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1,048 results for “aging effects”
Social network shrinking is explained by active and passive effects but not increasing selectivity with age in wild macaques
<p>Evidence of social disengagement, network narrowing, and social selectivity with advancing age in several non-human animals challenges our understanding of the causes of social ageing. Natural animal populations are needed to test whether social ageing and selectivity occur under natural predation and extrinsic mortality pressures, and longitudinal studies are particularly valuable to disentangle the contribution of within-individual ageing from the demographic processes that shape social ageing at the population level. Data on wild Assamese macaques (<em>Macaca assamensis</em>) were collected between 2013 and 2020 at the Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. We investigated the social behaviour of 61 adult females observed for 13,270 hours to test several mechanistic hypotheses of social ageing and evaluated the consistency between patterns from mixed-longitudinal and within-individual analyses. With advancing age, females reduced the size of their social network, which could not be explained by an overall increase in the time spent alone, but by an age-related decline in mostly active, but also passive, behaviour, best demonstrated by within-individual analyses. A selective tendency to approach preferred partners was maintained into old age but did not increase. Our results contribute to our understanding of the driver of social ageing in natural animal populations and suggest that social disengagement and selectivity follow independent trajectories during ageing.</p>
Close-kin mark-recapture simulation study on the effects of incorrect ageing
<h2>Close-kin mark-recapture simulation study on the effects of incorrect ageing</h2> <p>This repository contains the code and data used to run the simulation study. <br>The results and details of this study are described in the manuscript "Age is not just a number: how incorrect ageing impacts close-kin mark-recapture estimates of population size", which is currently under review at Ecology and Evolution. The results also appear in Chapter 4 of the PhD thesis "Advancements in methods for estimating the abundance of marine megafauna using novel sampling techniques" by Felix T Petersma. <br>We provide some information in support of the files presented here; however, for extensive background we kindly refer you to the PhD chapter or upcoming publication.<br>The study is collaborative effort with Len Thomas, Danielle Harris, Darcy Bradley and Yannis Papastamatiou.</p> <p>Most of the functionality of the model fitting is contained in the 'CKMRcpp'-package. <br>This package has been included pre-built and can be installed using the file 'CKMRcpp_1.0.tar.gz'.<br>Once this package is installed, all scripts included in this location should run fine, given that all other packages that are used are installed as well.</p> <p>Besides the scripts, most of the data files associated with the simulation, fitting, and analysis of the results, are also included in this repository.</p> <p>If anything remains unclear about the files, running of the scripts, and reproducibility of the results, please contact felix.petersma@gmail.com or ftp@st-andrews.ac.uk. </p>
Data from: Maternal age effects on offspring lifespan and reproduction vary within a species
<p>Across diverse taxa, offspring from older mothers have decreased lifespan and fitness. Little is known about the extent to which maternal age effects vary among genotypes for a given species, however, except for studies of a few arthropod species. To investigate the presence and degree of intraspecific variability in maternal age effects, we compared lifespan, reproductive schedule, and lifetime reproductive output of offspring produced by young, middle-aged, and old mothers in four strains of rotifers in the <em>Brachionus plicatilis </em>species complex. We found significant variability among strains in the magnitude and direction of maternal age effects on offspring life history traits. In one strain, offspring of young mothers lived 20% longer than offspring of old mothers, whereas there were no significant effects of maternal age on lifespan for other strains. Depending on strain, advanced maternal age had positive effects, negative effects, or no effect on lifetime reproductive output. Across strains, older mothers produced offspring that had higher maximum daily reproduction early in life. Effects of maternal age on offspring vital rates could not be explained by changes in trade-offs between lifespan and reproduction. This study documents intraspecific variability in maternal age effects in an additional clade. Investigating intraspecific variability is critical for understanding the ubiquity of maternal age effects and their role in the evolution of life history and aging.</p>
Combined effect of temperature, age and sex on food consumption
<p>Abiotic and biotic factors play key roles on the feeding attributes of herbivorous insects. We therefore evaluated the combined effect of temperature, age and sex on food consumption and utilization efficiencies of Parthenium biocontrol agent, <em>Zygogramma bicolorata </em>Pallister. This Mexican beetle is known as the most promising candidate for the biocontrol agent of<em> Parthenium hysterophorus </em>Linnaeus, a serious weed of wastelands, pastures and agricultural fields. </p>
Data and code for evaluating the aging effects on vertebral endplates.
<p>The present data set includes all raw data extracted from digital images of vertebral endplates (T12) and the entire code base used for the statistical analysis for the study of the impact of age on the morphology of the 12<sup>th</sup> thoracic vertebral endplates. Generated plots used as figures and all results presented in tabular format are also included.</p>
Inverse Lansing effect: Maternal age and provisioning affecting daughters' longevity and male offspring production
<p>Maternal age effects on offspring life history are known in a variety of organisms, with offspring of older mothers typically having lower life expectancy (Lansing Effect). However there is no consensus on generality and mechanisms of this pattern. We tested predictions of Lansing Effect in several <em>Daphnia magna</em> clones and observed clone-specific magnitude and even direction of the maternal age effect on offspring longevity. We also report ambidirectional, genotype-specific effects of maternal age on daughters' propensity to produce male offspring. Focusing on two clones with contrasting life-histories, we demonstrate that maternal age effects can be explained by lipid provisioning of embryos by mothers of different ages. Individuals from a single-generation maternal age reversal treatment showed intermediate lifespan and intermediate lipid content at birth. In the clone characterized by the "inverse Lansing Effect" neonates produced by older mothers showed higher mitochondrial membrane potential in neural tissues than their counterparts born to younger mothers. We conclude that an "inverse Lansing Effect" is possible, and hypothesize that it may be caused by age-specific maternal lipid provisioning creating a calorically restricted environment during embryonic development, which, in turn reduces fecundity and increases lifespan.</p>
Data from: Modeling the impact of birth control policies on China's population and age: effects of delayed births and minimum birth age constraints
<p>We consider age-structured models with an imposed refractory period between births. These models can be used to formulate alternative population control strategies to China's one-child policy. By allowing any number of births, but with an imposed delay between births, we show how the total population can be decreased and how a relatively older age distribution can be generated. This delay represents a more "continuous" form of population management for which the strict one-child policy is a limiting case. Such a policy approach could be more easily accepted by society. Our analyses provide an initial framework for studying demographics and how social constraints influence population structure.</p> <p>This dataset includes the raw population data for 1981 China and 2000 Japan, and some Matlab code files used to process such raw data and produce predictions.</p>
Effects of Reanalysis Forcing Fields on Ozone Trends and Age of Air from a Chemical Transport Model
<p>This dataset is based on the global off-line 3-D chenmical transport model (TOMCAT/SLIMCAT) forced with ECMWF reanalyses (ERA-Interim and ERA5) to compare the performance of the stratospheric ozone simulations. Each field is separately saved as NETCDF file. Each field is show on geographic coordinates, which can be longitude, latitude, vertical hybrid-pressure level (for zonal mean fields, such as ozone, temperature and age-of-air).</p> <p>The dimensions in each field are:</p> <p>lat --> latitude</p> <p>lon --> longitude</p> <p>lev --> hydrid pressure level</p> <p>time --> months of the simulation</p> <p>The output of the total column ozone from the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT simulations forced with ERA-Interim and ERA5 for Figures 1-4 and Figure S2 in the supplement are in files:</p> <p>toz_A_ERAI.nc</p> <p>toz_B_ERA5.nc</p> <p>The output of the stratospheric column ozone (SCO) in Figure S1 in the supplement are in the file (levels1-3 are SWOOSH, B_ERA5 and A_ERAI SCO data, respectively):</p> <p>sco_SWOOSH_A_ERAI_B_ERA5.nc</p> <p>The output of zonal mean ozone profiles from the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT simulations forced with ERA-Interim and ERA5 for Figures 5-7, 9 and Figures S3-4 are in files:</p> <p>O3_mm_A_ERAI.nc</p> <p>O3_mm_B_ERA5.nc</p> <p>The output of zonal mean temperature from the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT simulations forced with ERA-Interim and ERA5 for Figure 8 are in files:</p> <p>te_mm_A_ERAI.nc</p> <p>te_mm_B_ERA5.nc</p> <p>The output of zonal mean age-of-air from the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT simulations forced with ERA-Interim and ERA5 for Figures 10-12 are in files:</p> <p>Age_mm_A_ERAI.nc</p> <p>Age_mm_B_ERA5.nc</p> <p>The output of the zonal mean ozone, temperature and age-of-air from the ERA5.1 reanalysis corrected simulations during the period from 2000 to 2006 in all Figures above using ERA5 are in files:</p> <p>ERA5_1_O3_2000_18.nc</p> <p>ERA5_1_te_2000_18.nc</p> <p>ERA5_1_Age_2000_18.nc</p> <p> </p>
Effect of long-term physical disability and aging on extracellular matrix biogenesis in human skeletal muscle
<p>Supplemental Table for a study <strong>Effect of long-term physical disability and aging on extracellular matrix biogenesis in human skeletal muscle</strong></p>
Data from: Effects of maternal age and environmental enrichment on learning ability and brain size
<p>It is well known that maternal age at reproduction affects offspring lifespan and some other fitness-related traits, but it remains understudied whether maternal senescence affects how offspring respond to their environments. Early environment often plays a significant role in the development of an animal's behavioral phenotype. For example, complex environments can promote changes in cognitive ability and brain morphology in young animals. Here, we study whether and how maternal effect senescence influences offspring plasticity in cognition, group behavior, and brain morphology in response to environmental complexity. For this, juvenile three-spined sticklebacks from young and old mothers (i.e. 1-year and 2-years-old) were exposed to different levels of environmental enrichment and complexity (i.e. none, simple and complex), and their behavior, cognitive ability, and brain size were measured. Exposing fish to enriched conditions improved individual learning ability assessed by a repeated detour-reaching task, increased the size of the whole brain, and decreased aggressive interactions in the shoal. Maternal age did not influence the inhibitory control, learning ability, and group behavioral responses of offspring to the experimental environmental change. However, maternal age affected how some brain regions of offspring changed in response to environmental complexity. In offspring from old mothers, those exposed to the complex environment had larger telencephalons and cerebellums than those who experienced simpler environments. Our results suggest that maternal effect senescence may influence how offspring invest in brain functions related to cognition in response to environmental complexity.</p>
Data from: What doesn't kill you makes you stronger? Effects of paternal age at conception on fathers and sons
<p>Advancing male age is often hypothesised to reduce both, male fertility and offspring quality due to reproductive senescence. However, the effects of advancing male age on reproductive output and offspring quality are not always deleterious. For example, older fathers might buffer effects of reproductive senescence by terminally investing in reproduction. Similarly, males that survive to reproduce at an old age, might carry alleles that confer high viability (viability selection) which are then inherited by offspring, or might have high reproductive potential (selective disappearance). Differentiating these mechanisms requires an integrated experimental study of paternal survival and reproductive performance, as well as offspring quality, which is currently lacking. Using a cross-sectional study in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, we test the effects of paternal age at conception (PAC) on paternal survival and reproductive success, and on the lifespans of sons. We discover that mating at an old age is linked with decreased future male survival, suggesting that mating-induced mortality is possibly due to old fathers being frail. We find no evidence for terminal investment, and show that reproductive senescence in fathers does not onset until their late-adult life. Additionally, we find that as a father's lifespan increases, his probability of siring offspring increases, for older PAC treatments only. Lastly, we show that sons born to older fathers live longer than those born to younger fathers, due to viability selection. Collectively, our results suggest that advancing paternal age is not necessarily associated with deleterious effects for offspring, and may even lead to older fathers producing longer-lived offspring.</p>
Dataset from 'Klever, L., Voudouris, D., Fiehler, K., & Billino, J. (2019). Age effects on sensorimotor predictions: What drives increased tactile suppression during reaching? Journal of Vision, 19(9):9, 1-17. doi:10.1167/19.9.9
<p>Dataset associated with the following publication:</p> <p>Klever, L., Voudouris, D., Fiehler, K., & Billino, J. (2019). Age effects on sensorimotor predictions: What drives increased tactile suppression during reaching? Journal of Vision.</p> <p>--------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>We provide two files; one data file contains data on which analyses are based, the other one gives the column labels for the data file.</p> <p>-------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>For further questions, please contact:<br> lena.klever[at]psychol.uni-giessen.de</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 2 in Effect of the oviposition period and age of the females of Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the emergence of egg parasitoids
Fig. 2. Emergence of adult parasitoids relative to number of eggs laid by Dalbulus maidis females.
Search Strategies for extending BowelScreen to those aged 50 to 54 years: clinical effectiveness and harms
<p>The dataset includes the complete, reproducible search strategies for all bibliographic databases searched during this project. The search strategies were designed to answer the following research question: </p> <p><span>What is the clinical effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening with a starting age of 50 compared to a starting age of 55?</span></p>
Beneficial cumulative effects of old parental age on offspring fitness
<p>Old parental age is commonly associated with negative effects on offspring life-history traits. Such parental senescence effects are predicted to have a cumulative detrimental effect over successive generations. However, old parents may benefit from producing higher quality offspring when these compete for seasonal resources. Thus, old parents may choose to increase investment in their offspring, thereby producing fewer but larger and more competitive progeny. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites increase parental investment with advancing age, resulting in fitter offspring who reach their reproductive peak earlier. Remarkably, these effects increased over six successive generations of breeding from old parents and were subsequently reversed following a single generation of breeding from a young parent. Our findings support the hypothesis that offspring of old parents receive more resources and convert them into increasingly faster life-histories. These results contradict the theory that old parents transfer a cumulative detrimental "ageing factor" to their offspring.</p>
Dataset: Age effects in emotional memory and associated eye movements
<p><span>Mnemonic-enhanced memory has been observed for negative events. Here, we investigate its association with spatiotemporal attention, consolidation, and age. An ingenious method to study visual attention for emotional stimuli is eye tracking. Twenty young adults and twenty-one older adults encoded stimuli depicting neutral faces, angry faces, and houses while eye movements were recorded. The encoding phase was followed by an immediate and delayed (48 h) recognition assessment. Linear mixed model analyses of recognition performance with group, emotion, and their interaction as fixed effects revealed increased performance for angry compared to neutral faces in the young adults group only. Furthermore, young adults showed enhanced memory for angry faces compared to older adults. This effect was associated with a shorter fixation duration for angry faces compared to neutral faces in the older adults group. Furthermore, the results revealed that total fixation duration was a strong predictor for face memory performance.</span></p>
Sex-specific paternal age effects on offspring quality in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Advanced paternal age has been repeatedly shown to modulate offspring quality via male- and/or female-driven processes, and there are theoretical reasons to expect that some of these effects can be sex-specific. For example, sex allocation theory predicts that, when mated with low-condition males, mothers should invest more in their daughters compared to their sons. This is because male fitness is generally more condition-dependent and more variable than female fitness, which makes it less risky to invest in female offspring. Here, we explore whether paternal age can affect the quality and quantity of offspring in a sex-specific way using Drosophila melanogaster as model organism. In order to understand the contribution of male-driven processes on paternal age effects, we also measured the seminal vesicle size of young and older males and explored its relationship with reproductive success and offspring quality. Older males had lower competitive reproductive success, as expected, but there was no difference between the offspring sex ratio of young and older males. However, we found that paternal age caused an increase in offspring quality (i.e., offspring weight), and that this increase was more marked in daughters than sons. We discuss different male- and female-driven processes that may explain such sex-specific paternal age effects.</p>
Aerogel Spring-Back Correlates with Strain Recovery: Effect of Silica Concentration and Aging - Dataset
<p>Dataset corresponding to the scientific publication:</p> <p>Sivaraman, Deeptanshu, Shanyu Zhao, Subramaniam Iswar, Marco Lattuada, and Wim J. Malfait. "Aerogel Spring‐Back Correlates with Strain Recovery: Effect of Silica Concentration and Aging." <em>Advanced Engineering Materials</em> 23, no. 10 (2021): 2100376. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100376">https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100376</a></p> <p>This project was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation through grant 200021_179000 (W.J.M). S.I. acknowledges the Flemish agency “Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen” (VLAIO) for providing financial support of this research through subvention IWT 130668.</p>
Data from: Different effects of fire age and fire recurrence on grass and woody plant chemistry in Kafue National Park, Zambia
<p>In savannas, fire and herbivores are important drivers of natural ecosystem processes. Fire is also used intensively for management purposes. However, reported fire effects differ between studies. Reasons for these differences are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of fire on leaf chemistry of grasses and woody plants in the savanna of the Busanga Flood Plain, Zambia, in relation to the time elapsed between plant sampling and the last fire (fire age) and the frequency of fires during the last 16 years (fire recurrence). We analyzed leaves for their nitrogen, carbon and fiber concentrations, and estimated their metabolizable energy content, reflecting feed quality for browsers and grazers. Grasses and woody plants differed in all chemical components and showed different responses to fire. Grass quality was higher at sites burnt in the year of sample collection than at sites burnt only in previous years, but did not change under different fire recurrences. Leaves of woody plants did not differ in relation to fire age but their quality increased with increasing fire recurrence. In woody plants, the carbon content responded to the interaction between fire age and fire recurrence, indicating changes in carbon allocation in response to fire. Thus, burning increased feed quality for grazers and browsers but on different temporal scales. The scale effects may contribute to the differences in resource allocation described by different studies. They merit more attention in management decisions as well as in future studies on fire effects in savanna systems.</p>
Data from: Rapid decline of prenatal maternal effects with age is independent of postnatal environment in a precocial bird
<p><span>Maternal effects are an important source of phenotypic variation with potentially large fitness consequences,</span> <span>but how their importance varies with the quality of the environment across an individual's ontogeny is poorly understood. We bred Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix</em> <em>japonica</em>) of known pedigree and experimentally manipulated the quality of offspring diet to estimate the importance of prenatal maternal effects in shaping variation in body mass from hatching to adulthood. Maternal genetic effects on body mass at hatching were strong, and largely caused by variation in egg mass, but their importance rapidly declined with age. Whereas there was a large effect of diet on growth, this did not affect the decline of maternal effects variance. The importance of additive genetic and residual variance increased with age, with the latter being considerably larger in the poor diet treatment. Hence, we found no evidence for prenatal maternal effect by postnatal environment interactions, and that prenatal maternal effects are rapidly replaced by direct additive genetic and residual effects when offspring start to develop outside the egg. Thereby these results shed new light on the dynamics of the role of maternal versus offspring genes across ontogeny and environments.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.