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261 results for “belowground”
Warming, nitrogen deposition and provenance shift above-belowground insect interactions and host compensatory growth
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Mechanisms of coexistence: Exploring species sorting and character displacement in woody plants to alleviate belowground competition
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Data from: Plant diversity loss has limited effects on belowground biomass and traits but alters community short-term root production in a species-rich grassland
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Soil organic carbon loss decreases biodiversity but stimulates multitrophic interactions that promote belowground metabolism
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Data from: Compounding negative effects of leaf litter absence and belowground competition from an invasive spring ephemeral on native spring ephemeral growth and reproduction
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Mycorrhizal belowground fungi species list of the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1992 to 1994
A study of fungal diversity in the H.J. Experimental Forest. Hypogeous fungi depend on particular plant species and habitat conditions for survival. Data on species diversity and sporocarp production were collected for 4 years and compared among young, rotation-age, and old Douglas-fir stands. The species list presented here provides some insight into the hypogeous fungal diversity present in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest. Data from this study will provide knowledge about species richness, production, and community structure based on the fruiting of hypogeous sporocarps. Such data are essential to predict impacts of disturbance and management on forest health. It is hoped that these data will stimulate collaboration and facilitate the design of future fungal research.
Percent carbon, percent nitrogen, del13C and del15N of above ground plant and belowground stem biomass samples from experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra, 2000, Arctic LTER, Toolik Lake, Alaska.
Percent carbon, percent nitrogen, del13C and del15N were measured from above ground plant and belowground stem biomass samples from experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra. Biomass data are in 2000lgshttbm.dat.
Above ground plant and belowground stem biomass in moist acidic and non-acidic tussock tundra experimental sites, 2001, Arctic LTER, Toolik Lake, Alaska.
Above ground plant and belowground stem biomass was measured in moist acidic and non-acidic tussock tundra experimental sites. Treatments sampled were control plots and plots amended with nitrogen and phosphorus.
Percent carbon and percent nitrogen of above ground plant and belowground stem biomass samples from experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra, 2001, Arctic LTER, Toolik Lake, Alaska.
Percent carbon and percent nitrogen were measured from above ground plant and belowground stem biomass samples from experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra. Biomass data are in 2001lgshttbm.dat.
Belowground plant biomass data: Plant Competition Under Different Nitrogen Levels:A Garden Experiment
This garden plot experiment is located next to the E026 gardens in Field E (Old Field 44). This garden contained monocultures of major grass species from across the grassland biome of North America, and also 3 legume species (E070). The design and purpose were similar to E026, except the plots were larger. The basic experimental design consisted of growing plants in monoculture and in various competitive combinations on each of 14 different soil mixtures. In 1988 a bulldozer was used to remove 30 inches of top soil at the site. To each plot a certain amount of black dirt, ranging from 0.3 inches to 10 inches, was added. Total carbon ranged from 0.1928% to 5.63134% and total nitrogen ranged from 0.0158% to 0.4591%. The exact amounts of black soil added to each plot are described in the field operations. Equal amounts of MgSO4, CaCO3, P2O5 \
Plant above and belowground biomass across an N fertilization gradient after 13 years of fertilization:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Belowground Biomass on the Main Cropping System Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2015 to 2015)
Dataset Abstract Belowground Biomass samples on the MSCE are infrequent due to the high labor costs. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/138
SGS-LTER Ecosystem Stress Area - Belowground Biomass: Interactions between individual plant species and soil nutrient status in shortgrass steppe on the Central Plains Experimental Range in Nunn, Colorado, USA 1991
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. The effect of plant community structure on nutrient cycling is fundamental to our understanding of ecosystem function. We examined the importance of plant species and plant cover (i.e. plant covered microsites vs bare soil) on nutrient cycling in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. We tested the effects of both plant species and cover on soils in an area of undisturbed shortgrass steppe and an area that had undergone nitrogen and water additions from 1971 to 1974, resulting in significant shifts in plant species composition. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83317.
SGS-LTER Disturbance intensity and above- and belowground herbivory effects on long-term recovery of shortgrass steppe on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1977-1990
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83444 The importance of disturbance intensity and herbivory by cattle and white grubs, or the larvae of June beetles to recovery of shortgrass steppe ecosystems in Colorado, USA were evaluated over a 14 year time period. Disturbance intensity was defined by survival of the dominant grass species (Bouteloua gracilis) after an outbreak of root feeding activity by white grubs. 16 patches of vegetation consisting of four pairs of adjacent ungrazed-grazed by cattle locations with 2 replicates that were recently affected by white grubs were selected in 1977. Disturbance intensity was determined in 1977 by the area in each patch that contained live tillers of B. gracilis. Permanent plots were lcoated both within and outside of each patch. Plant basal cover and density by species were estimated at time of peak aboveground biomass in 6 different years on each plot. Successional dynamics on patches was similar to areas affected by other types of disturbances, however, rate of recovery was faster for patches affected by grubs. Grazing by cattle was infrequently important to plant recovery, a result similar to effects of grazing on other aspects of shortgrass steppe. Disturbance intensity wa
Belowground competition alters attractiveness of an insect-pollinated plant to pollinators
<p>Dataset of paper "Belowground competition alters attractiveness of an insect-pollinated plant to pollinators", AOB Plants</p>
Trade-offs in above and belowground biomass allocation influencing seedling growth in a tropical forest
<p>1. Plants allocate biomass to different organs in response to resource variation for maximizing performance, yet we lack a framework that adequately integrates plant responses to the simultaneous variation in above and belowground resources. Although traditionally, the optimal partition theory (OPT) has explained patterns of biomass allocation in response to a single limiting resource, it is well known that in natural communities multiple resources limit growth. We study trade-offs involved in plant biomass allocation patterns and their effects on plant growth under variable below and aboveground resources –light, soil N, and P– for seedling communities.</p> <p>2. We collected information on leaf, stem, and root mass fractions for more than 1,900 seedlings of 97 species paired with growth data and local-scale variation in abiotic resources from a tropical forest in China.</p> <p>3. We identified two trade-off axes that define the mass allocation strategies for seedlings – allocation to photosynthetic vs. non-photosynthetic tissues and allocation to roots over stems – that responded to the variation in soil P and N and light. Yet, the allocation patterns did not always follow predictions of OPT in which plants should allocate biomass to the organ that acquires the most limiting resource. Limited soil N resulted in high allocation to leaves at expense of non-photosynthetic tissues, while the opposite trend was found in response to limited soil P. Also, co-limitation in above and belowground resources (light and soil P) led to mass allocation to stems at expense of roots. Finally, we found that growth increased under high light availability and soil P for seedlings that either invested more in photosynthetic over non-photosynthetic tissues or/and that allocated mass to roots at expense of stem.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Biomass allocation patterns to above and belowground tissues are described by two independent trade-offs that allow plants to have divergent allocation strategies (e.g., high root allocation at expense of stem or high leaf allocation at expense of allocation to non-photosynthetic tissues) and enhance growth under variable resources. Identifying the trade-offs driving biomass allocation is important to disentangle plant responses to the simultaneous variation in resources in diverse forest communities.</p>
Belowground fungi, soil, and root chemistry in tropical landuse systems
<p>The data were collected in the humid tropical climate on Sumatra (Indonesia) in rain forests, in jungle rubber (rubber planted into forests), in rubber, and oil palm plantations. A total of 44 plots were sampled. The data set consists of two tables. The table Environmental_data contains plot information, geographic coordinates of the plots, and data on soil properties (pH, nitrogen, carbon, C/N, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, phosporous, soil resource index, soil PC1, soil PC2) and on root traits (biomass, nitrogen, carbon, C/N, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, phosporous, root resource index, root PC1, soil PC, root vitality). Table 2 contain abundance data (OTU counts) for fungi associated with roots or with soil and their phylogenetic and functional assignments.</p>
Divergent geographic variation in above- versus belowground secondary metabolites of Reynoutria japonica
<ol> <li>Secondary metabolites play an important role in plant adaptation because they can mitigate biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. However, their production and allocation incur different costs and benefits and are therefore subject to trade-offs, which are less studied.</li> <li>To understand large-scale geographic patterns of secondary metabolites, and their environmental drivers and trade-offs, we studied 39 natural populations of the perennial herb Japanese knotweed (<em>Reynoutria japonica</em>) along a large latitudinal gradient in China. We measured the concentrations of six polyphenols in leaves and rhizomes of <em>R. japonica</em> and associated the variation in these metabolites with biotic and abiotic environmental factors as well as with functional plant traits and putative costs of secondary metabolites.</li> <li>We found that climate was an important driver of variation in secondary metabolites, both above- and belowground. Remarkably, the patterns of association differed between leaves and rhizomes, as well as between putative low-cost vs. high-cost compounds. While annual mean temperature was a stronger predictor of aboveground metabolites, annual precipitation was more frequently associated with variation in belowground metabolites. Moreover, annual temperature was positively associated with high-cost metabolites, but negatively with low-cost metabolites. Aboveground secondary metabolites were generally more strongly associated with functional traits (e.g., specific leaf area) than belowground metabolites, and in all cases, the directions of correlation were opposite for low-cost versus high-cost metabolites aboveground. The patterns of association also varied with latitude such that leaf concentrations of low-cost metabolites (quercetin) increased but those of high-cost metabolites (resveratrol, piceid and emodin) decreased at higher latitudes. In rhizomes, in contrast, the concentrations of high-cost metabolites (piceid and emodin) increased with latitude.</li> <li>Synthesis. Our findings indicate that allocation strategies differ between above- and belowground tissues of <em>R. japonica</em>. As latitude increases, <em>R. japonica</em> invests relatively more into belowground metabolites. We propose that reduced high-cost metabolites in the leaves at higher latitudes may help to conserve nutrients after defoliation, while maintaining high-cost metabolites in rhizomes may be important for persistent allelopathic effects and resource conservation belowground. The divergent patterns of above- and belowground metabolite allocation thus likely reflect the multiple functions of metabolites and the plants' adaptation to different environments.</li> </ol>
Data for: Assessing above and belowground recovery from ammonium sulphate addition and wildfire in a lowland heath: mycorrhizal fungi as potential indicators.
<p>Atmospheric pollution containing soil-nitrifying ammonium sulphate ((NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) affects semi-natural ecosystems worldwide. Long-term additions of (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> to nitrogen(N)-limited habitats, including heathlands, increase climate stress affecting recovery from wildfires. Although heathland vegetation largely depends on ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (ErM) to access soil N, we lack a detailed understanding of how prolonged exposure to (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> may alter ErM community composition and host plants' reliance on fungal partners following wildfire and affect recovery. Simulation of atmospheric pollution ((NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) occurred bi-weekly for 5 years after a 2006 wildfire in a UK heathland. Ten years after treatments ceased, we measured vegetation structure, lichen and lichen photobiont composition, soil characteristics, ErM colonisation, ErM diversity in roots and soil, and assessed ErM potential as novel recovery indicators. Heather height and density, and <a>moss </a>groundcover, were greater in N-enriched plots. Lichen community indices showed significant treatment effects but without differences in photobionts. Soil pH and Mg were significantly lower in treated plots while soil cation exchange capacity was significantly higher. There were no detectable differences in ErM composition and keystone ErM taxa between control and treated plots. Soil carbon stock measures were variable. Our results indicate atmospheric pollution following fire can have significant lingering effects above- and belowground. ErM diversity and root colonization were not assessed in the original N-addition experiment; we advocate for their inclusion in future studies as an integral part of the recovery assessment toolkit. We show that mycorrhizal fungi diversity is a viable ecological tool and summarise key steps for ErM identification.</p>
Organic compost belowground and floral diversity aboveground interactively shape natural enemies in urban gardens
<p>Plant diversity aboveground can exert top-down pressure on herbivores by attracting predatory insects, while organic soil amendments rich in beneficial microbes can limit herbivores from the bottom up by enhancing plant defensive chemistry. Aboveground and belowground forces always operate simultaneously to shape herbivore pressure, but understanding how they interact is a longstanding and persistent challenge. Here, we examine how organic composts mediate effects of plant diversity across trophic levels, using zucchini plants (<em>Cucurbita pepo</em>) as a study system. Over two field seasons, we manipulated vermicompost treatments in 18 experiments in school gardens that varied in surrounding plant and floral resource diversity, and measured responses of insect herbivores and their natural enemies. Vermicompost strengthened a positive relationship between flower richness and foliar-feeding omnivores, suggesting that robust reservoirs of omnivores at flower-rich sites mounted stronger responses to compost-treated host plants. Predators increased with flower richness, but were not affected by vermicompost. Net outcomes of vermicompost and plant diversity were neutral for herbivores.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and Applications: </em>Altogether, our results reveal that bottom-up factors protecting plants are modified by their environmental context, and may more effectively attract natural enemies in landscapes with diverse floral resources. Therefore, we recommend augmentation of biodiversity aboveground (i.e. floral resources) together with biodiversity belowground (organic soil amendments) to strengthen crop protection.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.