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109 results for “bird reproduction”
High MHC diversity confers no advantage for phenotypic quality and reproductive performance in a wild bird
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) en</span><span>code antigen binding molecules and are an integral part of the acquired immune response of vertebrates. In general, high individual MHC diversity is expected to increase fitness by broadening the spectrum of pathogens recognized by the immune system, in accordance with the heterozygote advantage mechanism. On the other hand, the optimality hypothesis assumes that individuals with optimal (intermediate), rather than maximum diversity of the MHC will achieve the highest fitness because of inherent costs associated with expressing diverse MHC alleles.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Here, we tested for associations between individual diversity of the MHC class I and class II genes (binding antigens of intra- and extra-cellular pathogens, respectively) and a range of fitness-related traits (condition, ornament expression and reproduction) in an urban population of the Eurasian coot <em>Fulica atra</em>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Contrary to our expectation, we found that high within-individual allelic diversity of MHC genes (both class I and II) was associated with poorer condition (lower blood haemoglobin concentrations), weaker expression of the putative ornament (smaller frontal shield), later onset of breeding and smaller clutches. An analysis of functional MHC allele clusters (supertypes) provided further support for negative associations of MHC diversity with phenotypic quality and reproductive performance, but most of these relationships could not be explained by the presence of specific maladaptive supertypes</span><span>. Finally, we found l</span><span>ittle empirical support for the optimality hypothesis in the Eurasian coot.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Our results suggest that the costs of high MHC diversity outweighed any benefits associated with broad MHC repertoire, which could be driven by depauperate pathogen diversity in an urban landscape. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies providing consistent evidence for negative associations of MHC diversity with a range of fitness-related traits in a natural avian population.</span></p>
Drivers of within- and among-individual variation in risk-taking behaviour during reproduction in a long-lived bird
Plastic and selective mechanisms govern parental investment adjustments to predation threat. We investigated the relative importance of plasticity and selection in risk-taking propensity of incubating female common eiders <i>Somateria mollissima</i> facing unprecedented predation in SW Finland, Baltic Sea. Using a 12-year individual-based dataset, we examined within- and among-individual variation in flight initiation distance (FID), in relation to predation risk, nest detectability, individual traits and reproductive investment (N<sub>FID</sub> = 1009; N<sub>individual</sub> = 559). We expected females nesting in riskier environments (higher predation risk, lower nest concealment) to mitigate environmentally-imposed risk by exhibiting longer FIDs, and females investing more in current reproduction (older, in better condition or laying large clutches) to display shorter FIDs. The target of predation - adult or offspring - affected the mechanisms adapting risk-taking propensity; females plastically increased their FID under higher adult predation risk, while risk-avoiding breeders were predominant on islands with higher nest predation risk. Risk-taking females selected thicker nest cover, consistent with personality-matching habitat choice. Females plastically attenuated their antipredator response (shorter FIDs) with advancing age, and females in better body condition were more risk-taking, a result explained by selection processes. Future research should consider predator type when investigating the fitness consequences of risk-taking strategies.
FIGURE 2 in Does The Reproductive Season Account For More Records Of Birds In A Marked Seasonal Climate Landscape In The State Of São Paulo, Brazil?
FIGURE 2: Boxplot (a) and hierarchical cluster analysis (b) of monthly rainfall values collected in Bauru, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, from January 2004-December 2010.
FIGURE 1 in Does The Reproductive Season Account For More Records Of Birds In A Marked Seasonal Climate Landscape In The State Of São Paulo, Brazil?
FIGURE 1: Location (white circle) where bird surveys were carried out in the municipality of Bauru (black arrow), state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Shades of gray represent the original Cerrado vegetation cover (light hue) and the Atlantic forest (intermediate hue); dark gray hues indicate the present-day distribution of Cerrado remnant vegetation.
FIGURE 4 in Does The Reproductive Season Account For More Records Of Birds In A Marked Seasonal Climate Landscape In The State Of São Paulo, Brazil?
FIGURE 4: Differences in the numbers of species (a) and individuals (b) recorded during breeding and nonbreeding seasons at the Jardim Botânico (triangles) and at the UNESP campus (squares), Bauru, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, from September 2005-November 2006. Error bars represent SE.
Data from: Reproductive isolation and cryptic introgression in a sky island enclave of Appalachian birds
Reproductive isolation is central to the speciation process, and cases where the strength of reproductive isolation varies geographically can inform our understanding of speciation mechanisms. Although generally treated as separate species, Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina chickadees (P. carolinensis) hybridize and undergo genetic introgression in many areas where they come into contact across the eastern United States and in the northern Appalachian Mountains. The Great Smoky Mountains harbor the last large breeding population of atricapillus in the southern Appalachians, isolated from the species' main range by nearly 200 km. This population is believed to be reproductively isolated from local carolinensis due to an unusual, behaviorally mediated elevational range gap, which forms during the breeding season and may function as an incipient reproductive isolating mechanism. We examined the effectiveness of this putative isolating mechanism by looking for genetic introgression from carolinensis in Great Smoky Mountain atricapillus. We characterized this population and parental controls genetically using hundreds of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci as well as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data from cytochrome-b. Great Smoky Mountain atricapillus have experienced nuclear genetic introgression from carolinensis, but at much lower levels than other populations near the hybrid zone to the north. No mitochondrial introgression was detected, in contrast to northern contact areas. Thus, the seasonal elevational range gap appears to have been effective in reducing gene flow between these closely related taxa.
Data from: Ageing and reproduction: antioxidant supplementation alleviates telomere loss in wild birds
Reproduction is inherently costly. Environmental stressors, such as infection and limited food resources, can compromise investment at each breeding attempt. For example, recent data on captive birds showed that increased reproductive effort accelerates ageing. However, the effects of nutritional status and infection on ageing remain unknown. Telomeres function as protective caps at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, and changes in telomere length is a commonly used proxy for ageing. To partially address the mechanisms of ageing following reproduction, we supplemented, medicated or administered a combined treatment to wild blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) breeding in central Spain during 2012. The nutritional supplement consisted of two different antioxidants, while the medication was an antimalarial treatment against blood parasites. We evaluated the effect of these manipulations on reproductive success and parasite loads in the first breeding season, and on changes in telomere length between two consecutive breeding seasons. Supplemented birds showed no reduction in blood parasite infections in 2012, although they exhibited higher body mass and fledging success. The antimalarial drugs reduced infections by several parasite species, but this had no effect on fitness parameters. In the following season, telomeres from supplemented birds had shortened less. Altogether, we found that supplementation with antioxidants provided fitness benefits in the short term and reduced telomere loss a year following treatment. Our results provide indirect empirical support for accelerated telomere loss as a cost of reproduction.
Behavioural syndrome between boldness and aggressiveness and link with reproductive success in a wild bird population
<p>Boldness, defined as the behavioural response of individuals when facing a risky situation, is a major personality trait and often phenotypically correlates with other behavioural traits, in particular aggressiveness, exploration behaviour and neophobia. Yet, whether such links result from among-individual correlations, i.e. form behavioural syndromes sensu stricto, is often ignored and whether such syndromes may yield individual fitness benefits, and thus be selected for, remains poorly explored. We measured boldness as the nest defence behaviour against a dummy nest predator in a natural population of a small passerine bird, the collared flycatcher, <em>Ficedula albicollis</em>, and investigated the existence of a behavioural syndrome between boldness and two other behavioural traits, aggressiveness (measured as the agonistic response to competitors) and neophobia (measured as the behavioural response to a novel object in a known environment). Then we assessed the links between this potential syndrome and reproductive success, measured as fledging and recruitment success. Boldness score differed between the sexes and depended on whether the partner was present during the test. Nevertheless, it was repeatable, showing that boldness can be considered as a personality trait in our population. We found a positive among-individual correlation between boldness and aggressiveness, showing the existence of a behavioural syndrome between both personality traits. This syndrome was related to reproductive success: the number of fledged young (but not recruitment probability) increased with one integrative value of the boldness–aggressiveness syndrome. Conversely, boldness score was not correlated with neophobia. Our results thus clearly reveal a behavioural syndrome between boldness and aggressiveness with possible consequences for reproductive success in the study population, and therefore raise the question of the evolutionary implications of such a behavioural syndrome.</p>
Data from: Rainfall during parental care reduces reproductive and survival components of fitness in a passerine bird
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Data from: Body condition indices predict reproductive success but not survival in a sedentary, tropical bird
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Data from: Reproductive isolation and cryptic introgression in a sky island enclave of Appalachian birds
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Data from: Effect of acute stressor on reproductive behavior differs between urban and rural birds
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Data from: Individual variation in winter supplementary food consumption and its consequences for reproduction in wild birds.
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Data from: Reproductive performance of resident and migrant males, females and pairs in a partially migratory bird
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Data from: Shy birds play it safe: personality in captivity predicts risk responsiveness during reproduction in the wild
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Data from: It takes two: heritable male effects on reproductive timing but not clutch size in a wild bird population
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Data from: Chronological and biological age predict seasonal reproductive timing: an investigation of clutch initiation and telomeres in birds of known age
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Data from: Ageing and reproduction: antioxidant supplementation alleviates telomere loss in wild birds
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Data from: Reproductive trade-offs in a long-lived bird species: condition-dependent reproductive allocation maintains female survival and offspring quality
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Data from: Geographic variation of reproductive traits and competition for pollinators in a bird-pollinated plant
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.