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152 results for “biodiversity information”
Figure 1 from: Welter-Schultes F, Görlich A, Lutze A (2016) Sherborn's Index Animalium: New names, systematic errors and availability of names in the light of modern nomenclature. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 173–187. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10041
Figure 1 - Number of names. Total number of taxonomic names listed in Sherborn's Index Animalium and in AnimalBase (2011) plotted in 5-year intervals. It must be taken into account that Sherborn's numbers included a proportion of 30% of names that were not new, while in AnimalBase this proportion was much lower (less than 5 %).
Figure 8 from: Pyle RL (2016) Towards a Global Names Architecture: The future of indexing scientific names. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 261–281. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10009
Figure 8 - The icons around the periphery represent examples of where biological data tagged with scientific names currently exist. The cluster of names in the center represent examples of distinct text-strings that have been used to represent the same species within different data sources.
Figure 2 from: Welter-Schultes F, Görlich A, Lutze A (2016) Sherborn's Index Animalium: New names, systematic errors and availability of names in the light of modern nomenclature. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 173–187. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10041
Figure 2 - Languages used in early zoological literature. Language analysis of 2100 arbitrarily selected binominal zoological works published between 1758 and 1850.
Figure 3 from: Taylor MA (2016) 'Where is the damned collection?' Charles Davies Sherborn's listing of named natural science collections and its successors. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 83–106. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10073
Figure 3 - A sample page (p. 9), including the entry for Mary Anning. This misses her specimens in the British Museum (Natural History).
Figure 9 from: Pyle RL (2016) Towards a Global Names Architecture: The future of indexing scientific names. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 261–281. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10009
Figure 9 - An example ZooBank page, illustrating several GNUB services: 1 user authentication 2 "fuzzy" searching of GNUB content 3 APIs and services 4 ZooBank registration 5 External Identifier cross-linking 6 BHL page linking 7 record editing capabilities 8 similar/related name discovery (via GNI's name searching service); and 9 multi-lingual support. Not shown are services to manage user accounts, de-duplicate records, prototype reconciliation tools, services for journal publishers, and visualization tools for author publication history and other statistics.
Figure 7 from: Pyle RL (2016) Towards a Global Names Architecture: The future of indexing scientific names. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 261–281. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10009
Figure 7 - At the start of modern zoological nomenclature, Linnaeus' tenth edition of Systema Naturae contained almost 4,400 species-group names (left). By 1850, the number of species names for animals had reached nearly 430,000 – an increase of two orders of magnitude.
Figure 4 from: Pyle RL (2016) Towards a Global Names Architecture: The future of indexing scientific names. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 261–281. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10009
Figure 4 - Carl Linnaeus used candle-lit microscopes with primitive optics to examine his specimens (left, H. Kingsbury). Modern technology allows us to generate high-resolution 3D CT scans of the internal structures of specimens without displacing a single scale (right top, Digimorph; Chromis abyssus), capture crisp images of tiny organisms through electron microscopy (right middle, NOAA; single-celled foraminifera), and read DNA sequences (right bottom, BOLD, unspecified taxon).
Figure 1 from: Pyle RL (2016) Towards a Global Names Architecture: The future of indexing scientific names. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 261–281. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10009
Figure 1 - In centuries past, months-long journeys aboard sailing ships were required for taxonomists to reach their destinations (left, Thomas Whitcombe). Today, almost any part of the world can be reached aboard modern aircraft (right, R. L. Pyle).
Figure 3 from: Pyle RL (2016) Towards a Global Names Architecture: The future of indexing scientific names. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 261–281. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10009
Figure 3 - Highly trained artisans once labored to produce detailed hand-painted illustrations of specimens (top, from Jordan and Evermann 1903). Modern digital cameras can generate far more accurate and detailed images almost instantly and with minimal skill (bottom, R. L. Pyle). Both images depict Bodianus sanguineus Jordan and Evermann 1903.
Figure 5 from: Pyle RL (2016) Towards a Global Names Architecture: The future of indexing scientific names. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 261–281. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10009
Figure 5 - Methods of collecting specimens from the field have advanced from earlier eras (left, from C.Delon, 1889) to modern high-tech equipment of today (right, Ken Corben).
Figure 6 from: Pyle RL (2016) Towards a Global Names Architecture: The future of indexing scientific names. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 261–281. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10009
Figure 6 - Despite many technological advancements in the tools of the taxonomic trade, the fundamental paradigm for the taxonomic enterprise remains almost unchanged from centuries ago (left, from Bates 1863; right Bishop Museum).
Figure 2 from: Pyle RL (2016) Towards a Global Names Architecture: The future of indexing scientific names. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 261–281. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10009
Figure 2 - Early taxonomists had only crude maps to plot the locations of their specimens; in this case the French Polynesian islands of Tahiti and Moorea (top, from Prévost D'Exiles 1746–1789). Today, highly accurate maps and satellite imagery can pinpoint particular locations within a few meters (bottom, Landsat).
Figure 1 from: Alonso-Zarazaga MA, Fautin DG, Michel E (2016) The List of Available Names (LAN): A new generation for stable taxonomic names in zoology? In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 225–232. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10043
Figure 1 - A schematic representation of the universe of animal names, the two possible choices in compiling a LAN and the contents of the two resulting lists.
Figure 1 from: Taylor MA (2016) 'Where is the damned collection?' Charles Davies Sherborn's listing of named natural science collections and its successors. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 83–106. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.10073
Figure 1 - A The cover of Where is the – Collection? B A sample page (p. 29) from Where is the – Collection?, including the entry for John Calvert. The Sowerby women are thought to be the daughters of G. B. Sowerby I (1788–1854) (R. J. Cleevely, pers. comm. 2014).
Figure 8 from: Shindler K (2016) A magpie with a card-index mind – Charles Davies Sherborn 1861–1942. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 33–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.9975
Figure 8 - Some of the 11 volumes of Sherborn's Index Animalium, held in the NHM's Library. They total more than 9000 pages, and contain about 440,000 names. (With permission of The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 9 from: Shindler K (2016) A magpie with a card-index mind – Charles Davies Sherborn 1861–1942. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 33–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.9975
Figure 9 - Pages from the first part of Index Animalium, 1758–1800. (With permission of The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 7 from: Shindler K (2016) A magpie with a card-index mind – Charles Davies Sherborn 1861–1942. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 33–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.9975
Figure 7 - This is just one of the drawers of Sherborn's index cards. It is now preserved in the NHM's Library. Sherborn recorded in pencil each name, with the book or journal in which it was first published and the date, on a small slip of paper, 127mm by 63mm, and then duplicated it. It took him one month to edit 10,000 and one hour to number 1,500 of them. By 1916 there were more than one million slips. It took 3 years to put them into rough alphabetical order. These cards were for the years 1850–1899, and were never published. The volume of material for those years was so great it would have demanded a team of workers to complete the task, not solely CDS, and that was simply unaffordable. (With permission of The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 6 from: Shindler K (2016) A magpie with a card-index mind – Charles Davies Sherborn 1861–1942. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 33–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.9975
Figure 6 - This splendid cartoon is of CDS operating a machine which turns his index cards into books. Hanging on the wall is the famous Latin inscription from Sir Christopher Wren's tomb in St Paul's Cathedral (which of course he designed): 'Si monumentum requiris circumspice' - If you seek his monument, look around you. In the bottom left corner is 'Thirty Years Hard Labour, E.E.A.'. The cartoon is a postcard on which is written on the other side, 'Best of Good wishes for Christmas and the New Year, from all at Evaeria. 22.xii.23'. This is the name of the house of Major Ernest Edward Austen, DSO, FZS(1867–1938), assistant keeper of the NHM's Entomology Department and an authority on tsetse flies. (With permission of The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 4 from: Shindler K (2016) A magpie with a card-index mind – Charles Davies Sherborn 1861–1942. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 33–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.9975
Figure 4 - Sherborn aged 32. He was rarely seen without his beloved pipe.: (With permission of The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 14 from: Shindler K (2016) A magpie with a card-index mind – Charles Davies Sherborn 1861–1942. In: Michel E (Ed.) Anchoring Biodiversity Information: From Sherborn to the 21st century and beyond. ZooKeys 550: 33–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.550.9975
Figure 14 - Letter from the Museum's Director, Charles Tate Regan, on behalf of the Trustees, congratulating Sherborn on the completion of his 'great work' in 1933. Although he laboured for most of his life on behalf of the Museum, Sherborn never became a member of staff or received a regular salary or pension. (With permission of The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London)
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