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170 results for “anoles”
Flashy male Jamaican anoles (Anolis grahami) show accelerated telomere attrition
<p>Data on Jamaican Anoles dewlap size and colouration, bite force and telomere attrition</p>
No evidence of predicted phenotypic changes after hurricane disturbance in a shade-specialist Caribbean anole
<p>Extreme climatic events (ECE) such as hurricanes have been hypothesized to be a major driving force of natural selection. Recent studies argue that, following strong hurricane disturbance, <em>Anolis</em> lizards in the Caribbean undergo selection for traits such as longer forelimbs or smaller body sizes that improve their clinging ability to their substrates increasing their chances of surviving hurricane wind gusts. Some authors challenge the generalization of this hypothesis arguing that other mechanisms may explain these phenotypic changes or that they may not necessarily be generalizable due to system-specific idiosyncrasies. To address this issue, we compared body size and relative forelimb length of <em>Anolis gundlachi</em>, a trunk-ground anole living in closed canopy forests in Puerto Rico, before, four months after, and 15 months after Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017. Overall, our results show no clear evidence of a temporal decrease in body size or increase forelimb length (relative to body size) challenging the generalizability of the clinging ability hypothesis. Understanding how animals adapt to ECE is an emerging field. Still, we are quickly learning that this process is complex and nuanced.</p>
Adaptive radiation without independent stages of trait evolution in a group of Caribbean anoles
<p>Adaptive radiation involves diversification along multiple trait axes, producing phenotypically diverse, species-rich lineages. Theory generally predicts that multi-trait evolution occurs via a 'stages' model, with some traits saturating early in a lineage's history, and others diversifying later. Despite its multidimensional nature, however, we know surprisingly little about how different suites of traits evolve during adaptive radiation. Here, we investigated the rate, pattern, and timing of morphological and physiological evolution in the anole lizard adaptive radiation from the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. Rates and patterns of morphological and physiological diversity are largely unaligned, belying independent selective pressures associated with structural and thermal niches. Cold tolerance evolution reflects parapatric divergence across elevation, rather than niche partitioning within communities. Heat tolerance evolution and the preferred temperature evolve more slowly than cold tolerance, reflecting behavioral buffering, particularly in edge-habitat species (a pattern associated with the Bogert effect). In contrast to the nearby island of Puerto Rico, closely related anoles on Hispaniola do not sympatrically partition thermal niche space. Instead, allopatric and parapatric separation across biogeographic and environmental boundaries serves to keep morphologically similar close relatives apart. The phenotypic diversity of this island's adaptive radiation accumulated largely as a by-product of time and historical biogeography, with surprisingly few exceptional pulses of trait evolution. A better understanding of the processes that guide multidimensional trait evolution (and nuance therein) will prove key in determining whether the stages model should be considered a common theme of adaptive radiation.</p>
FIGURE 8 in A new species of anole from Parque Nacional Volcán Arenal, Costa Rica (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae: Norops)
FIGURE 8. Hemipenes of Norops arenal (SMF 99150): sulcate view, asulcate view, and lateral view. Scale bar equals 1.0 mm. Photographs by G.K.
Figure 1 in New Specimens Of Anolis Phyllorhinus (Squamata, Polychrotidae): The First Female Of The Species And Of Proboscid Anoles
Figure 1. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of the head of a male of Anolis phyllorhinus (MZUSP 82.609) from Aripuanã. The bar represents 10 mm.
Data from: Multilocus phylogenetic analyses of Hispaniolan and Bahamian trunk anoles (distichus species group)
The distichus species group includes six species and 21 subspecies of trunk ecomorph anoles distributed across Hispaniola and its satellite islands as well as the northern Bahamas. Although this group has long served as a model system for studies of reproductive character displacement, adaptation, behavior and speciation, it has never been the subject of a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. Our goal here is to generate a multilocus phylogenetic dataset (one mitochondrial and seven nuclear loci) and to use this dataset to infer phylogenetic relationships among the majority of the taxa assigned to the distichus species group. We use these phylogenetic trees to address three topics about the group's evolution. First, we consider longstanding taxonomic controversies about the status of several species and subspecies assigned to the distichus species group. Second, we investigate the biogeographic history of the group and specifically test the hypotheses that historical division of Hispaniola into two paleo-islands contributed to the group's diversification and that Bahamian and Hispaniolan satellite island populations are derived from colonists from the main Hispaniolan landmass. Finally, third, we use comparative phylogenetic analyses to test the hypothesis that divergence between pale yellow and darkly pigmented orange or red dewlap coloration has occurred repeatedly across the distichus species group.
FIGURE 6 in A revision of the Venezuelan Anoles I: A new Anolis species from the Andes of Venezuela with the redescription of Anolis jacare Boulenger 1903 (Reptilia: Polychrotidae) and the clarification of the status of Anolis nigropunctatus Williams 1974
FIGURE 6. Anolis anatoloros, coloration in life. a: Adult male MHNLS 17872, San Isidro, Barinas; b: Adult male MCNG 2501, Guaramacal, Trujillo; c: Adult male MHNLS 17872 dewlap; d: Adult female MHNLS 17871 dewlap, San Isidro, Barinas; e: Adult female MCNG 2500 striped morph, Guaramacal, Trujillo; f: Adult female MHNLS 17871 banded morph; g: Subadult female EBRG 4587 striped morph, San Isidro, Barinas.
FIGURE 3 in A revision of the Venezuelan Anoles I: A new Anolis species from the Andes of Venezuela with the redescription of Anolis jacare Boulenger 1903 (Reptilia: Polychrotidae) and the clarification of the status of Anolis nigropunctatus Williams 1974
FIGURE 3. Anolis jacare, coloration in life. a: Adult male La Mucuy, Mérida; b: Adult male light phase Mérida, Mérida; c: Adult male dark phase Páramo La Negra, Mérida; d: Juvenile male La Mucuy, Mérida; e: Adult male dewlap road between Mérida and El Morro; f: Adult female dewlap MHNLS 17870 La Macana, Mérida; g: Adult female striped morph La Mucuy, Mérida; h: Adult female banded morph Monte Zerpa, Mérida; i: Adult female MHNLS 17870 La Macana, Mérida; j: Juvenile female MHUA 10633 Sisavita, Norte de Santander, Colombia.
FIGURE 5 in A revision of the Venezuelan Anoles I: A new Anolis species from the Andes of Venezuela with the redescription of Anolis jacare Boulenger 1903 (Reptilia: Polychrotidae) and the clarification of the status of Anolis nigropunctatus Williams 1974
FIGURE 5. Anolis anatoloros, adult male, holotype MHNLS 17872. a, b, c: dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head; d: ventral view of left foot; e: dorsum; f: venter. All scale bars shown in the drawing represent 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A revision of the Venezuelan Anoles I: A new Anolis species from the Andes of Venezuela with the redescription of Anolis jacare Boulenger 1903 (Reptilia: Polychrotidae) and the clarification of the status of Anolis nigropunctatus Williams 1974
FIGURE 2. Anolis jacare, adult male, CVULA 1511. a, b, c: dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head; d: ventral view of right hand; e: ventral view of right foot; f: dorsum; d: venter. All scale bars shown in the drawing represent 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A revision of the Venezuelan Anoles I: A new Anolis species from the Andes of Venezuela with the redescription of Anolis jacare Boulenger 1903 (Reptilia: Polychrotidae) and the clarification of the status of Anolis nigropunctatus Williams 1974
FIGURE 1. Comparisson of the color pattern between holotype of Anolis nigropunctatus ILS 21 (a) and some male A. jacare examined (b CVULA 6819; c CVULA 1511; d CVULA 1510; e MHNLS 17986). Note the presence of dots on b and c. Notice the traces of reticulation on the sides of the neck, scapular region and nape of ILS 21 (a).
FIGURE 4 in A revision of the Venezuelan Anoles I: A new Anolis species from the Andes of Venezuela with the redescription of Anolis jacare Boulenger 1903 (Reptilia: Polychrotidae) and the clarification of the status of Anolis nigropunctatus Williams 1974
FIGURE 4. Distribution of Anolis jacare (closed circles) and Anolis anatoloros (open circles) in Venezuela and Colombia. 1) Estoraques, 2) Sisavita; 3) El Diamante; 4) Toledo; 5) Villa Páez, Betania; 6) Paramo La Negra; 7) Doradas; 8) La Macana; 9) La Pedregosa; 10) Road between Mérida and El Morro; 11) Localities in Mérida City; 12) La Mucuy; 13) Quebrada Honda; 14) Chabasquén; 15) Guaramacal; 16) San Isidro.
FIGURE 9 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador
FIGURE 9. Phylogeny of the clade Dactyloa, with a close-up of the latifrons series as defined by Castañeda & de Queiroz (2013) and Prates et al. (2020). Maximum clade credibility tree obtained from a Bayesian analysis of 125 taxa and 3,221 characters. Numbers above branches are Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values and those below branches are ML bootstrap support (BS) values. GenBank accession numbers along with locality data are presented in Table 1 for newly sequenced specimens.
FIGURE 3 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador
FIGURE 3. Variation of color in life of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. Adult female QCAZ 14595 (holotype, A, B, C); adult female JMG 0485 (D); juvenile female QCAZ 14431 (E); hatchling female QCAZ 14660 (F); adult male QCAZ 14596 (G, H, I); adult male JMG 0484 (J, K). Photographs by AEN (A, B, C, G, H, I), FAV (E), P. Pintanel (F) and P. Romero (D, J, K).
FIGURE 4 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador
FIGURE 4. Variation of color in preservative of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of males (SVL = 98.4 mm, QCAZ 14596 left; SVL = 104.6 mm, JMG 0484 center; SVL = 115.2 mm, DHMECN 7687 right); and dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of females (SVL = 35.5 mm, QCAZ 14660 left; SVL = 88.4 mm, JMG 0485 center; SVL = 101.5 mm, QCAZ 14432 right). Photographs by M. Masache. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 6 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador
FIGURE 6. Hemipenes of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. (DHMECN 7687, SVL = 107.7 mm, left column) and A. fraseri (QCAZ 10212, SVL = 111.3 mm, right column) in sulcate (top), asulcate (middle) and lateral (bottom) views. Abbreviations: Ca = calyces, CF = crotch flap, SS = sulcus spermaticus. Photographs by MYM. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador
FIGURE 2. Preserved holotype of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. (QCAZ 14595) in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views, with close-ups of dewlap (D), pelvic region (E), and right foot (F). Photographs by M. Masache. Scale bars = 10 mm (A, B, C) and 5 mm (D, E, F).
FIGURE 1 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador
FIGURE 1. Head of the preserved holotype (QCAZ 14595) of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. in dorsal (top), lateral (middle), and ventral (bottom) views. Photographs by M. Masache. Scale bar = 10 mm.
FIGURE 8 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador
FIGURE 8. Entrance to Buenaventura Reserve, type locality of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov., showing its general habitat. Photograph by AEN.
FIGURE 10 in A new giant anole (Squamata: Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southwestern Ecuador
FIGURE 10. Reflectance of the gular sac in males and females of Anolis nemonteae sp. nov. and A. fraseri. Measured regions are gular sac base 'DB', center 'DM', and edge 'DE', as well as regions close to the head 'DH' and the abdomen 'DA'. Photo- graphs by AEN (male and female of A. nemonteae sp. nov.), D. Quirola (female of A. fraseri) and FAV (male of A. fraseri).
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