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Figure 1 in Description of a new Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 from Turkey (Zodariidae; Araneae)

Figure 1. Zodarion bigaense sp. nov. A) Male palp, ventral view; B) Male palp, retrolateral view; C) Epigyne; D) Vulva – Z. turcicum Wunderlich, 1980; E) Male palp, ventral view; F) Male palp, retrolateral view; G) Epigyne; H) Vulva. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 3 in The impact of predation by the myrmecophagous spider Zodarion elegans (Araneae: Zodariidae) on the activity pattern of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 3 Foraging activity of ants leaving the nest in correlation with absence/presence of Z. elegans individuals. Activity per day was measured as the number of leaving plus returning worker ants per min in a half-hour intervals; counts were summarized per day (0 = absence of Z. elegans, 1 = presence of Z. elegans).

Figure 5 in The impact of predation by the myrmecophagous spider Zodarion elegans (Araneae: Zodariidae) on the activity pattern of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 5. Tasks performed by marked foragers inside the nest when nest entrances were closed due to predation pressure. The number of workers per activity was summarized during the duration of three perturbation experiments. Per experiment 30 workers – 10 Minor-workers, 10 Medium-workers and 10 Major-workers – were marked.

Figure. 4 in The impact of predation by the myrmecophagous spider Zodarion elegans (Araneae: Zodariidae) on the activity pattern of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure. 4 Foraging activity of ants returning to the nest in correlation with absence/presence of Z. elegans individuals. Scores were taken during half-hour intervals (0 = absence of Z. elegans, 1 = presence of Z. elegans).

Figure 1 in The impact of predation by the myrmecophagous spider Zodarion elegans (Araneae: Zodariidae) on the activity pattern of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 1. Frequency of Z. elegans individuals found within a distance of max. 0.5 m to active/inactive ant colonies in a) spring 2009, b) summer 2009 and c) autumn 2009 (1 = active colonies, 0 = inactive colonies).

Figure 2 in The impact of predation by the myrmecophagous spider Zodarion elegans (Araneae: Zodariidae) on the activity pattern of the Mediterranean harvester ant Messor wasmanni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 2 Flow diagram of nest entrance closure in response to prey capture by the spider Z. elegans. In total, four experiments were performed with an overall duration of 100 days (Trial 1: n = 20, Trial 2: n = 30, Trial 3: n = 30, Trial 4: n = 20, n(total) = 100). The capture of M. wasmanni workers by Z. elegans is necessary to prompt ants to end aboveground activity and close nest entrances. By contrast, the presence of spiders in the formicarium alone was not sufficient to prompt ants to close nest entrances after aboveground foraging activity ceased.

Fig. 13 in Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run

Fig. 13. Ballomma neethlingi gen. et sp. nov. A–B. Paratype, ♂ (NCA 76/1048) C. Holotype, ♀. A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 15 in Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run

Fig. 15. Predicted distribution of Ballomma gen. nov. calculated in DIVA-GIS on the base of all climatic data as default in the software. Black dots present known localities of Balloma gen. nov. Dark green areas have expected occurrence with the 5–95 percentile; pale green with 2.5–97.5 percentile.

Fig. 12 in Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run

Fig. 12. Ballomma neethlingi gen. et sp. nov. A–B. ♂ (NCA 76/1048) C. Holotype, ♀. A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 10 in Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run

Fig. 10. Ballomma legala gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, ♀. A. Epigyne, ventral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, digested, dorsal view. D. As preceding, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 11 in Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run

Fig. 11. Ballomma neethlingi gen. et sp. nov. A–C. Paratype, ♂ (NCA 76/1048) D–E. Holotype, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. As preceding, detail. D. Habitus, dorsal view. E. As preceding, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 9 in Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run

Fig. 9. Ballomma legala gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. As preceding, frontal view. D. As preceding, lateral view. E. Mouth parts, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 8 in Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run

Fig. 8. Ballomma haddadi gen. et sp. nov. A–B. Holotype, ♂. C–D. ♀♀ (MRAC 132641). A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. As preceding, other specimen. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 5 in Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run

Fig. 5. Ballomma erasmus gen. et sp. nov. Paratype, ♀. A. Epigyne, cleared, ventral view. B. As preceding, dorsal view. C. Epigyne, SEM, dorsal view. D. As preceding, detail. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D = 50 mm.

Fig. 7 in Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run

Fig. 7. Ballomma haddadi gen. et sp. nov. A–B. Holotype, ♂. C. ♀ (MRAC 132641). A. Male palp, retrolateral view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 13 in Revalidation of Acanthinozodium Denis, 1966 with description of three new species and discovery of a remarkable male palpal character (Araneae, Zodariidae)

Fig. 13. Distribution map of A. crateriferum sp. nov. (●), A. sahelense sp. nov. (■) and A. quercicola sp. nov. (▲).

Fig. 12. A in Revalidation of Acanthinozodium Denis, 1966 with description of three new species and discovery of a remarkable male palpal character (Araneae, Zodariidae)

Fig. 12. A. Acanthinozodium tibesti Jocqué, 1991, holotype ♀ (MRAC 133011), epigyne, ventral view; arrows indicate both sides plugged. B. Acanthinozodium sahariense Denis, 1959 (CRB), male palp, dorsolateral view; arrow indicates the crater-like plug pit. C. Acanthinozodium sericeum Denis, 1956 (CRB), male palp, dorsolateral view; arrow shows the crater-like plug pit. D. Idem, detail of previous. E. Same specimen, abdomen, ventral view. F. Idem, detail of previous. G. Same specimen, femoral organ on leg II. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C, E = 100 μm; F = 20 μm D, G = 10 μm.

Fig. 10 in Revalidation of Acanthinozodium Denis, 1966 with description of three new species and discovery of a remarkable male palpal character (Araneae, Zodariidae)

Fig. 10. Acanthinozodium quercicola sp. nov., holotype Ƌ. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Idem, ventral view. C. Palp, dorsal view; arrow indicates the crater-like plug pit. D. Idem, prolateral view. E. Idem, ventral view. F. Idem, retrolateral view; arrow indicates the tooth at base of the RTA. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C–F = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 9 in Revalidation of Acanthinozodium Denis, 1966 with description of three new species and discovery of a remarkable male palpal character (Araneae, Zodariidae)

Fig. 9. Acanthinozodium sahelense sp. nov. SEM photos of Ƌ and ♀ from Faro Game Reserve (MRAC 221183). A. Male palp, base of cymbium, dorsal view. B. Detail of previous showing "plug pit", dorsal view. C. Male palp, ventral view. D. Detail of previous, showing MA in expanded position. E. Male, femoral organ. F. Epigyne, after digestion, dorsal view; arrows indicate the two spermatheca chambers; star indicates the atria. G. Detail of previous showing spermatheca with two chambers. Scale bars: A, C–D, F–G = 100 μm; B, E = 10 μm.

Fig. 2 in Ballomma, a new Afrotropical genus in the Cryptothelinae (Araneae, Zodariidae): eyes on the run

Fig. 2. Ballomma erasmus gen. et sp. nov. A–C. Paratype, ♀. D. Holotype, ♂. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. As preceding, ventral view. C. As preceding, lateral view. D. Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.