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Fig. 4 in Systematic revision of a Miocene sperm whale from Patagonia, Argentina, and the phylogenetic signal of tympano-periotic bones in Physeteroidea

Fig. 4. Isolated periotics of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. from the Miocene of Patagonia. A. MPEF-PV-605, right periotic. B. MPEF-PV-651, right periotic. C. MPEF-PV-6098, left periotic. D. MLP 80-VIII-30-133a, right periotic. E MLP 80-VIII-30-133b, left periotic. F. MLP 52-X-2-8, right periotic. In dorsal (A1–F1), ventral (A2–F2), medial (A3–F3), and lateral (A4–F4) views. G. MLP 56-IX-2-7, fragmentary periotic in dorsal (G1) and medial (G2) views.

Fig. 2 in Systematic revision of a Miocene sperm whale from Patagonia, Argentina, and the phylogenetic signal of tympano-periotic bones in Physeteroidea

Fig. 2. Teeth of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. previously described as "Preaulophyseter gualichensis" Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina; in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views, and detailed view of the crown (A3) and enamel (A4). I and II refer to the two fragmentary teeth of the MLP 76-IX-5-1 (the best and worst preserved tooth, respectively).

Fig. 3. Sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. A in Systematic revision of a Miocene sperm whale from Patagonia, Argentina, and the phylogenetic signal of tympano-periotic bones in Physeteroidea

Fig. 3. Sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. A. Left periotic of nomen dubium "Preaulophyseter gualichensis" Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX-5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina, in dorsal (A1, A2), ventral (A3, A4), medial (A5, A6), and lateral (A7, A8) views. B, C. Two isolated right periotics from the Miocene of Patagonia, MLP 76-IX-2-3 (B) and MLP 76-IX-2-4 (C), in dorsal (B1, C1), ventral (B2, C2), medial (B3, C3), and lateral (B4, C4) views. Photographs (A1, A3, A5, A7, B, C) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, A6, A8). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; aca, aperture for cochlear aqueduct; ai, anterior incisure; ao, accessory ossicle; ava, aperture for the vestibular aqueduct; eh, epitympanic hiatus; fasu, facial sulcus; fo, fenestra ovalis; fosi, foramen singulare; fr, fenestra rotunda; iam, internal acoustic meatus; lt, lateral tuberosity; mf, mallear fossa; pbf, posterior bulla facet; pofc, proximal opening of facial canal (VII); sct, spiral cribiform tract (VIII).

Fig. 1 in Systematic revision of a Miocene sperm whale from Patagonia, Argentina, and the phylogenetic signal of tympano-periotic bones in Physeteroidea

Fig. 1. Geographic location of studied area in Patagonia, southern Argentina (A) and location of the marine Miocene outcrops (B, stars) where the specimens included in this study were collected: Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation (1) and Gaiman Formation (2).

Fig. 5 in Late Silurian palynomorphs from the Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina: Diversity, palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic significance

Fig. 5. Palynomorphs from the studied sections of the Los Espejos Formation of Argentina, Quebrada Ancha, Gorstian?–Ludfordian? (A, T), Quebrada Ancha, Ludfordian (B–F, H–K, N, O, Q, R), Cerro La Chilca, Ludfordian (G, L, M, P, S). A. Ammonidium cornuatum Loeblich and Wicander, 1976; MPLP 8-60677 (H27/3). B. Ammonidium ludloviense (Dorning, 1981) Mullins, 2001; MPLP 2-60704 (T22/2). C. Ammonidium maravillosum (Cramer, 1969) Thusu, 1973a; MPLP 7-60736 (S29/1). D. Ammonidium waldronense (Tappan and Loeblich, 1971) Dorning, 1981; MPLP 8-60677 (T50/2). E. Ammonidium sp. A in Mullins 2001; MPLP 7-60736 (N27/1). F. Indeterminated miospore, MPLP 8-60677 (O44/2). G. Baculatireticulatus baculatus Al-Ameri, 1984; MPLP 4-61059 (J45/4). H. Baculatireticulatus sp.; MPLP 7-60736 (N43/2). I. Breconisporites sp.; MPLP 8-60677 (U33). J. Buedingiisphaeridium lunatum Le Hérissé, 1989; MPLP 4-61059 (D47). K. Carminella maplewoodensis Cramer, 1968; slide MPLP 7-60736 (R26/2). L. Chelinospora cf. cantabrica Richardson, Rodríguez, and Sutherland 2001; MPLP 5-61060 (U38). M. Chelinospora sanpetrensis (Rodríguez, 1978) Richardson, Rodríguez, and Sotherland 2001; MPLP 7-61062 (C35). N. Chelinospora verrucata var. verrucata Morphon in García Muro et al., 2014b; slide MPLP 8-60677 (K43/1). O. Clypeolus tortugaides (Cramer, 1966a) Miller, Playford, and Le Hérissé, 1997; MPLP 4-62521 (V42/2). P. cf. Concentricosisporites agradabilis (Rodríguez, 1978) Rodríguez, 1983; MPLP 6-61061 (H45/1). Q. Confossuspora sp.; MPLP 2-60704 (O42/1). R. Cordobesia uruguayensis (MartinezMacchiavello, 1968) Pöthé de Baldis, 1977; MPLP 3-60659 (E46/4). S. Coronaspora cromatica (Rodríguez, 1978) Richardson, Rodríguez, and Sutherland, 2001; MPLP 4-61059 (Q28). T. Cymatiosphaera acuminata Mullins, 2001; MPLP 8-60677 (G48/3). Scale bars 20 μm.

Fig. 4 in Late Silurian palynomorphs from the Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina: Diversity, palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic significance

Fig. 4. Ludlow–Přídolí (424 My) phytoplankton and miospore assemblages plotted on a palaoegeographic reconstruction using BugPlate software (Torsvik 2009). 1, UK (Richardson and Lister 1969; Lister 1970; Richardson et al. 1981; Burgess and Richardson 1995; Wellman and Richardson 1996; Richards and Mullins 2003; Mullins 2001, 2004); 2, Gotland, Sweeden (Stricanne et al. 2004; Stricanne et al. 2006); 3, Allenport, USA (Beck and Strother 2008); 4, Nova Scotia, Canada (Beck and Strother 2001); 5, Ontario, Canada (McGregor and Camfield 1976); 6, Sweden (Mehlqvist et al. 2012; Mehlqvist et al. 2014); 7, Libya (Richardson and Ioannides 1973; Rubinstein and Steemans 2002; Le Hérissé 2002); 8, Saudia Arabia (Le Hérissé et al. 1995; Wellman et al. 2000; Breuer et al. 2017); 9, Poland (Porębska et al. 2004); 10, Turkey (Steemans et al. 1996; Lakova and Göncüoğlu 2005); 11, Iraq (Al-Almeri 1984; 2010); 12, Maranhão Basin, Brazil (Brito 1967); 13, Bolivia (Cramer et al. 1974; Kimyai 1983; Racheboeuf et al. 2012); 14, Spain and West France (Rodríguez González 1978; 1983; Steemans 1989; Cramer 1964a; Richardson et al. 2001); 15, Amazon Basin, Brazil (Cardoso 2005; Steemans et al. 2008); 16, Santiago del Estero, Argentina (Pöthe de Baldis 1974a); 17, Precordillera Argentina (Rubinstein 1992a, b, 1995; García Muro et al. 2014b; this contribution). References discussed in the papers are also included.

Fig. 11 in Late Silurian palynomorphs from the Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina: Diversity, palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic significance

Fig. 11. Palynomorphs from the studied sections of the Los Espejos Formation of Argentina, Quebrada Ancha, Přídolí (A, F, K, M, N), Cerro La Chilca, Gorstian?–Ludfordian? (B, L), Quebrada Ancha, Ludfordian (C, E, H), Cerro La Chilca, Ludfordian (D, G, I, J). A. Tylotopalla caelamenicutis Loeblich, 1970; MPLP 14-60982 (E32/3). B. Tylotopalla deerlijkianum (Martin, 1973) Martin, 1978; MPLP 2-61057 (K42/2). C. Tylotopalla robustispinosa (Downie, 1959) Mullins, 2001; MPLP 2-60704 (L42/2). D. Veryhachium trispinosum Group Servais, Vecoli, Li, Molyneux, Raevskaya, and Rubinstein, 2007; MPLP 4-61059 (E33). E. Vestitusdyadus sp.; MPLP 8-60677 (G31/1). F. Villosacapsula setosapellicula (Loeblich, 1970) Loeblich and Tappan, 1976; MPLP 9-60664 (Q30). G. Villosacapsula sp.; MPLP 5-61060 (U32/2). H. Visbysphaera cf. pirifera (Eisenack, 1954) Kiryanov, 1978; MPLP 8-60677 (T33). I. Indeterminate palynomorphs; MPLP 4-61059 (G35/4) (I1, I2 are different focus). J. cf. Veryhachium sp., with abnormal processes, distally expanded; MPLP 4-61059 (P25/3). K–N. Emphanisporites? tenuis sp. nov. K. MPLP 13-60984 (N30/2). L. MPLP 2-61057 (Q42). M. MPLP 10- 60673 (J23). N. MPLP 12-60986 (R34). Scale bars 20 μm.

Fig. 9 in Late Silurian palynomorphs from the Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina: Diversity, palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic significance

Fig. 9. Palynomorphs from the studied sections of the Los Espejos Formation of Argentina, Cerro La Chilca, Homerian? (A, L), Cerro La Chilca, Gorstian?–Ludfordian? (B, I), Cerro La Chilca, Ludfordian (C, H, O, Q, T), Quebrada Ancha, Ludfordian (D–G, J, N, P, R, S), Quebrada Ancha, Přídolí (K, U), Quebrada Ancha, Gorstian?–Ludfordian? (M). A–F. cf. Melikeriopalla sp. A. MPLP 1-61065 (W30/3). B. MPLP 3-61058 (L33). C. MPLP 7-61062 (P43/3). D. MPLP 2-60704 (L26). E. MPLP 3-60659 (F38). F. MPLP 4-62521 (T40/4). G. Multiplicisphaeridium arbusculum forma A of Mullins (2001); MPLP 7-60736 (D30/1). H. Multiplicisphaeridium cladum (Downie, 1963) Eisenack, 1969; MPLP 4-61059 (E50/1). I. Multiplicisphaeridium mingusi Le Hérissé, 1989; MPLP 2-61057 (M31/1). J. Multiplicisphaeridium monki Le Hérissé, 1989; MPLP 3-60659 (O45/2). K. Multiplicisphaeridium rochesterensis Cramer and Diez, 1972; MPLP 9-60664 (U27). L. Nanocyclopia sp.; MPLP 1-61065 (U38/1). M. Neoveryhachium carminae (Cramer, 1964a) Cramer, 1970; MPLP 1-60667 (P45/2). N. Onondagella asymmetrica (Deunff, 1961) Playford, 1977; MPLP 7-60736 (X44). O. cf. Oppilatala frondis (Cramer and Díez, 1972) Dorning, 1981; MPLP 4-61059 (F45). P. Oppilatala grahni Le Hérissé, 1989; MPLP 7-60736 (E38/1). Q. Oppilatala insolita (Cramer and Díez, 1972) Dorning, 1981; MPLP 4-61059 (Q50). R. Oppilatala ramusculosa (Deflandre, 1945) Dorning, 1981; MPLP 7-60736 (N37/4). S. Ozotobrachion palidodigitatus (Cramer, 1966b) Playford, 1977; MPLP 7-60736 (P48/4). T. Percultisphaera incompta Richards and Mullins, 2003; MPLP 4-61059 (W47/4). U. Polyedrixium? cf. embudum Cramer, 1964a; MPLP 9-60664 (D39/1). Scale bars 20 μm.

Figure 9 in Revision of the family Asterolecaniidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Argentina

Figure 9. Sclerosococcus williamsi sp. nov., first instar nymph. a) Dorsal (left), ventral (right) view. b, d) Eightshaped pore ducts. c) Anal lobe.

Figure 10 in Revision of the family Asterolecaniidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Argentina

Figure 10. Sclerosococcus williamsi sp. nov., second instar female nymph. a) Dorsal (left), ventral (right) view. b, g) Eight-shaped pore ducts. c, f) Setae. d) Antenna. e) Spiracle.

Figure 7 in Revision of the family Asterolecaniidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Argentina

Figure 7. Sclerosococcus williamsi sp. nov., adult female without cephalothoracic pores. a) Dorsal (left), ventral (right) view. b, d) Setae. c, l) Eight-shaped pore ducts. e, k) Broad-based setae. f) Anal lobe. g) Antenna. h) Spiracle. i) Multilocular pore inside spiracular peritreme. j) Tack-shaped seta.

Figure 5 in Revision of the family Asterolecaniidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Argentina

Figure 5. Mycetococcus ligae sp. nov., first instar nymph. a) Dorsal (left), ventral (right) view. b, e) Disk pores. c, d) Trilocular pores.

Figure 8 in Revision of the family Asterolecaniidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Argentina

Figure 8. Sclerosococcus williamsi sp. nov., adult female with cephalothoracic pores. a) Dorsal (left), ventral (right) view. b,e, l) Setae. c, j) Multilocular pores. d, k, m) Eight-shaped pore ducts. f) Tack-shaped seta. g) Anal lobe. h) Antenna. i) Spiracle.

Figure 6 in Revision of the family Asterolecaniidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Argentina

Figure 6. Pollinia pollini (Costa), adult female. Modified after Gill (1993). a) Dorsal (left), ventral (right) view. b) Eight-shaped pore ducts. c, i) Setae. d) Disk pores. e) Bilocular pore. f) Anal lobe. g) Antenna. h) Quinquelocular pore.

Figure 3 in Revision of the family Asterolecaniidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Argentina

Figure 3. Argenta eduardoi sp. nov., second instar nymph. a) Dorsal (left), ventral (right) view. b) Eight-shaped pore duct. c) Anal lobe. d) Antenna. e) Quinquelocular pores.

Figure 2 in Revision of the family Asterolecaniidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Argentina

Figure 2. Argenta eduardoi sp. nov., first instar nymph. a) Dorsal (left), ventral (right) view. b) Eight-shaped pore duct. c) Anal lobe. d) Trilocular pore.

Figure 1 in Revision of the family Asterolecaniidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Argentina

Figure 1. Argenta eduardoi sp. nov., adult female. a) Dorsal (left), ventral (right) view. b, e) Eight-shaped pore duct. c, g) Tubular duct. d) Antenna. f) Quinquelocular pore. h) Bilocular pore.

Fig. 1. A, B in Late Silurian palynomorphs from the Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina: Diversity, palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic significance

Fig. 1. A, B. Geographic location of study areas. C, D. Geologic maps showing the fossil localities (asterisks). The northern and middle (C) and southern D) part of the Silurian–Devonian Basin. 1, Río Jáchal; 2, Río de las Chacritas; 3, Cerro La Chilca (this paper); 4, Quebrada Ancha (this paper).

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→ Fig. 2. Marellomorph arthropod Mimetaster florestaensis sp. nov. from Tremadocian of Mojotoro Mountains, Salta, Argentina. A–C. CNS-I 133/1-1, part. A. Cephalic shield and spines. Detail of the secondary spines on mediolateral spine (A2). B. View of the imprint of the ventral posterior margin of the cephalic shield. C. Explanatory drawing revealing the most important morphological characters. D. CNS-I 133/1-1´, counterpart showing detail of strong secondary spines on anterolateral spine. Arrows indicate the secondary spines. in A new marrellomorph euarthropod from the Early Ordovician of Argentina

→ Fig. 2. Marellomorph arthropod Mimetaster florestaensis sp. nov. from Tremadocian of Mojotoro Mountains, Salta, Argentina. A–C. CNS-I 133/1-1, part. A. Cephalic shield and spines. Detail of the secondary spines on mediolateral spine (A2). B. View of the imprint of the ventral posterior margin of the cephalic shield. C. Explanatory drawing revealing the most important morphological characters. D. CNS-I 133/1-1´, counterpart showing detail of strong secondary spines on anterolateral spine. Arrows indicate the secondary spines.