within the family Zingiberaceae, and in the genus Hedychium using correlations, generalized linear models and phylogenetic least square models.</p> <p><strong>Key results:</strong> The most frequent changes in chromosome number within Zingiberaceae were demi-polyploidization and polyploidization (~57 % of the time), followed by ascending dysploidy (~27 %). The subfamily Zingiberoideae showed descending dysploidy at its base, while Alpinioideae showed polyploidization at its internal nodes. Although chromosome counts and genome sizes did not corroborate with each other, suggesting that they are not equivalent, at both taxonomic ranks, higher chromosome number variations and higher genome size variations were associated with higher taxonomic diversity and wider biogeographic distribution.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Within Zingiberaceae, multiple incidences of polyploidization were discovered, and these cytogenetic events appear to have impacted the morphology, decreased genome sizes, and increased taxonomic diversity, distributional range and invasiveness of plants within this family. </p>
FIGURE 2. Zingiber inodorum. A in Zingiber inodorum (Zingiberaceae: Zingiberoideae), a new species of Z. sect. Cryptanthium from Hainan, China
FIGURE 2. Zingiber inodorum. A. Inflorescences and flowers (apical view: a; side view: s). B. Single flower within its bract (a) with dissection showing flower parts: bract (b), bracteole (c), calyx (d, broken laterally), dorsal corolla lobe (e), two lateral corolla lobes (f & g), labellum with lateral staminodes basally adnate (h), upper part of floral tube with stamen and stigma (i, adaxial view), ovary with two epigynous glands (j). C. A dehisced fruit with seeds. E. A dehisced fruit showing the shiny scarlet valves. E. Seeds almost totally covered by white arils and a seed with aril removed. A & B are based on Q.L. Wang 20230809012, C–E are based on Q.L. Wang 20240117002. Photos: Q.L. Wang.
FIGURE 1. Zingiber inodorum. A–B in Zingiber inodorum (Zingiberaceae: Zingiberoideae), a new species of Z. sect. Cryptanthium from Hainan, China
FIGURE 1. Zingiber inodorum. A–B. Habit, showing that leafy shoots form small clumps and each leafy shoot often supports only 4–7 laminae. C. A plant showing the lamina shape, long petiole (lower left) and densely pubescent ligules (lower middle and right). D. An inflorescence that is half immersed in soil, with a flower beginning to wither (photographed at 10 am). E. Rhizomes, showing that the rhizome units are not aligned in a single plane (each rhizome unit appears in a lateral position relative to its antecedent rhizome unit), internal colour of rhizome (upper right) and internal colour of root tuber (lower right). D is based on Q.L. Wang 20230809012, A–C & E are based on Q.L. Wang 20240117002. Photos: A–D by Q.L. Wang, E by L. Bai.
FIGURE 2. Zingiber mizoramensis. A. habit. B. leaf. C. ligule. D in Two new Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) species from Northeast India
FIGURE 2. Zingiber mizoramensis. A. habit. B. leaf. C. ligule. D. portion of plant with rhizome and inflorescence. E. bract. F. bracteole. G. flower. H. calyx. I. dorsal lobe of corolla. J. lateral lobes of corolla. K. labellum. L. stamen with crest. M. stigma. N. cross-section of ovary (Photo credit: S.K. Singh & Ramesh Kumar).
FIGURE 1. Zingiber murlenica. A in Two new Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) species from Northeast India
FIGURE 1. Zingiber murlenica. A. plant in habitat. B. Leaf. C. ligule. D. portion of plant with rhizome and inflorescence. E. inflorescence. F. bract. G. bracteole. H. flower with bracteole. I. calyx with ovary. J. dorsal lobe of corolla. K. lateral lobes of corolla. L. labellum. M. stamen with crest. N. cross-section of ovary (Photo credit: S.K. Singh & Ramesh Kumar).
FIGURE 4. Curcuma sahuynhensis. A. A small inflorescence with a in Curcuma arida and C. sahuynhensis, two new species from subgenus Ecomata (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 4. Curcuma sahuynhensis. A. A small inflorescence with a flower in side view. B. Flowers in front view. C. Fruits and seeds (scale bar in mm). D. Detail of stamen in front, back and side views. E. Flower dissection: Fertile bracts, flower in fertile bract, calyx, corolla lobes, staminodes and labellum with stamen in the centre, floral tube (with ovary, calyx and stamen attached). From type Lý-486. Photo: Lý Ngọc Sâm
FIGURE 3. Curcuma sahuynhensis. A–C in Curcuma arida and C. sahuynhensis, two new species from subgenus Ecomata (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 3. Curcuma sahuynhensis. A–C. Plants with various degree of coloration of the bracts. D. Natural habitat. From type Lý-486. Photos: Lý Ngọc Sâm
FIGURE 2 in Curcuma arida and C. sahuynhensis, two new species from subgenus Ecomata (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 2. Curcuma arida in the typical dry habitat at the type locality where it grows on stony slopes under the shrubby vegetation often intermingled with succulent members of Euphorbia. Photo: J. Leong-Škorničková
FIGURE 1. Curcuma arida. A in Curcuma arida and C. sahuynhensis, two new species from subgenus Ecomata (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 1. Curcuma arida. A. Habit and detail of ligule (inset). B. Inflorescence. C. Cincinnus. D. Young fruit. E. Rhizome (scale bar in mm). F. Flower dissection: flower in side view, flower bud, floral tube (with ovary, calyx and stamen attached), corolla lobes, staminodes and labellum, fertile bract (scale bar in cm). G. Epigynous glands, anther (side and front view; scale bar in mm). From type JLS-2575. Photos: J. Leong-Škorničková
FIGURE 6 in A new species of Boesenbergia and rediscovery of B. rotunda (Zingiberaceae) from India
FIGURE 6. Comparison of anatomy of various parts and pollen grains of Boesenbergia meghalayensis (A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O & Q) and B. rotunda (B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P & R). A & B. T.S of midrib (towards base). C & D. T.S of midrib (towards tip). E & F. Lamina. G & H. Margin. I & J. Sheath. K & L. Petiole. M & N. Petiole margin. O & P. Epidermal peeling (abaxial surface) and Q & R. Pollen. (Inset in A. Oil cell in B. meghalayansis. M & N. Petiole margins- portion enlarged).
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Boesenbergia and rediscovery of B. rotunda (Zingiberaceae) from India
FIGURE 5. UPGMA tree using ITS gene sequences of Boesenbergia species in India (Bootstrap percentage indicated on side).
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Boesenbergia and rediscovery of B. rotunda (Zingiberaceae) from India
FIGURE 4. UPGMA tree using matK gene sequences of Boesenbergia species in India (Bootstrap percentage indicated on side).
FIGURE 3. Boesenbergia rotunda. A in A new species of Boesenbergia and rediscovery of B. rotunda (Zingiberaceae) from India
FIGURE 3. Boesenbergia rotunda. A. Habit (Inset: flower- front view). B. Flower. C. Bract. D. Bracteole. E. Calyx. F. Corolla lobes. G. Lateral staminodes. H. Labellum. I. Stamen- side view. J. Stamen- ventral view. K. Ovary with epigynous glands. L. Stigma. M. C.S of ovary. (Photos by Aishwarya, K. from Thomas, V.P. & Prasanth Kumar, M.G. 115304).
FIGURE 1. Boesenbergia meghalayensis. A in A new species of Boesenbergia and rediscovery of B. rotunda (Zingiberaceae) from India
FIGURE 1. Boesenbergia meghalayensis. A. Habit (Inset: flower- front view). B. Flower. C. Bract. D. Bracteole. E. Calyx. F. Corolla lobes. G. Lateral staminodes. H. Labellum. I. Stamen- side view. J. Stamen- ventral view. K. Ovary with epigynous glands. L. Stigma. M. C.S of ovary. (Photos by Aishwarya, K. from Sanoj, E. 95637).
FIGURE 2. Boesenbergia meghalayensis. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Bract. D. Bracteole. E. Calyx. F. Corolla lobes. G. Lateral staminodes. H. Labellum. I. Stamen- side view. J. Stamen- ventral view. K. Ovary with epigynous glands. L. Stigma. M. C.S in A new species of Boesenbergia and rediscovery of B. rotunda (Zingiberaceae) from India
FIGURE 2. Boesenbergia meghalayensis. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Bract. D. Bracteole. E. Calyx. F. Corolla lobes. G. Lateral staminodes. H. Labellum. I. Stamen- side view. J. Stamen- ventral view. K. Ovary with epigynous glands. L. Stigma. M. C.S of ovary. (Illustration by Aishwarya, K. from Sanoj, E. 95637).
FIGURE 3. Zingiber cardiocheilum. A. Habit. B in Nine new Zingiber species (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 3. Zingiber cardiocheilum. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence (in natural hanging down position) with detail of flowers in side view. C. Rhizome (scale in cm). D. Flower (front view). E. Detail of ligules (scale bar in mm). F. Dissection (from left): floral tube with ovary, calyx and anther (front view; image rotated 180°), dorsal and lateral corolla lobes, labellum with lateral staminodes, (scale bar in mm). G. Detail of anther (front view), ovary and epigynous glands (scale bar in mm). Photo: Jana Leong-Škorničková.
FIGURE 7. Zingiber discolor. A. Habit. B in Nine new Zingiber species (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 7. Zingiber discolor. A. Habit. B. Detail of ligules. C–D. Inflorescence (note the difference in colour of bracts) E. Flower (front view). F. Detail of ovary with epigynous glands and anther (side and front view). G. Dissection (from left): Floral tube with ovary, calyx and stamen attached, dorsal corolla lobe, two lateral corolla lobes, labellum, bracteole and fertile bract (scale bar in cm). Photo: Jana Leong-Škorničková.
FIGURE 2. Zingiber atroporphyreus. A. Habit. B in Nine new Zingiber species (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 2. Zingiber atroporphyreus. A. Habit. B. Detail of ligules in upper part of the leafy shoot (front view on the left, back view on the right). C. Cincinnus of three flowers. D. Flower (side view). E. Inflorescence (in manipulated position, naturally hanging down). F. Dissection (from left): entire flower in side view, calyx, ovary with epigynous glands attached, ventral half of the floral tube with labellum and staminodes attached, style with stigma, dorsal half of floral tube with stamen attached, three corolla lobes (dorsal in the middle), and fertile bract (opened and viewed form inside) (scale bar in mm). Photo: A & B: Jana Leong-Škorničková, C–F: Nguyễn Quốc Bình.
FIGURE 9. Zingiber yersinii. A. Habit. B–C in Nine new Zingiber species (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 9. Zingiber yersinii. A. Habit. B–C. Detail of ligule. D–E. Inflorescence. F. Flower (front view). G. Dissection (from left): dorsal corolla lobe, two lateral corolla lobes, labellum with lateral staminodes connate to it, Floral tube with ovary and stamen attached (calyx removed), bracteole, bract; scale bar in cm). H. Detail of ovary with epigynous glands and anther (side and front view). Photo: Jana Leong-Škorničková.
FIGURE 8. Zingiber microcheilum. A. Habit. B. Pseudostem. C in Nine new Zingiber species (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 8. Zingiber microcheilum. A. Habit. B. Pseudostem. C. Detail of ligule. D. Inflorescence. E. Flower (side view). F. Flower (front view). G. Dissection (from left): Flower (front view), flower (side view), corolla lobes and labellum, ovary with epigynous glands, calyx, floral tube (split in half) with anther in front view, bracteole, bract; (scale bar in cm). H. Detail of ovary with epigynous glands and anther (side and front view). Photo: Jana Leong-Škorničková.
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