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1,426 results for “birth”
Squid male alternative reproductive tactics are determined by birth date
<p>Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are discontinuous phenotypes associated with reproduction, observed in males of many species. Typically, large males adopt a tactic of competing with rivals for mating, while small males adopt a tactic of stealing fertilization opportunities from the large males. The "birthdate hypothesis", proposing that the date of birth influences the determination of each male's reproductive tactic, has been tested only in teleost fish to date. Here, the birthdate hypothesis was tested in ARTs of Japanese spear squid <em>Heterololigo bleekeri </em>(consort/sneaker) by analyzing statolith growth increments. The birth date significantly differed between consorts (early-hatch) and sneakers (late-hatch). However, no differences were detected in growth history up to 100 days from hatching. Most immature males caught during the reproductive season were larger than sneakers, and their hatch date was similar to that of consorts, suggesting that these immature males had already been following a life history pathway as a consort. These results indicate that ARTs of <em>H. bleekeri</em> are determined based on their hatch date in early life. This study firstly demonstrated the birthdate hypothesis in aquatic invertebrates, suggesting that the mechanism by which birth date determines the individual phenotype is a phenomenon more common than previously believed.</p>
Birth season associates with multiple anthropometric traits in Estonian children
<p>Seasonal variation in maternal exposure to sunlight during pregnancy, which leads to a variation in vitamin D availability for a fetus, is a prevalent explanation for the variation of offspring traits with birth season. However, little consensus exists about the pregnancy period during which the fetus is most sensitive to maternal UV exposure and which offspring traits are most sensitive. We examined the association between 11 anthropometric traits and birth season/month among 18,459–23,876 Estonian children born in 1937–62. Nine traits showed seasonal patterns, which were generally weak, compared to the effects of family socioeconomic position (SEP). Clear nonlinear associations between offspring traits and birth month emerged only among children of mothers in non-manual professions. A possible explanation is that the growth of children in high-SEP families is more strongly buffered against any external exposures than the growth of children in low-SEP settings. For most traits, children born in spring/summer were larger than those born in autumn/winter. Hip width, trunk length and weight showed the most distinct seasonal patterns.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p>
Data from: The birth hour of mammals: insights from intra-specific variation in wild blue monkeys
<p>While most mammals show birth hour peaks at times of the 24-hour cycle when they are less active, there are exceptions to this general pattern. Such exceptions have been little explored, but may clarify evolutionary reasons for the diel timing of births. We investigated intraspecific variation in birth hour in wild blue monkeys (<i>Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni</i>), a diurnal primate, to identify factors that differentiated daytime vs. nighttime births. Behavioral and life history data from 14 groups over 14 years revealed that 4% of 484 births occurred during the day. Probability of daytime birth varied with mother's age, peaking at 15.7 years. Births whose annual timing deviated most from the population's peak birth months were five times more likely to occur during daytime than those that deviated less. There was no evidence that mother's rank or infant sex influenced birth hour, and mixed evidence that daytime births were more probable in larger groups. Survivorship did not differ significantly for infants born during the day vs. night. Prime-aged mothers may be able to handle the consequences of an unusual birth hour more successfully than mothers with less experience or those weakened by age. Daytime birth may be more advantageous in the off-season because nights are colder at that time of year. These findings are consistent with hypotheses relating birth hour to the risk of losing social protection in group-living animals, but are not consistent with those emphasizing risk of conspecific harassment. Patterns of within-species variation can help in evaluating evolutionary hypotheses for non-random birth hour.</p>
Antenatal depression: Associations with birth and neonatal outcomes among women attending maternity care in Harare, Zimbabwe
<p>This is a dataset used to describe the results in a manuscript submitted to PLoS ONE</p>
Comparison of the Birth Weights of Infants with Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Infants with Inguinal Hernia: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
<p>Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is the most common tracheoesophageal malformation. Amniotic fluid swallowing into the upper blind sack and aspiration were observed during fetal life. Tracheoesophageal fistula serves as a sideway passage of amniotic fluid into the gastrointestinal tract. Compared with inguinal hernia, gestational age adjusted birth weights were lower for infants with esophageal atresia. In esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula nutrition by aspirated amniotic fluid did not fully compensate the intrauterine growth deficit.</p>
Data from: Modeling the impact of birth control policies on China's population and age: effects of delayed births and minimum birth age constraints
<p>We consider age-structured models with an imposed refractory period between births. These models can be used to formulate alternative population control strategies to China's one-child policy. By allowing any number of births, but with an imposed delay between births, we show how the total population can be decreased and how a relatively older age distribution can be generated. This delay represents a more "continuous" form of population management for which the strict one-child policy is a limiting case. Such a policy approach could be more easily accepted by society. Our analyses provide an initial framework for studying demographics and how social constraints influence population structure.</p> <p>This dataset includes the raw population data for 1981 China and 2000 Japan, and some Matlab code files used to process such raw data and produce predictions.</p>
Timing and synchrony of birth in Eurasian lynx across Europe
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The ecology and evolution of reproductive timing and synchrony has been a topic of great interest in evolutionary ecology for decades. Originally motivated by questions related to behavioural and reproductive adaptation to environmental conditions, the topic has acquired new relevance in the face of climate change. However, there has been relatively little research on reproductive phenology in mammalian carnivores. The Eurasian lynx (<em>Lynx lynx</em>) occurs across the Eurasian continent, covering three of the four main climate regions of the world.</span><span> Thus their distribution </span><span>includes a large variation in climatic conditions, making it an ideal species to </span><span>explore reproductive phenology. </span><span>Here, we used data on multiple reproductive events from 169 lynx females </span><span>across Europe. M</span><span>ean birth date was May 28 (April 23 to July 1), but was ~10 days later in northern Europe than in central and southern Europe. Birth dates were relatively synchronised across Europe, but more so in the north than in the south. Timing of birth were delayed by colder May temperatures. Severe and cold weather may affect neonatal survival via hypothermia and avoiding inclement weather early in the season may select against early births, especially at northern latitudes. Overall, only about half of the kittens born survived until onset of winter but whether kittens were born relatively late or early did not affect kitten survival. Lynx are strict seasonal breeders but still show a degree of flexibility to adapt the timing of birth to surrounding environmental conditions. We argue that lynx give birth later when exposed to colder spring temperatures and have more synchronized births when the window of favourable conditions for raising kittens is shorter. This suggest that lynx are well adapted to different environmental conditions, from dry and warm climates to alpine, boreal and arctic climates. This variation in reproductive timing is favourable in times of climate change, as organisms with high plasticity are more likely to adjust to new environmental conditions. </span></p>
St.Michael's Roman-Catholic Cathedral_Birth
A medium quality model (here decimated to 1000k) of a Gothic bas-relief decorating the choir of the Roman Catholic Saint Michael's Cathedral in Alba Iulia, Romania. Innitially built in the second half of the 14th Century, the choir has undergone transformations and restorations throughout the ages. The scene depicted here is that of the Birth of Christ. (copyright Arhiepiscopia Romano-Catolica de Alba Iulia, 2017). The model was created from 25 photos obtained using a 180 mm telephoto lens, with limited views from ground level, looking up about 15 metres. An historical photograph of the Gothic choir:  Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Рис. 14. Орест Александрович Скарлато. 1983 г. Архив Зоологического института РАН. in Orest A. Scarlato - scientist and organizer of science: on the 100th anniversary of his birth (1920-1994)
Рис. 14. Орест Александрович Скарлато. 1983 г. Архив Зоологического института РАН.
Data for the paper "Uncovering the birth of the Milky Way through accurate stellar ages with Gaia", accepted in Nature Astronomy
<p>Data files used in the paper that contain information that is not available in public catalogues, and that is necessary to produce the figures.</p> <p>The extended dataset consists of: i) (<strong>a</strong> and <strong>b</strong> panels of figure 1): two tables directly retrieved from the Gaia archive as described in Methods, supplemented by extinction information on a star-by-star basis; the code used to interpolate the 3-D extinction maps by Lallement et al. (2018) can be retrieved from \url{https://github.com/edober/dust_maps_3d}. ii) (<strong>c</strong> and <strong>d</strong> panels of Figure 1, Figure 2 and panel <strong>a </strong>of Figure 3): two tables with the derived solution CMDs. Two files with the necessary data to define the boxes used to select stars in the blue and red sequences of the halo CMD are also included. iii) (panel <strong>b</strong> of Figure 3): necessary tables with the age, metallicity and velocity data for the main progenitor and accreted satellite for realisation g15784 of the MaGICC program (Brook et al. 2012). The complete information on the final timestep of that simulation, together with scripts to read and plot the data are also included in the extended dataset.</p> <p>A explanatory README is contained within the tar file.</p>
Crude vital rates and indirect estimates of life expectancy at birth for the Nordic countries, 18th and 19th centuries
<p>This file provides the necessary input data (crude vital rates) and shows the calculations for the indirect estimation of life expectancy at birth (e0) for males and females combined, using the method developed in McCann, J. 1976. 'A Technique for Estimating Life Expectancy with Crude Vital Rates', Demography, 13(2): pp. 259-272.</p> <p>Coverage: Sweden (1736-1750), Norway (1735-1845), Denmark (1800-1834), Iceland (1735-1837), and Finland (1751-1877).</p> <p>The annual estimates end in the year before estimates in the Human Mortality Database become available.</p> <p>For a detailed description see Torres, C. and Oeppen, J. 2019. The Health Transition in the Nordic Countries (Working paper, available upon request: ctorres@sdu.dk). </p>
FRB Mock Catalog and Reproduction Package for "Birth and Evolution of Fast Radio Bursts: Strong Population-Based Evidence for a Neutron-Star Origin"
<h3>Quickstart: FRB Mock Catalog</h3> <p>A simulated 1-day catalog of one-off FRBs, that allows users to access the FRB population without installing the entire frbpoppy package. Download and unzip 1_Day_FRB_Sky_on_Earth.txt.zip (175 MB). This human and machine readable file contains 3.5E6 FRBs that are brighter than 0.01 Jy ms, the best limit in one-off FRB detection currently. The simulated catalog is produced by the perfect telescope in frbpoppy, free of selection effects, that observed 4pi of sky for 24 hrs, with minimum detectable fluence 0.01 Jy ms, for the best-fit no-delay SFR model. This file can be read using the accompanying jupyter notebook "starting_with_mock_catalog.ipynb".</p> <p>If you use this, please cite Wang & van Leeuwen 2024 (A&A), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450673">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450673</a></p> <h3>Reproduction package for the paper "Birth and Evolution of Fast Radio Bursts: Strong Population-Based Evidence for a Neutron-Star Origin"</h3> <p>ReproductionPackage.zip is a basic reproduction package for the paper "Birth and Evolution of Fast Radio Bursts: Strong Population-Based Evidence for a Neutron-Star Origin" by Wang & van Leeuwen (2024).</p> <p> * arXiv: [<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.06281">2405.06281</a>] <br> * DOI: [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450673">10.1051/0004-6361/202450673</a>] </p> <h3>Installation</h3> <p>First pull or download and `frbpoppy` from <https://github.com/TRASAL/frbpoppy>.<br>Then download `ReproductionPackage.zip` and extract it starting in the frbpoppy/ base directory.<br>The scripts to produce the Figures are found in folder `frbpoppy/tests/markov_chain_monte_carlo/`.<br>The data used for these Figures resides in folder `frbpoppy/data/populations/mcmc/`.</p> <h3>Software</h3> <p>The methods and software packages used to produce the results are listed in the paper (including links to the relevant publications and/or packages):<br> FRBPOPPY: <https://github.com/TRASAL/frbpoppy><br> TRASAL: <https://github.com/TRASAL></p> <h3>Raw Data</h3> <p>The data are publicly available at<br> https://www.wis-tns.org/</p> <p> </p>
The departure between constant-rate birth-death and empirically inferred diversification processes
<p>Birth-death models (BDMs) are stochastic processes describing the processes of speciation and extinction through time and across taxa and are widely used in biology for inference of evolutionary timescales. Previous research has highlighted how the expected trees under BDMs tend to differ from empirical trees with respect to indices such as the amount of phylogenetic imbalance. However, our understanding of how trees differ between BDMs and empirical inferences remains incomplete. In this study, we demonstrate how four different constant-rate BDM scenarios influence tree shape and branch-length characteristics of phylogenetic trees, using a wide range of topology and branch-length indices. Comparison of BDM expectations against a comprehensive empirical dataset of 1,189 empirical trees shows that the dominant form of model inadequacy in BDMs is in failing to accommodate large amounts of phylogenetic imbalance in empirical processes. We also find that empirical trees tend to have significantly greater depth, lower stemminess, and longer shortest pendant edge lengths than BD-simulated trees. The results also indicate that accounting for the sampling fraction is the single most important parameter for accommodating empirical stemminess and branch lengths. Overall, our findings demonstrate the limitations of BDM priors when inferring the shape and structural characteristics of phylogenetic trees, highlighting the importance of novel methods that account for a broader tree space and secondarily reduce any possible bias in branch length estimation.</p>
Atopic dermatitis and DNA methylation at birth: findings from epigenome-wide meta-analyses
<p>Meta-analyses results from "Atopic dermatitis and DNA methylation at birth: findings from epigenome-wide meta-analyses". This data contains summary statistics from 12 meta-analyses of EWAS of atopic dermatitis (AD) using DNA methylation measured using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Details on the analyses can be found in the paper. </p> <p>Each of the files are tab-separated with the following column names (description in brackets):</p> <ul> <li>CpG</li> <li>Beta (the effect estimate)</li> <li>SE (standard error)</li> <li>P (P value)</li> <li>Direction (Direction of effect within each cohort)</li> <li>Het_ISq (I2 value of heterogeneity)</li> <li>Het_P (P value from Cochran’s Q-test for heterogeneity)</li> </ul> <p>The files are named in the following way: `AD-PHENOTYPE_MODEL_COHORT-STRAT.tsv`</p> <p>AD-PHENOTYPE: childhood, early-onset, or persistent.<br> MODEL: Model A, B, or C (see paper for details)<br> COHORT-STRAT: If the cohorts were stratified in anyway here is where it will be indicated. DD = AD was defined by doctor diagnosis only, DD-R = AD was defined by doctor diagnosis and/or rash symptoms, HR = AD was defined using the Hanifin-Rajka criteria. </p> <p>For example, the file `childhood_model-C_DD.tsv` contains the summary statistics from the meta-analysis of EWAS of AD within cohorts that defined AD using doctor diagnosis only. </p>
Open-population SCR model to estimate spatiotemporal variation in individual birth locations, detection rates, and survival
<p>This is an open population SCR model developed by R. Chandler and K. Engebretsen. The full model incorporates 4 spatial covariates in birth location density submodel, 3 location-specific, temporal covariates in the detection submodel, and 4 spatial covariates in the survival submodel. </p> <p>Formatted data is provided for the 2015 and 2016 fawning season in south Florida and the model can be fit using the script fitFawnModel.R.</p>
Code and data for "Telomere length vary with sex, hatching order and year of birth in little owls, Athene noctua"
<p>Datafile and R code of the statistical analyses published in the article "telomere length vary with sex, hatching order and year of birth in little owls, <em>Athene noctua</em>".</p>
Birth and death dates for individuals of twelve Rhododendron species
<p>Birth (planting) date, depart date, and depart type (C = censored (not dead), D = dead), for individuals of twelve <em>Rhododendron</em> species planted at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.</p>
The Effect of Podcast Training on Birth Fear in Couples
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06929975. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Oxidative Stress in Women Treated With Atosiban for Impending Preterm Birth
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03570294. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Randomized Study in Children Ages Birth Through Three Years Undergoing Unilateral Cataract Extraction With or Without Lens Replacement
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02132312. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.