Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Scale dependent spatial structuring of mountain river large bed elements maximizes flow resistance - Data Revision

Datasets and R code related to manuscript entitled, "Scale dependent spatial structuring of mountain river large bed elements maximizes flow resistance". See '0_READ_ME.rtf' file for additional description of available files.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Process parameters and properties of laser powder bed fusion alloys

List of process paramaters and resulting properties of printed samples after laser powder bed fusion. Process parameters include: manufacturer of LPBF equipment, equipment model and laser type of the printer, laser power (P), scan speed (v), nominal powder layer thickness (t), hatch spacing (h), laser beam diameter (spot size (d), focus offset distance of the laser beam, scanning strategy, rotation angle of scanning strategy between layers and the build plate temperature. Information about the post-processing of the alloys was collected as to whether the alloy was heat-treated, heat treatment type, temperature and duration of each heat treatment step. Properties include consolidation, hardness, yield stress, elongation to failure, tensile strength Dataset was collected from peer-reviewed publicaions. Sources of the original data are provided within the datasheet.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Presence data for vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen species in 100 vegetation plots (each 1 m2) from 32 shell-beds at Akerøya, Hvaler, SE Norway

We present a data set consisting of abundance data for 106 vascular plant species, 36 bryophyte species and 13 lichen species from 100 vegetation plots, each 1 m2, distributed on 32 shell-beds at Akerøya, Hvaler municipality, former Østfold (in 2022 Viken) county. The plots were analysed with respect to species composition in June 1979. These data formed the basis for the publication: Halvorsen, R. 1980. Numerical analysis and successional relationships of shell-bed vegetation at Akerøya, Hvaler, SE Norway. Norw. J. Bot. Vol. 27 pp. 71-95. Oslo. ISSN 0300-1156.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

OpenDRIVE sample dataset of Test Bed Lower Saxony

This OpenDRIVE dataset models a road network snippet of the motorway A39 near Wolfsburg. It is intended to be used for data evaluation. The data snippet is part of a greater dataset which has been acquired in the context of the project <a href="http://verkehrsforschung.dlr.de/en/projects/test-bed-lower-saxony-automated-and-connected-mobility">Test Bed Lower Saxony</a>. Main application scopes of this OpenDRIVE data are driving simulation, verification and validation. The raw data has been surveyed through mobile mapping end of 2019.

Text-fig. 2. Dichotomising terminal shoots of Lepidodendron ophiurus BRONGN. from Brymbo (bed C4). No 2013.43G.147 (National Museum of Wales) (from Thomas et al. 2019). in Why Lycospora Dominated Many Pennsylvanian Spore Assemblages

Text-fig. 2. Dichotomising terminal shoots of Lepidodendron ophiurus BRONGN. from Brymbo (bed C4). No 2013.43G.147 (National Museum of Wales) (from Thomas et al. 2019).

Text-fig. 7. Vertical polished sections of samples from selected layers. a: Layer No. 2, completely bioturbated, collection of the Czech Geological Survey (abbr. BK), BK 7; b: Layer No. 3, low: nearly completely bioturbated, upper: cross- to ripple bedding, weakly bioturbated, BK 6; c: Layer No. 7, incompletely bioturbated siltstone/mudstone, BK 5; d: Layer No. 8, low: totally bioturbated background with Zoophycos ichnofabric, upper: spotted, completely bioturbated siltstone, BK 4; e: Layer No. 8, low: in Early Complex Tiering Pattern: Upper Ordovician, Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 7. Vertical polished sections of samples from selected layers. a: Layer No. 2, completely bioturbated, collection of the Czech Geological Survey (abbr. BK), BK 7; b: Layer No. 3, low: nearly completely bioturbated, upper: cross- to ripple bedding, weakly bioturbated, BK 6; c: Layer No. 7, incompletely bioturbated siltstone/mudstone, BK 5; d: Layer No. 8, low: totally bioturbated background with Zoophycos ichnofabric, upper: spotted, completely bioturbated siltstone, BK 4; e: Layer No. 8, low:

Text-fig. 4. The studied section showing ichnofabric index and ichnological snapshots on the upper bedding planes of layers No. 1, 12 and 23. in Early Complex Tiering Pattern: Upper Ordovician, Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 4. The studied section showing ichnofabric index and ichnological snapshots on the upper bedding planes of layers No. 1, 12 and 23.

Text-fig. 4. a: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies 1, facies A are composed of Andesit (AF), Clay (CF) and Sandstone (SF) fragments lain on medium-sandstone. b: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, outcropping of massive sandstone facies comprises of fine to medium grain size of grey to yellowish sandstone. c: Heterolithic sandstone-mudstone facies, intercalation of fine sand with silt and shale as type form of heterolithic sandstone mudstone as indicated by a high sand/shale ratio. d: Example outcrops of heterolithic sandstone-mudstone 2 indicated by low sand/shale ratio. e: Heterolithic fine sand and mudstone and mudstone facies, intercalation of thin sandstone and shale. f: Representative of slump deposits outcrops belong to conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, which is indicated by the intercalation of sandstone and shale and some disturbed beds or layers as seen in slump deposits. The facies type is normally deposited within the basin floor, channel margin or as a product of the overbank deposits. In this figure the slump deposit is shown as internal bedding, some occurred on the bedding-plane. Trend slope measurement of the fold-axis revealed values N 135°E and N 108°E. in Lithofacies And Ichnofacies Of Turbidite Deposits, West Java, Indonesia

Text-fig. 4. a: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies 1, facies A are composed of Andesit (AF), Clay (CF) and Sandstone (SF) fragments lain on medium-sandstone. b: Conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, outcropping of massive sandstone facies comprises of fine to medium grain size of grey to yellowish sandstone. c: Heterolithic sandstone-mudstone facies, intercalation of fine sand with silt and shale as type form of heterolithic sandstone mudstone as indicated by a high sand/shale ratio. d: Example outcrops of heterolithic sandstone-mudstone 2 indicated by low sand/shale ratio. e: Heterolithic fine sand and mudstone and mudstone facies, intercalation of thin sandstone and shale. f: Representative of slump deposits outcrops belong to conglomeratic to massive sandstone facies, which is indicated by the intercalation of sandstone and shale and some disturbed beds or layers as seen in slump deposits. The facies type is normally deposited within the basin floor, channel margin or as a product of the overbank deposits. In this figure the slump deposit is shown as internal bedding, some occurred on the bedding-plane. Trend slope measurement of the fold-axis revealed values N 135°E and N 108°E.

Text-fig. 1. Photograph of the studied outcrop with wide bedding planes on the Loděnice – vinice above the topmost step of the vineyard. in Early Complex Tiering Pattern: Upper Ordovician, Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 1. Photograph of the studied outcrop with wide bedding planes on the Loděnice – vinice above the topmost step of the vineyard.

Text-fig. 4. Original floral picture of locality Líšeň-Neklež drawn by Zlatko Kvaček, scale bars 10 mm. a: Alnus cf. julianiformis (STERNB.) KVAČEK et HOLÝ, MB102; b: Osmunda parschlugiana (UNGER) ANDR., MB81; c: Salvinia reussii ETTINGS., MB86; d: cf. Engelhardia orsbergensis (P.WESSEL et C.O.WEBER) JÄHNICHEN, MAI et H.WALTHER, MB104; e: Laurophyllum sp., MB89a; f:?Polypodiaceae gen. et sp. indet., MB84; g: Ulmus sp., MB105a; h: Ulmus sp., MB106; i: Schoenoplectiella cf. ragozinii (P.I.DOROF.) DOWELD, MB88a; j: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB96; k: Salix variansG ÖPP., MB107; l:?Carya sp., MB89b; m: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB97; n: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB87; o: Podocarpium podocarpum (A.BRAUN) HEREND., MB100; p: "Parrotia" pristina (ETTINGSH.) STUR, MB92. in A New Early Miocene (Ottnangian) Flora Of The "Rzehakia Beds" From Brno-Líšeň

Text-fig. 4. Original floral picture of locality Líšeň-Neklež drawn by Zlatko Kvaček, scale bars 10 mm. a: Alnus cf. julianiformis (STERNB.) KVAČEK et HOLÝ, MB102; b: Osmunda parschlugiana (UNGER) ANDR., MB81; c: Salvinia reussii ETTINGS., MB86; d: cf. Engelhardia orsbergensis (P.WESSEL et C.O.WEBER) JÄHNICHEN, MAI et H.WALTHER, MB104; e: Laurophyllum sp., MB89a; f:?Polypodiaceae gen. et sp. indet., MB84; g: Ulmus sp., MB105a; h: Ulmus sp., MB106; i: Schoenoplectiella cf. ragozinii (P.I.DOROF.) DOWELD, MB88a; j: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB96; k: Salix variansG ÖPP., MB107; l:?Carya sp., MB89b; m: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB97; n: Leguminophyllum sp. 1, MB87; o: Podocarpium podocarpum (A.BRAUN) HEREND., MB100; p: "Parrotia" pristina (ETTINGSH.) STUR, MB92.

Text-fig. 3. Examples of plant macrofossil assemblages from post-evaporitic sections. a: bedding plane from Ciabòt Cagna covered by impressions of plant parts, with dominance of leaves of cf. Oleinites liguricus M.SACHSE, MCEA-P05038. b: waterloggedcompressed seeds of Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J.GREGOR sieved out of a bulk sediment sample from Pollenzo, MGPTPU141033. c: millimeter-sized, waterlogged-compressed seeds of Sambucus pulchella C.REID et E.REID with abundant cracks, probably formed during both diagenesis and extraction of the fossils (bulk sediment sample from Ciabòt Cagna), MGPT- in Late Messinian Flora From The Post-Evaporitic Deposits Of The Piedmont Basin (Northwest Italy)

Text-fig. 3. Examples of plant macrofossil assemblages from post-evaporitic sections. a: bedding plane from Ciabòt Cagna covered by impressions of plant parts, with dominance of leaves of cf. Oleinites liguricus M.SACHSE, MCEA-P05038. b: waterloggedcompressed seeds of Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J.GREGOR sieved out of a bulk sediment sample from Pollenzo, MGPTPU141033. c: millimeter-sized, waterlogged-compressed seeds of Sambucus pulchella C.REID et E.REID with abundant cracks, probably formed during both diagenesis and extraction of the fossils (bulk sediment sample from Ciabòt Cagna), MGPT-

Text-fig. 7. Stereomicroscope microphotographs of plant remains sieved out of a sediment bulk sample (C3X) from bed GLA10 of Govone. a: Tetraclinis salicornioides (UNGER) KVAČEK, shoot fragment, MGPT-PU141083). b: Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J. GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141084. c: Toddalia rhenana H.-J.GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141085. d: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, small seed with piths filled by organic remains and sediment, MGPT-PU141086. e: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, fragmentary seed, MGPT-PU141087. f: Visnea germanica MENZEL, fruit from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141088. g: Symplocos casparyi R.LUDW., endocarp in lateral view from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141089. Scale bar 1 mm. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results

Text-fig. 7. Stereomicroscope microphotographs of plant remains sieved out of a sediment bulk sample (C3X) from bed GLA10 of Govone. a: Tetraclinis salicornioides (UNGER) KVAČEK, shoot fragment, MGPT-PU141083). b: Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J. GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141084. c: Toddalia rhenana H.-J.GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141085. d: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, small seed with piths filled by organic remains and sediment, MGPT-PU141086. e: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, fragmentary seed, MGPT-PU141087. f: Visnea germanica MENZEL, fruit from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141088. g: Symplocos casparyi R.LUDW., endocarp in lateral view from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141089. Scale bar 1 mm.

Text-fig. 4. Laminated silts with almost complete leaves at the top of bed GLA20: Dicotylophyllum sp. 3 (left: MGPTPU141032) and Laurophyllum sp. 2 (right: MGPT-PU141082). Scale bar 10 mm. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results

Text-fig. 4. Laminated silts with almost complete leaves at the top of bed GLA20: Dicotylophyllum sp. 3 (left: MGPTPU141032) and Laurophyllum sp. 2 (right: MGPT-PU141082). Scale bar 10 mm.

Text-fig. 3. a: Panoramic reconstruction of the portion of the Govone outcrop from intervals GLA10 to GLA20 in condition of low river level. b: Transported leaf assemblage in the bottom part of bed GLA20. c: Detail of the outcrop of the leaf-bearing bed GLA20 and the underlying wood-rich layer GLA19. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results

Text-fig. 3. a: Panoramic reconstruction of the portion of the Govone outcrop from intervals GLA10 to GLA20 in condition of low river level. b: Transported leaf assemblage in the bottom part of bed GLA20. c: Detail of the outcrop of the leaf-bearing bed GLA20 and the underlying wood-rich layer GLA19.

Text-fig. 3. "Rzehakia beds" at Líšeň-Neklež locality. 1 – topsoil, 2 – greenish-gray clay, locally yellow-brown, 3 – ochre-brown coarse sand, 4 – conglomerate with clasts of granodiorite, 5 – grey-brown medium-grained sand, 6 – light yellowish fine sand, 7 – re-sedimented red-brown eluvium of granodiorite, 8 – re-sedimented red-brown granodiorite debris, 9 – granodiorite, 10 – fossil macroflora. in A New Early Miocene (Ottnangian) Flora Of The "Rzehakia Beds" From Brno-Líšeň

Text-fig. 3. "Rzehakia beds" at Líšeň-Neklež locality. 1 – topsoil, 2 – greenish-gray clay, locally yellow-brown, 3 – ochre-brown coarse sand, 4 – conglomerate with clasts of granodiorite, 5 – grey-brown medium-grained sand, 6 – light yellowish fine sand, 7 – re-sedimented red-brown eluvium of granodiorite, 8 – re-sedimented red-brown granodiorite debris, 9 – granodiorite, 10 – fossil macroflora.

Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT

Text-fig. 7. Cornacaeae (a–j), Icacinaceae (k–o). a–e: Mastixia. USNM PAL 772364. Scale bar = 1 cm. a: Lateral view of eroded endocarp – the opposite side being missing and the endocarp broken near its mid point, reflected light, palladium coated. b–e: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b: Rotated 90° from the view in (a). c: Rotated 90° from the view in (b). d: Rotated 90° from (c), exhibiting the damaged "back" face of the endocarp. e: Axillary view of the endocarp; the opposite end missing as apparent in (d). f–j: Cf. Nyssa. DMNH EPI.47808. Scale bar = 1 cm. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. f: Intact face of the endocarp; note ridges and "apical" point. g: Eroded (?gnawed; note horizontal grooving) opposite face of the endocarp. h: Lateral view of the endocarp, eroded/gnawed face to left. i: Apical view, eroded/gnawn portion below. j: Basal view of endocarp. k–o: Iodes DMNH-EPI.47807. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. Scale bar = 1 cm. k: Face view of endocarp. l: Opposite face of endocarp. m: Lateral view demonstrating the compressed nature of the endocarp, note thickened suture marking the probable track of the primary bundle. n: Apical view, primary bundle trace to right. o: Basal view, primary bundle trace to right. in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 7. Cornacaeae (a–j), Icacinaceae (k–o). a–e: Mastixia. USNM PAL 772364. Scale bar = 1 cm. a: Lateral view of eroded endocarp – the opposite side being missing and the endocarp broken near its mid point, reflected light, palladium coated. b–e: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b: Rotated 90° from the view in (a). c: Rotated 90° from the view in (b). d: Rotated 90° from (c), exhibiting the damaged "back" face of the endocarp. e: Axillary view of the endocarp; the opposite end missing as apparent in (d). f–j: Cf. Nyssa. DMNH EPI.47808. Scale bar = 1 cm. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. f: Intact face of the endocarp; note ridges and "apical" point. g: Eroded (?gnawed; note horizontal grooving) opposite face of the endocarp. h: Lateral view of the endocarp, eroded/gnawed face to left. i: Apical view, eroded/gnawn portion below. j: Basal view of endocarp. k–o: Iodes DMNH-EPI.47807. Micro-CT scan surface renderings. Scale bar = 1 cm. k: Face view of endocarp. l: Opposite face of endocarp. m: Lateral view demonstrating the compressed nature of the endocarp, note thickened suture marking the probable track of the primary bundle. n: Apical view, primary bundle trace to right. o: Basal view, primary bundle trace to right.

Text-fig. 2. Salicaceae (a–g), Cannabaceae (h–n), cf. Betulaceae (o–r). a–g: Saxifragispermum, USNM PAL 772341. Scale bar = 5 mm except as indicated. a–b: Lateral, c: apical, and d: basal views of fruit, reflected light, palladium coated; apex at top of (a, b). e: Equatorial transverse section reflected light; arrows indicate presumed seeds, scale bar = 2 mm. f: Detail of locule contents extracted from (e), transmitted light, scale bar = 200 Μm. g: Interwoven trichomes or fibers from locule, transmitted light, scale bar = 5 Μm. h–j: Celtis. h, i: USNM PAL 772342, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. h: Lateral view parallel with plane of dehiscence. i: Lateral view perpendicular to plane of dehiscence. j: DMNH EPI.47809, Celtis in lateral view; showing reticulate sculpture and the vertically-oriented, plane of dehiscence (arrow), scale bar = 5 mm. k–m: Aphananthe. USNM PAL 772344, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. k: Apical view, note triangular cross section and apical plug (arrow). l: Lateral view, apex up. m: Lateral view at 90° to (l). n: Detail of cellular pattern at surface of endocarp, scale bar = 0.5 mm. o–r: in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 2. Salicaceae (a–g), Cannabaceae (h–n), cf. Betulaceae (o–r). a–g: Saxifragispermum, USNM PAL 772341. Scale bar = 5 mm except as indicated. a–b: Lateral, c: apical, and d: basal views of fruit, reflected light, palladium coated; apex at top of (a, b). e: Equatorial transverse section reflected light; arrows indicate presumed seeds, scale bar = 2 mm. f: Detail of locule contents extracted from (e), transmitted light, scale bar = 200 Μm. g: Interwoven trichomes or fibers from locule, transmitted light, scale bar = 5 Μm. h–j: Celtis. h, i: USNM PAL 772342, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. h: Lateral view parallel with plane of dehiscence. i: Lateral view perpendicular to plane of dehiscence. j: DMNH EPI.47809, Celtis in lateral view; showing reticulate sculpture and the vertically-oriented, plane of dehiscence (arrow), scale bar = 5 mm. k–m: Aphananthe. USNM PAL 772344, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5 mm. k: Apical view, note triangular cross section and apical plug (arrow). l: Lateral view, apex up. m: Lateral view at 90° to (l). n: Detail of cellular pattern at surface of endocarp, scale bar = 0.5 mm. o–r:

Text-fig. 10. Carpolithes (a–j). a–d: Carpolithes sp. 10. USNM PAL 772375. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Lateral view of one face of structure; note adherent mineral material. Longitudinal groove is to right. b: Lateral view of one edge of the structure. c: Opposite view from (b), note groove in upper half of the specimen, facing viewer. d: Apical view. e–j: Carpolithes sp. 11. USNM PAL 772376. Scale bar = 5 mm, micro-CT scan surface views. e: Structure in face view showing central protuberance. f: Same, lateral view. g: Opposite face from (e). h: Opposite face from (f). i: View from one end. j: View from opposite end from (i). in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 10. Carpolithes (a–j). a–d: Carpolithes sp. 10. USNM PAL 772375. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Lateral view of one face of structure; note adherent mineral material. Longitudinal groove is to right. b: Lateral view of one edge of the structure. c: Opposite view from (b), note groove in upper half of the specimen, facing viewer. d: Apical view. e–j: Carpolithes sp. 11. USNM PAL 772376. Scale bar = 5 mm, micro-CT scan surface views. e: Structure in face view showing central protuberance. f: Same, lateral view. g: Opposite face from (e). h: Opposite face from (f). i: View from one end. j: View from opposite end from (i).

Text-fig. 6. Cornaceae. Alangium (a–e), Mastixia (f–r). a–e: Alangium, DMNH EPI.47806. Scale bar = 1 cm. b, e: Reflected light, palladium coated. a, c, d: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a: Locule cast, face view of slightly larger locule. b: Face view of slightly smaller locule. c: Lateral view of the endocarp, the slightly enlarged left carpel separated from the smaller carpel by a longitudinal septal groove; the faint pitting in the groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. d, e: Views of either end of the endocarp, illustrating the size difference between the two carpels and the pitting in the septal groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. f–k: Mastixia USNM PAL 772362. Scale bar = 1 cm. f, g, j, k: reflected light, palladium coated; h, i: micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred dorsal germination valve groove facing the viewer. Note irregular, rugose, longitudinal ridges. g: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred germination valve with median longitudinal groove to left. h: Lateral view of endocarp reoriented with the same longitudinal groove to the right. i: Lateral view, rotated to ventral surface. j: View of one end of the endocarp, germination valve groove up. k: Opposite end view, with prominent radial ridges and intervening grooves, germination valve groove up. l–r: Mastixia USNM PAL 772363. Scale bar = 1 cm. l: View of one face of endocarp, displaying a groove that may represent the surficial expression of the dorsal infold of a Mastixia-like germination valve. Surface badly eroded, reflected light, palladium coated. m: Opposite face of endocarp displaying extensive erosion and a central hole interpreted as feeding damage. n: Lateral view; m, n micro-CT scan surface renderings. o: A view of one end, displaying the prominent groove, reflected light, palladium coated. p: Opposite end to (o). q: View as in (o); p, q micro-CT scan surface renderings. r: Virtual transverse section showing curved locule (arrows). in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 6. Cornaceae. Alangium (a–e), Mastixia (f–r). a–e: Alangium, DMNH EPI.47806. Scale bar = 1 cm. b, e: Reflected light, palladium coated. a, c, d: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a: Locule cast, face view of slightly larger locule. b: Face view of slightly smaller locule. c: Lateral view of the endocarp, the slightly enlarged left carpel separated from the smaller carpel by a longitudinal septal groove; the faint pitting in the groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. d, e: Views of either end of the endocarp, illustrating the size difference between the two carpels and the pitting in the septal groove suggestive of the septal vasculature. f–k: Mastixia USNM PAL 772362. Scale bar = 1 cm. f, g, j, k: reflected light, palladium coated; h, i: micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred dorsal germination valve groove facing the viewer. Note irregular, rugose, longitudinal ridges. g: Lateral view of endocarp, inferred germination valve with median longitudinal groove to left. h: Lateral view of endocarp reoriented with the same longitudinal groove to the right. i: Lateral view, rotated to ventral surface. j: View of one end of the endocarp, germination valve groove up. k: Opposite end view, with prominent radial ridges and intervening grooves, germination valve groove up. l–r: Mastixia USNM PAL 772363. Scale bar = 1 cm. l: View of one face of endocarp, displaying a groove that may represent the surficial expression of the dorsal infold of a Mastixia-like germination valve. Surface badly eroded, reflected light, palladium coated. m: Opposite face of endocarp displaying extensive erosion and a central hole interpreted as feeding damage. n: Lateral view; m, n micro-CT scan surface renderings. o: A view of one end, displaying the prominent groove, reflected light, palladium coated. p: Opposite end to (o). q: View as in (o); p, q micro-CT scan surface renderings. r: Virtual transverse section showing curved locule (arrows).