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79 results for “aboveground plant biomass”
Plant aboveground biomass data: Effects of Various Nutrients and Water on Vegetation
This experiment was conducted within the fenced areas of fields A, B, C, and D. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of various nutrients on vegetation. There were eight different nutrients and a control. The different nutrients were N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, H2O, and a combination of trace metals. There were 36 plots in each field, 4 replicates of the 9 treatment levels. The plots were 1 meter by 4 meters and were laid out in a 4 by 9 grid. The grid was divided into 4 quarters and treatments were assigned with a randomized block design.
Plant aboveground biomass data: The Effect of Nitrogen Addition and Irrigation in High Diveristy Prairies
Water and nitrogen are two potentially major limiting resources in prairie grasslands of the region, and thus might be added to restored high-diversity grasslands used for biofuel production. In this full-factorial experiment, 36 high-diversity 9 m x 9 m plots that were planted with 32 species in 1994 were randomly assigned to one of six treatments. Treatments were all combination of a water treatment (ambient rainfall or ambient rainfall plus ~ 2 cm/week of irrigation) and of a nitrogen treatment (annual nitrogen addition of 0, 7, or 14 grams of N - as ammonium nitrate - per square meter). Aboveground biomass is harvested each fall in each plot, dried, and weighed. These treatments are determining the importance of both water and N limitation in high-diversity restored prairie grassland, their interactive effects, and the year-to-year variation in yields and treatment effects. They are also determining the potential sustainability of such yields and the effects of the various treatments on plant diversity.
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequences
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. The experiment is being conducted within fields (A, B, C, and D) which were initially low in soil nutrients. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. There are 6 replicates of the 9 treatments in fields A, B, and C and 5 replicates in field D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the plots. In fields A, B, and C the plots are in 6 by 9 grids and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. In field D the plots are 1.5 by 4 meters and are placed in a 3 by 17 grid. The plots are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. Nitrogenfertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. This experiment was begun in 1982 by David Tilman.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Nitrogen Addition and Dynamics of Recovery from Cessation of N Addition
This experiment was established on top of E002 in fields A and C. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to receive no more fertilizer. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a description of fertilizer added to E097, see file fertilization details. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte97.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Effect of Herbivores on Vegetation Treated with Different N Levels and the Effect of N Addition on Herbivore Populations.
The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of NH4NO3 addition on vegetation and herbivore populations and the effects of various herbivores on vegetation treated with different nitrogen levels. This experiment is being conducted in fields A, B, and C and is nested within the macroplots of E004. There are 4 fence exclosures each designed to exclude a specific group of herbivores, a fence exclosure to exclude all 4 groups, a fence that should exclude no herbivores to measure fence effects, and a plot with no fence as a control. Exclosures are 2 by 4 meters and are located in macroplot subsections 3 and 8. Herbivore treatments are randomly placed in the grid. For a description of fertilizer added to E005, see file fertilization details. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte05.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Herbivory by Nitrogen Interactive Effects on Community and Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics
E172 is an herbivory experiment established by Dave Tilman in fall 2004 by enclosing in deer fences three randomly selected plots from the six replicates of each control and each treatment in the N addition E001 experiment in field C. These plots still receive the nutrient treatments prescribed in the Experiment 001 protocols. From 1982-2004 a fence containing all of e001 plots in Field C was designed to exclude deer and all small mammals, including mice, voles and pocket gophers. This fence was removed in Fall of 2004 and individual plots designated for e172 were enclosed in deer fences. The purpose of E001 was to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time would affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. The plots are in a 6 by 9 grid and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June.
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Herbivory by Nitrogen Interactive Effects on Community and Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics
E172 is an herbivory experiment established by Dave Tilman in fall 2004 by enclosing in deer fences three randomly selected plots from the six replicates of each control and each treatment in the N addition E001 experiment in field C. These plots still receive the nutrient treatments prescribed in the Experiment 001 protocols. From 1982-2004 a fence containing all of e001 plots in Field C was designed to exclude deer and all small mammals, including mice, voles and pocket gophers. This fence was removed in Fall of 2004 and individual plots designated for e172 were enclosed in deer fences. The purpose of E001 was to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time would affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. The plots are in a 6 by 9 grid and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Effect of N Addition on Vegetation with Mammalian Herbivory
The purpose of this experiment is to look at the effect of NH4NO3 addition in an unfenced area. The experiment is located in field E. There are 4 different treatments C, F, H, and I as defined in fertilization details in the "microplot" strategy. The plots are 4 by 4 meters and are laid out in an 8 by 8 grid with 1 meter aisles. From 1989-1994 plots with fertilizer treatment 1 were treated as complete controls, receiving no nutrients at all.
Plant aboveground biomass:Effects of Long Term Fertilization and Oak Canopy Cover on Plant Communities and Ecosystem Processes
In 1996 E142 was established in field D on top of the E004 macroplots. E004 was conducted in fields A, B, C and D by Dave Tilman. The purpose of E004 was to see what effect NH4NO3 addition has on large areas over a longer period of time with exposure to naturally-occurring levels of herbivory. The nutrient addition treatments in E004, E142 plots have been applied annually since 1982. These experiments, along with others at Cedar Creek, examine the community and ecosystem consequences of chronic nutrient loading.
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen:Effects of Long Term Fertilization and Oak Canopy Cover on Plant Communities and Ecosystem Processes
In 1996 E142 was established in field D on top of the E004 macroplots. E004 was conducted in fields A, B, C and D by Dave Tilman. The purpose of E004 was to see what effect NH4NO3 addition has on large areas over a longer period of time with exposure to naturally-occurring levels of herbivory. The nutrient addition treatments in E004, E142 plots have been applied annually since 1982. These experiments, along with others at Cedar Creek, examine the community and ecosystem consequences of chronic nutrient loading.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Effect of N Addition on Vegetation With Mammalian Herbivory Initially on Disked Ground
This experiment is identical to E008 except the ground was disked thoroughly before the plots were laid out. From 1989-1994, plots with fertilizer treatment 1 were treated as complete controls (treatment 9), receiving no nutrients at all.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Herbivore Effects on a Large, Unmanipulated Area
The purpose of this experiment was to measure herbivore effects over a large area that had not been manipulated rather than the 4 by 4 meter treatment I plots in E008 and E009. None of the plots in this experiment received any nutrients. Otherwise, the construction of this experiment is identical to E008 and E009.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Effects of Nitrogen on Vegetation Under Herbivore Pressure
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the effect of NH4NO3 addition on vegetation under herbivore pressure. This experiment is located in fields A, B, and C. There are 3 treatments, 2 nitrogen levels and a control. The treatments are E, G, and I as defined in fertilization details under the "microplot" category. There are 16 reps of the 3 treatments for a total of 48 plots in each field. Treatments are randomly assigned to the plots. The plots are 4 by 4 meters and are laid out in a 6 by 8 grid with 1 meter aisles. For a list of treatments, /see the treatment layouts in files trmte11. In 1987, experiment E053 was established on top of E011 in field C. For a list of treatments, see E053. Also is 1992, experiment (Walt Carson's) was established on top of E011 in field C. In the spring of 1992, experiment E100 was established on top of E011, in fields A, and B. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte100.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Effect of Fire Frequency on Grassland Vegetation and Soils
The purpose of this experiment, begun in 1983 by Johannes Knops, is to determine what effect different fire frequencies have on grassland vegetation. This experiment is being conducted in field B. There are 4 different burn treatments: 1. plots burned every year 2. plots burned every other year 3. controls which are not burned 4. plots burned every fourth year There are 6 replicates of each treatment which were randomly assigned to the 24 plots. Plots are 8 by 8 meters and are placed in a 3 by 8 grid with 2 meter walkways. Plots are marked with colored rebar at each corner.
Aboveground plant biomass for east of T-van, 1998 - 2004.
These data were used in the following related publication: Bowman, William D., Gartner, Julia R., Holland, Keri, and Wiedermann, Magdalena. 2006. Nitrogen critical loads for alpine vegetation and terrestrial ecosystem response - Are we there yet? Ecological Applications 16:1183-1193. doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1183:NCLFAV]2.0.CO;2 Increases in the deposition of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) have been linked to several terrestrial ecological changes, including soil biogeochemistry, plant stress susceptibility, and community diversity. Recognizing the need to identify sensitive indicators of biotic response to N deposition, we empirically estimated the N critical load for changes in alpine plant community composition and compared this with the estimated critical load for soil indicators of ecological change. We also measured the degree to which alpine vegetation may serve as a sink for anthropogenic N and how much plant sequestration is related to changes in species composition. We addressed these research goals by adding 20, 40, or 60 kg N.ha-1yr-1, along with an ambient control (6 kg N ha-1 yr-1 total deposition), to a species rich alpine dry meadow for an eight-year period. Change in plant species composition associated with the treatments occurred within three years of the initiation of the experiment and were significant at all levels of N addition. Using individual species abundance changes and ordination scores, we estimated the N critical loads (total deposition) for (1) change in individual species to be 4 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and (2) for overall community change to be 10 kg N ha-1 yr-1. In contrast, increases in NO3 leaching, soil solution inorganic NO3, and net N nitrification occurred at levels above 20 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Increases in total aboveground biomass were modest and transient, occurring in only one of the three years measured. Vegetative uptake of N increased significantly, primarily as a result of increasing tissue N concentrations and biomass increase
Soil engineering by ants facilitates plant compensation for large herbivore removal of aboveground biomass
<p>The interplay between top-down and bottom-up processes determines ecosystem productivity. Yet, the factors that mediate the balance between these opposing forces remain poorly understood. Furthering this challenge, complex and often cryptic factors like ecosystem engineering and trait-mediated interactions may play major roles in mediating the outcomes of top-down and bottom-up interactions. In semi-arid grasslands of northeastern China, we conducted a large-scale, three-year experiment to evaluate how soil engineering by ants and plasticity in plants independently and jointly influenced the top-down effects of grazing by a ubiquitous herbivore (cattle) on aboveground standing biomass of the dominant perennial grass, <i><span>Leymus chinensis</span></i>. Herbivory had strong top-down effects, reducing <i><span>L. chinensis</span></i> AB by 25% relative to baseline levels without cattle or ants. In contrast, soil engineering by ants facilitated weak bottom-up effects in the absence of herbivory. However, in the presence of herbivory, soil engineering effects were strong enough to fully offset herbivore removal of aboveground biomass. This outcome was mediated by <i><span>L. chinensis</span></i>'s plasticity in reallocating growth from below- to aboveground biomass, a result linked to additive effects of engineers and herbivores increasing soil N availability and engineering effects improving soil structure. Soil engineering increased soil N by 12%, promoting aboveground biomass. Herbivores increased soil N by 13% via defecation, but this increase failed to offset their reductions in aboveground biomass in isolation. However, when combined, engineers and herbivores increased soil N by 26% and engineers improved soil bulk density, facilitating <i><span>L. chinensis</span></i> to shift resource allocations from below- to aboveground biomass sufficiently to fully offset herbivore suppression of aboveground biomass. Our results demonstrate that soil engineering and trait-mediated effects of plant plasticity can strongly mediate the outcome of top-down and bottom-up interactions. These cryptic but perhaps ubiquitous processes may help to explain the long-debated phenomenon of plant compensatory responses to large grazers. </p>
Soil engineering by ants facilitates plant compensation for large herbivore removal of aboveground biomass
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Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen:Effect of Fire Frequency on Grassland Vegetation and Soils
The purpose of this experiment, begun in 1983 by Johannes Knops, is to determine what effect different fire frequencies have on grassland vegetation. This experiment is being conducted in field B. There are 4 different burn treatments: 1. plots burned every year 2. plots burned every other year 3. controls which are not burned 4. plots burned every fourth year There are 6 replicates of each treatment which were randomly assigned to the 24 plots. Plots are 8 by 8 meters and are placed in a 3 by 8 grid with 2 meter walkways. Plots are marked with colored rebar at each corner.
Annual Removal of Aboveground Plant Biomass Alters Soil Microbial Responses to Warming
GEO Series GSE86527. Fungi; Viruses; Bacteria; Archaea. 24 samples. Type: Genome variation profiling by array.
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