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6,704 results for “alterity”
Seed dispersal data for Warneke et al "Habitat fragmentation alters the distance of abiotic seed dispersal through edge effects and direction of dispersal"
This csv file contains seed dispersal data for five species (Carphephorus bellidifolius, Aristida beyrichiana, Liatris squarrulosa, Sorghastrum secundum, and Anthenantia villosa). Data were collected at the Savannah River Site, near Aiken, South Carolina, United States. Data were collected between November 17, 2009, to January 22, 2010 and were collected using the methods outlined in this document.
Effects of experimentally altered wolf spider densities and warming on soil microarthropods, litter decomposition, litter N, and soil nutrients near Toolik Field Station, AK in summer 2012
Predators can disproportionately impact the structure and function of ecosystems relative to their biomass. These effects may be exacerbated under warming in ecosystems like the Arctic, where the number and diversity of predators are low and small shifts in community interactions can alter carbon cycle feedbacks. Here we show that warming alters the effects of wolf spiders, a dominant tundra predator, on belowground litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics. Specifically, while high densities of wolf spiders result in faster litter decomposition under ambient temperatures, they result instead in slower decomposition under warming. Higher spider densities are also associated with elevated levels of available soil nitrogen, potentially benefitting plant production. Changes in decomposition rates under increased wolf spider densities are accompanied by trends toward fewer fungivorous Collembola under ambient temperatures and more Collembola under warming, suggesting that Collembola mediate the indirect effects of wolf spiders on decomposition. The unexpected reversal of wolf spider effects on Collembola and decomposition suggests that in some cases, warming does not simply alter the strength of top-down effects but instead induces a different trophic cascade altogether. Our results indicate that climate change-induced effects on predators can cascade through other trophic levels, alter critical ecosystem functions, and potentially lead to climate feedbacks with important global implications. Moreover, given the expected increase in wolf spider densities with climate change, our findings suggest that the observed cascading effects of this common predator on detrital processes could potentially buffer concurrent changes in decomposition rates.
Vegetation influences desert soil arthropods and their response to altered precipitation
Altered size and frequency of precipitation pulses will influence both plant and soil communities in water-limited systems such as the Sonoran Desert. Little is known about the response of desert soil fauna communities, particularly the mesofauna that are important components of the detrital food web. Further, while there is a well-documented impact of vegetation on soil fauna communities, the role of vegetation in buffering the soil community against such environmental changes is unclear. We conducted a short-term field study to (1) assess how the amount and frequency of monsoon season precipitation pulses influence soil arthropod communities and (2) explore the role of plant-soil linkages in the response of soil arthropod communities to altered precipitation. We experimentally altered the size (ambient and 50% increase) and frequency (ambient and 2X reduced frequency) of monsoon season precipitation for two dominant shrubs representing distinctly different functional types, as well as interplant spaces. We measured the resulting soil arthropod abundance, diversity, and composition, as well as key soil properties to characterize the soil habitat beneath each vegetation type.
Effects of Altered Precipitation on Biological Soil Crusts, Fungi, and Soil Nitrogen Availability at the Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2016)
Microbial activity in drylands is mediated by the magnitude and frequency of growing season rain events that will shift as climate change progresses. Nitrogen is often co-limiting with water availability to dryland plants, and thus we investigated how microbes important to the nitrogen (N) cycle and soil N availability varied temporally and spatially in the context of a long-term rainfall variability experiment in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Specifically, we assessed biological soil crust (biocrust) chlorophyll content, fungal abundance, and inorganic N in soils adjacent to individuals of the grassland foundation species, Bouteloua eriopoda, and in the unvegetated interspace at multiple time points associated with an experimental monsoon rain treatment. Treatments included small weekly (5 mm) or large monthly (20 mm) rain events, which had been applied during the summer monsoon for nine years prior to our sampling. Additionally, we evaluated target plant C:N ratios and added 15 N-glutamate to biocrusts to determine potential for nutrient transport to B. eriopoda. Biocrust chlorophyll was up to 67% higher in the small weekly or large monthly rainfall regimes compared to ambient controls. Fungal biomass was 57% lower in soil interspaces than adjacent to plants but did not respond to rainfall regime treatments. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations near plants declined through the sampling period but varied little in soil interspaces. There was limited movement of 15 N from interspace biocrusts to leaves but high 15 N retention in the soils even after additional ambient and experimental rain events. Plant C:N ratio was unaffected by rainfall treatments. The long-term alteration in rainfall regime in this experiment did not change how short-term microbial abundance or N availability responded to the magnitude or frequency of events, suggesting a limited response of N availability to future climate change.
Raw data used in Kumar et al. 2020: Barley shoot biomass responds strongly to N:P stoichiometry and intraspecific competition, whereas roots only alter their foraging
<p>Raw data used in Kumar et al. 2020: Barley shoot biomass responds strongly to N:P stoichiometry and intraspecific competition, whereas roots only alter their foraging</p>
Fig. 3 in Water pH and hardness alter ATPases and oxidative stress in the gills and kidney of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
Fig. 3. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content (nmol TMP mg wet tissue-1) in a. gills and b. kidney of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles under different water hardness and pH at different times. LWH = low water hardness (50 mg CaCO L-1); HWH = high water hardness (120 mg CaCO L-1). Data are presented as the means ± SEM (n = 3 3 9 fish treatment–1). Different uppercase letters indicate statistically differences between pH at the same hardness (P <0.05). Different lowercase letters indicate statistically differences between hardness at the same pH (P <0.05).
Fig. 2 in Water pH and hardness alter ATPases and oxidative stress in the gills and kidney of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
Fig. 2. Total antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) (relative area) in a. gills and b. kidney of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles under different water hardness and pH at different times. LWH = low water hardness (50 mg CaCO L-1); HWH = high water hardness (120 mg CaCO L-1). Data are presented as the means ± SEM (n = 9 fish treatment–1). 3 3 Different uppercase letters indicate statistically differences between pH at the same hardness (P <0.05).
Fig. 3 in Histopathological alterations in Astyanax bifasciatus (Teleostei: Characidae) correlated with land uses of surroundings of streams
Fig. 3. Photomicrograph of liver of Astyanax bifasciatus in streams of the basin of the lower Iguaçu River. a. Normal liver, central vein (CV), and sinusoids capillary (S) in forest stream (F1). b. Tubular arrangement of hepatocytes (H), nucleus (arrow), nucleolus (head of arrow), and centrilobular vein (*) in forest stream (F1); c. Pancreatic tissue (*), presence of eosinophils around the hepatopancreas tissue (arrow) in forest stream (F2). d. Presence of picnotic nucleus (head of arrow) and nuclear hypertrophy (arrow) in rural stream (R2). e. Cytoplasmic degeneration (*), the picnotic nucleus (arrow), the nucleus in a lateral position (head of arrow) in urban stream (U2). f. Picnotic nucleus (head of arrow) and cytoplasmic vacuolization (*) in rural stream (R2). g. Leukocyte infiltration (arrow) in urban stream (U1). h. Melanomacrophage aggregates (arrows) around the central vein (CV) in urban stream (U2). Stained Hematoxylin Harris and eosin.
Fig. 2 in Histopathological alterations in Astyanax bifasciatus (Teleostei: Characidae) correlated with land uses of surroundings of streams
Fig. 2. Photomicrograph of gills of Astyanax bifasciatus from streams of the basin of the lower Iguaçu River. a. Normal aspect of gill in forest stream (F1), F - filament, L - lamellae. b. Lamellar oedema (arrows) in forest stream (F2). c. Lamellar aneurysm (*) in urban stream (U1). d. Lamellar hyperplasia (arrows) in rural stream (R2). e. Lamellar hyperplasia (arrows) in highest magnification in rural stream (R2). f. Partial fusion of lamellae (*) in rural stream (R1). g. Epithelium rupture and hemorrhage (arrow) in urban stream (U2). h. Mitochondria-rich cells hyperplasia (arrow) and mucous cells hyperplasia (head of arrow) in urban stream (U2). a-g. Stained Hematoxylin Harris and eosin. h. Stained toluidine blue.
Abb. 9 in Vom Wert alter Amateursammlungen - vier Spinnenarten neu für die Schweiz in der Sammlung Ketterer
Abb. 9: Auszug aus der Dokumentation von CEK zu"Erigone cristatopalpus var. leptocarpus". Der ausführliche Kommentar zum Fundort "Ameisennest" zeigt, welch ausserordentlicher Beobachter CEK war
Fig. 5 in Vom Wert alter Amateursammlungen - vier Spinnenarten neu für die Schweiz in der Sammlung Ketterer
Fig. 5: Reproduction of the figures for "Neriene/Meioneta arietans". Male, a. O. Pickard-Cambridge (1873), b. Simon (1884) and c. Wiehle (1956)
Figure 5 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 5. Coxigenital region of Aceria rhodiolae females from (A) Russia, and (B,C,E) Nunavik, Canada. (A,B) Differential interference contrast light microscopy, (C,E) scanning electron micrograph, (D) line drawing. Scale on (B) also applies to (A). Notations on (D) indicate palp, leg and idiosomal setae, and coxal apodemes (ap1, ap2, ap; pra, prosternal apodeme). Other arrows elsewhere indicate characteristic ridges on coxal plates (a,b,c); genital flange (fl), and underlying postgenital plate (pp), which bears setae 3a and extends anterolaterally into lateral flaps (f) that flank the genital coverflap; and ventral ridges on femur, genu, and coxal fields (E).
Figure 8 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 8. (A) Healthy infructescence of a Rhodiola rosea plant from Nunavik (Canada) versus (B) a mite-infested inflorescence (mostly pale green or yellowish) that partly (centrally) developed into fruits (yellow to red). (C) Dried inflorescences from Labrador (Canada) with a few (upper right) to most (lower left) flowers galled, and a galled leaf (isolated, in the middle). (D) Dried inflorescences from western Russia that were preserved in an herbarium for over 100 years. (E,F) Enlargement of a galled flower and galled leaf from Labrador (same scale). Arrows point at some of the galled flowers (B‒D) or leaves (C). The scale on (C) also applies to (D), and is approximate for (A,B).
Figure 1 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 1. (A) Map of Canada, showing the area surveyed for Rhodiola rosea in Nunavik, Québec (in white). The small arrow indicates a site where additional samples were taken in Labrador, Newfoundland. (B) Region along the coast of Ungava Bay where populations of R. rosea were surveyed (geographic extremes of study sites: northwest 61.078°N, 69.632°W; northeast 60.422°N, 64.839°W; south 58.023°N). Open circles indicate sites with at least a few galled plants, whereas solid circles indicate sites with no galled plants.
Extensive qPCR analysis reveals altered gene expression in middle ear mucosa from cholesteatoma patients
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>The middle ear is a small and hard to reach compartment, limiting the amount of tissue that can be extracted and the possibilities for studying the molecular mechanisms behind diseases like cholesteatoma. In this paper 14 reference gene candidates were evaluated in the middle ear mucosa of cholesteatoma patients and two different control tissues. <em>ACTB</em> and <em>GAPDH</em> were shown to be the optimal genes for the normalisation of target gene expression when investigating middle ear mucosa in multiplex qPCR analysis. Validation of reference genes using <em>c-MYC</em> expression confirmed the suitability of <em>ACTB</em> and <em>GAPDH</em> as reference genes and showed an upregulation of <em>c-MYC</em> in middle ear mucosa during cholesteatoma. The occurrence of participants of the innate immunity, <em>TLR2</em> and <em>TLR4</em>, were analysed in order to compare healthy middle ear mucosa to cholesteatoma. Analysis of <em>TLR2</em> and <em>TLR4</em> showed variable results depending on control tissue used, highlighting the importance of selecting relevant control tissue when investigating causes for disease. It is our belief that a consensus regarding reference genes and control tissue will contribute to the comparability and reproducibility of studies within the field.</p>
Data from: Creating small food-habituated groups might alter genetic diversity in the endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01422
<p>Ecotourism is increasing worldwide for financial, educational and social purposes. Organized viewing of wildlife, especially at feeding sites where wildlife is “ready-to-view”, increases the opportunities for tourists to observe animals in the wild. However, feeding sites might retain only a subsample of wild populations. We thus hypothesized that such human intervention could induce population subdivisions and alter random mating by artificially creating small groups. The endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) is an emblematic example reflecting the contradictions between conservation and ecotourism. In Gehuaqing/Xiangguqing (Yunnan, China), some individuals are maintained at feeding sites, while the rest of the monkey subpopulation wanders in a large surrounding area. Using faecal sampling and molecular analyses, we showed that this subpopulation is genetically structured into two moderately differentiated subgroups. The fed subgroup exhibited lower genetic diversity and higher relatedness than the rest of the subpopulation. Simulation model results indicated that a single translocation probably would not restore genetic diversity in fed individuals. Thus, feeding sites implementation and associated management practices might rapidly induce founder effects. We discuss the possibilities of conciliating ecotourism and the conservation of endangered animal species from this viewpoint.</p>
Data for Wang and Kent, GRL, 2021, "RESET: A method to monitor thermoremanent alteration in Thellier-series paleointensity experiments"
<p>This zip file contains data presented in the GRL paper “RESET: A method to monitor thermoremanent alteration in Thellier-series paleointensity experiments” by Wang and Kent, 2021. </p> <p>Folder “Figure2e” contains a subfolder that contains all the raw hysteresis measurements (with heated temperatures in degree Celsius in file names) and an Excel spreadsheet that summarizes the hysteresis parameters, which are used in plotting the Day diagram as shown in Figure 2e.</p> <p>Folder “Figure2f-s” contains raw FORC data of specimens GA79.5y and GA84.6y measured after each heating treatment (with heated temperatures in degree Celsius in file names) that are used in plotting the FORC diagrams as shown in Figure 2f to 2s.</p>
Silver Nanoparticles Alter Cell Viability Ex Vivo and in Vitro and Induce Proinflammatory Effects in Human Lung Fibroblasts
<p>Dataset for data generated and presented in following article by Löfdahl et al in Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1868. doi:10.3390/nano10091868</p>
Data for Altered Glia-Neuron Communication in Alzheimer's Disease Affects WNT, p53, and NFkB Signaling Determined by snRNA-seq
<p><strong>data.tar.gz contains all files from the data directory associated with the 230313_TS_CCCinHumanAD GitHub project and includes the following:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>CellRangerCounts/</strong><ul><li><strong>GSE157827/</strong><ul><li><strong>post_soupX/ : </strong>contains 21 directories for 21 samples, which each contain 3 files obtained from ambient RNA removal with soupX. Below is a representative example, but this repo contains 1 directory per sample:<ul><li><strong>SAMN16100290_S01_AD/</strong><ul><li><strong>barcodes.tsv</strong></li><li><strong>genes.tsv</strong></li><li><strong>matrix.mtx</strong></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><strong>pre_soupX/ : </strong>contains 21 directories for 21 samples, which each contain 2 files obtained from Cell Ranger after aligning fastq files to the reference genome. Below is a representative example, but this repo contains 1 directory per sample:<ul><li><strong>SAMN16100290_S01_AD/</strong><ul><li><strong>filtered_feature_ bc_matrix.h5</strong></li><li><strong>Raw_feature_bc_matrix.h5</strong></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><strong>GSE174367/ : </strong>contains 19 directories for 19 samples, which contain 3 files each from Cell Ranger alignment of fastq files to the reference genome. Below is a representative example, but this repo contains 1 directory per sample:<ul><li><strong>SAMN19128610_S1_CTRL/</strong><ul><li><strong>barcodes.tsv</strong></li><li><strong>genes.tsv</strong></li><li><strong>Matrix.mtx</strong></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><strong>ccc/</strong><ul><li><strong>nichenet_grn/</strong><ul><li><strong>gr_network_human_21122021.rds : </strong>accessed in October 2023, gene regulation network – gene regulatory information from MultiNicheNet</li><li><strong>ligand_tf_matrix_nsga2r_final.rds: </strong>accessed in October 2023, ligand tf matrix for signaling path determination from MultiNicheNet</li><li><strong>signaling_network_human_21122021.rds : </strong>accessed in October 2023, signaling network – protein-protein interaction information from MultiNicheNet</li><li><strong>weighted_networks_nsga2r_final.rds : </strong>accessed in October 2023, networks weighted by literature evidence from MultiNicheNet</li></ul></li><li><strong>nichenet_prior/</strong><ul><li><strong>ligand_target_matrix.rds : </strong>accessed in April 2023, ligand to target matrix from NicheNet</li><li><strong>lr_network.rds : </strong>accessed in April 2023, ligand-receptor matrix from NicheNet</li></ul></li><li><strong>nichenet_v2_prior/</strong><ul><li><strong>ligand_target_matrix_nsga2r_final.rds : </strong>accessed in June 2023, ligand to target matrix from MultiNicheNet used to predict target genes.</li><li><strong>lr_network_human_21122021.rds : </strong>accessed in June 2023, ligand-receptor matrix from MultiNicheNet used to predict ligand-receptor pairs.</li></ul></li><li><strong>geo_multinichenet_output.rds </strong>: MultiNicheNet output for Morabito et al., 2021 data</li><li><strong>geo_signaling_igraph_objects.rds </strong>: list of igraph objects for 17 overlapping LRTs and their signaling mediators in the Morabito et al., 2021 dataset. </li><li><strong>gse_multinichenet_output.rds</strong> : MultiNicheNet output for Lau et al., 2020 data</li><li><strong>gse_signaling_igraph_objects.rds</strong> : list of igraph objects for 17 overlapping LRTs and their signaling mediators in the Lau et al., 2020 dataset </li></ul></li><li><strong>seurat_preprocessing/</strong><ul><li><strong>geo_filtered_seurat.rds : </strong>merged and filtered seurat object of Morabito et al., 2021 data</li><li><strong>geo_integrated_seurat.rds :</strong> seurat object integrated using harmony of Morabito et al., 2021 data</li><li><strong>geo_clustered_seurat.rds : </strong>clustered seurat object of Morabito et al., 2021 data</li><li><strong>geo_processed_seurat.rds : </strong>processed seurat object with final cell type assignments at specified resolution of Morabito et al., 2021 data</li><li><strong>gse_filtered_seurat.rds : </strong>merged and filtered seurat object of Lau et al., 2020 data</li><li><strong>gse_integrated_seurat.rds : </strong>seurat object integrated using harmony of Lau et al., 2020 data</li><li><strong>gse_clustered_seurat.rds :</strong> clustered seurat object of Lau et al., 2020 data</li><li><strong>gse_processed_seurat.rds : </strong>processed seurat object with final cell type assignments at specified resolution of Lau et al., 2020 data </li></ul></li></ul>
Code and data for 'Human modification of land cover alters net primary productivity, species richness and their relationship' manuscript
<p>The data and scripts in this database are analyses for a research paper in Global Ecology and Biogeography in 2023: Human modification of land cover alters net primary productivity, species richness and their relationship. Please refer to the README file and the paper for details about the usage of the data and methodology.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.