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Fig. 9 in Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 9. Inhibitory effects of compounds 4, 11, 37, 43 and 47 on the protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, IKK-α, p-IKK-α, NF-κB/p65 and p-NF-κB/p65 in RAW 264.7 cells. Normal: normal group without LPS, DEX and other tested samples. Values represent the mean ± SEM of three determinations. *P <0.05; **P <0.01; ***P <0.001 (Differences between compound-treated group and control group). ##P <0.01; ###P <0.001 (Differences between LPS-treated group and control group). n = 3.

Fig. 8 in Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 8. Influences of compounds 4, 11, 12, 24, 27, 31, 32, 37, 43, 45, and 47 at 3, 10, and 30 μM on NO production in RAW264.7 cells, respectively. Values represent the mean SD of six determinations. *P <0.05, ***P <0.001 (Differences between compound-treated group and control group). ###P <0.001 (Dif± ferences between control group and normal group). n = 6.

opennotspecifiedOct 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in Three unusual hybrid sorbicillinoids with anti-inflammatory activities from the deep-sea derived fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO06868

Fig. 2. Global natural products social molecular networking analysis of HR- MS/MS of culture extracts derived from Penicillium sp. SCSIO06868 and the cluster corresponding to undescribed sorbicillinoids in this study.

opennotspecifiedOct 2022View details →

Fig. 6 in Three unusual hybrid sorbicillinoids with anti-inflammatory activities from the deep-sea derived fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO06868

Fig. 6. Linear regression analysis of calculated 13C NMR shifts of (1′S)-1 (right) and (1′R)-1 (left) against the experimental shifts of 1 and the DP4 probability for + assignment of 1 to the candidate stereoisomers.

Fig. 6 in Undescribed ecdysteroids and phenolic glycosides from the roots of Cyathula officinalis Kuan and their anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro

Fig. 6. Effects of 1 on iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB protein expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. "Dexamethasone" represents the positive control group, and "Control" represents the blank control, which was not treated with LPS or the tested compounds. (A) Protein expression of iNOS, COX-2, P65 and P–P65 was determined by Western blotting. (B) Relative protein expression of P–P65 to P65 is shown as a histogram. (C) Protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 relative to the control is shown as a histogram. The experiment was repeated three times. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *P <0.05 vs. the LPS group, **P <0.01 vs. the LPS group.

Fig. 3 in Undescribed ecdysteroids and phenolic glycosides from the roots of Cyathula officinalis Kuan and their anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro

Fig. 3. NMR calculation results of two plausible stereoisomers of 1 at the B3LYP-D3 (BJ)/6-31G** level.

Fig. 5 in Undescribed ecdysteroids and phenolic glycosides from the roots of Cyathula officinalis Kuan and their anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro

Fig. 5. Effects of different concentrations (10, 20, 40 μM)) of 1 on LPS-stimulated release of (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-6, and (C) IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells. The values represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments, and differences between the mean values were assessed by Student's t-test. ##P <0.01 vs. the control group, *P <0.05 vs. the LPS group, **P <0.01 vs. the LPS group.

Fig. 4 in Undescribed ecdysteroids and phenolic glycosides from the roots of Cyathula officinalis Kuan and their anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro

Fig. 4. Effect of 1–6 (40 μM) on NO release in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Dexamethasone was used as a positive control in this experiment, and the concentration was 5 μM. The data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments.

opennotspecifiedJul 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in Polyacetylene glucosides from the florets of Carthamus tinctorius and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 3. The inhibitory effect of compound 1 against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. (A) The content of NO in RAW264.7 cells in the blank control group, model group (1 μg/mL LPS), and compound 1 group [LPS (1 μg/mL) + compound 1 (3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, or 50 μM)]. (B) The inhibition rates of compound 1 and positive control (curcumin) against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM for three individual experiments. ##P <0.01 vs. control group; *P <0.05, **P <0.01 vs. model group.

opennotspecifiedJun 2021View details →

Fig. 4 in Alkaloids bearing rare skeletons from Forsythia suspensa with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities in vitro

Fig. 4. Experimental CD spectrum of 1 (in red) in MeOH and calculated ECD spectra of 1a (4bS,8S,8aR, in black) and 1b (4bR,8R,8aS, in blue) at the b3lyp/6–31 +g (d,p) level in MeOH. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

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Fig. 3 in Benzofuran ε-caprolactam glucosides, amides and phenylpropanoid derivatives with anti-inflammatory activity from Oxybaphus himalaicus

Fig. 3. Calculated and experimental ECD spectra (a) and chiral analysis chromatogram (b) of 1a and 1b.

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Fig. 2. Key HMBC, 1 H– 1 H in Benzofuran ε-caprolactam glucosides, amides and phenylpropanoid derivatives with anti-inflammatory activity from Oxybaphus himalaicus

Fig. 2. Key HMBC, 1 H– 1 H COSY and NOESY correlations of compounds (1 3) and X-ray ORTEP drawing of 1.

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Fig. 2 in Glycosylated constituents isolated from the trunk of Abies holophylla and their anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic activity

Fig. 2. Key COSY (blue bold), HMBC (red arrow), and NOESY (green dashed arrow) correlations of previously undescribed compounds 1–11. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedDec 2021View details →

Fig. 5 in Glycosylated constituents isolated from the trunk of Abies holophylla and their anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic activity

Fig. 5. Stereochemical assignment of C-2 in 9 and 10 via two different empirical rules. (A) 13C NMR chemical shifts values of C-1, C-2, C-3, and C-1′ in 9 and 10 (top), and (R)- and (S)-PG (bottom) and their differences [δ(R–S)]. (B) 1H NMR chemical shift value of H-1 in 9 and 10 (left) and (R)- and (S)-OG and (R)- and (S)-EG (right).

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Fig. 3 in Glycosylated constituents isolated from the trunk of Abies holophylla and their anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic activity

Fig. 3. Extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) of chiral derivatized monosaccharides purchased or obtained by hydrolysis of isolated compounds. (A) D- and L-allopyranose (m/z 447.1260). (B) D- and L-apiofuranose (m/z 417.1154). (C) L- and D-rhamnopyranose (m/z 431.1311). (D) D- and L-glucopyranose (m/z 447.1260). (E) L- and D-arabinopyranose (m/z 417.1154). All, allopyranose. Api, apiofuranose. Rha, rhamnopyranose. Glc, glucopyranose. Ara, arabinopyranose. See the Materials and methods section below for detailed derivatization procedures.

opennotspecifiedOct 2021View details →

Fig. 8 in Guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids from Cinnamomum migao H. W. Li: And their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 8. Inhibitory effect of compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 against the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) (A). IC50 values of compounds 3 and 7 against TNF-α (B). The data are presented as means ± SEM in each treatment, with replicates.

Fig. 4. X in Sesquiterpenes from Echinacea purpurea and their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 4. X-ray ORTEP drawing of 1, 3–4. For 3, only one of the two molecules in the unit was shown, and solvent molecule (H2O) was omitted for clarity.

Fig. 7 in Sesquiterpenes from Echinacea purpurea and their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 7. Effects of compound 5 on iNOS and NF-κB protein expression on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. (A) Total proteins were prepared and analyzed for iNOS, NFκB, p-NF-κB and β-actin by Western blot. (B) Protein expression levels quantified fold of the level in control.

Fig. 6 in Sesquiterpenes from Echinacea purpurea and their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 6. The effects of different concentrations (3, 10, 30, 100 μM) of compound 5 on LPS-stimulated IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B) and TNF-α (C) in RAW 264.7 cells. The values represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments and differences between mean values were assessed by Student's t-test. *P <0.05 vs LPS, **P <0.01 vs LPS.

Fig. 5 in Sesquiterpenes from Echinacea purpurea and their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 5. NMR calculation results of two plausible stereoisomers of 5 and 6 at the B3LYP/6-311+ G(d,p) level.