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FIGURE 16 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species

FIGURE 16. Colocasiomyia ecornuta Toda & Takano, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Soppeng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia). A, Head (frontal view); B, scutum and scutellum (dorsal view); C, D, abdominal sternites in ventral view (C, male; D, female); E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view; inset: cercal ventral lobe); F, phallal sheath (dorsal view); G, H, phallic organs (G, lateral view; H, ventral view); I peri-oviscapt (caudal view); J, oviscapt (ventral view); K, puparium (ventral habitus; inset: caudal-most portion at lower right and ventrolateral portion of segments at the upper right); L, mouth hook; M, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Abbreviations: i vt s, inner vertical setae; sctl, scutellum. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–J and M, 1.0 mm in K.

FIGURE 12. Characters 48‒51 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species

FIGURE 12. Characters 48‒51 on the female terminalia of Colocasiomyia colocasiae (Duda) (A, lateral view; B, hypoproct in ventral view) and C. cristata de Meijere (C, lateral view; D, hypoproct in ventral view). Abbreviations: epiprct, epiproct; hyprct, hypoproct; ov, oviscapt; t-VIII, tergite VIII. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 15 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species

FIGURE 15. Habitus (upper, lateral view; lower, dorsal view) of species of the Colocasiomyia cristata subgroup. A, C. ecornuta sp. nov. ♂; B, C. grandis sp. nov. ♂; C, C. vieti sp. nov. ♂; D, C. cristata de Meijere ♂; E, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso ♂; F, C. kinabaluana sp. nov. ♂; G, C. kotana sp. nov. ♂; and H, C. matthewsi sp. nov. ♂. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Characters 16‒22 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species

FIGURE 8. Characters 16‒22 on the male (A, C) and female (B, D) abdominal sternites (s) of Colocasiomyia gigantea (Okada) (A, B) and C. colocasiae (Duda) (C, D). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Characters 5 and 6 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species

FIGURE 4. Characters 5 and 6 on the cibarium (dorsal view) of Colocasiomyia xenalocasiae (Okada) (A), C. cristata de Meijere (B) and C. sarawakana sp. nov. (C). Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensillum; s c, sensilla campaniformia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 11. Characters 40‒47 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species

FIGURE 11. Characters 40‒47 on the phallic organs of Colocasiomyia colocasiae (Duda) (A, lateral view; B, ventral view; C, hypandrium and gonocoxites, oblique lateral view), C. xenalocasiae (Okada) (D, lateral view; E, ventral view), C. sabahana sp. nov. (F, lateral view; G, ventral view) and C. cristata de Meijere (H, lateral view; I, ventral view). Abbreviations: aed, aedeagus; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd, hypandrium; phap, phallapodeme; ph sh, phallal sheath. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Characters 13‒15 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species

FIGURE 7. Characters 13‒15 on the fore (A, B, distal portion of tibia and tarsus) and mid (C, D, ditto) legs of Colocasiomyia colocasiae (Duda) (A, C) and C. cristata de Meijere (B, D). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Character 12 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species

FIGURE 6. Character 12 of costal setae on the wing (anterodistal portion) of Colocasiomyia xenalocasiae (Okada) (A), C. colocasiae (Duda) (B) and C. cristata de Meijere (C). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

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Climate effects on the breeding ecology of pied flycatchers at the north of their range

<p>The file "Raw data.csv" contains all data used for the analyses of the article "The effects of four decades of climate change on the breeding ecology of an avian sentinel species across a 1500-km latitudinal gradient are stronger at high latitudes" (DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7459). This data was used to investigate the effect of climate warming on the breeding time and breeding success of European pied flycatchers breeding in Sweden during 1982-2017. The data set contains 29035 nest records and each row has information per nest on ringing date of nestlings, developmental stage of nestlings and estimates of hatching date, nestling age, and breeding success (measured as number of ringed chicks). It also contains geographical coordinates per nest and distance to the coast variables as well as environmental data for different biweekly periods before and up to ringing time (average and minimum temperature, precipitation and a measurement of vegetation greenness). The precise definition of all the variables can be found in the ReadMe file. The specific information on data collection, processing and statistical analyses is available in the corresponding article.</p>

Fig. 10 in Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 10. Phylogenetic relationships within the Pristimantis "unistrigatus group" in the Guiana Shield as recovered in the MrBayes analysis (438 bp of the 16S rRNA gene sequence). Values at each node represent statistical support (* = 0.99 or 1). Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) is highlighted in red.

Fig. 9 in Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 9. Habitat of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Left. Submontane rainforest inKaieteur NationalParkatca630melevation.Right.MontanerainforestontheslopesofMaringma-tepui,Guyana at ca 1376 m elevation. Photographs by PJRK.

Fig. 6.A in Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 6.A. Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea (André)André ex Mez, an arboreal bromeliad species used as egg deposition site by Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) in the Wokomung Massif. B. Egg clutch of Pristimantis marmoratus deposited on a leaf of the arboreal bromeliad Guzmania cf. sphaeroidea in theWokomung Massif.C. Egg clutchof Anomaloglossus beebei(Noble, 1923) (white arrow) deposited in the phytotelmata of the same plant as in B. D. Dorsolateral view of IRSNB 17916, 11.3 mm SVL, a juvenile of P. marmoratus collected on the slopes of Maringma-tepui, Guyana. PhotographsA–C by DBM, D by PJRK.

Fig. 8 in Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 8. Vocalization of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900); oscillogram and spectrogram obtained using Seewave v. 1.6.4 in R. Spectrogram (top) and oscillogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Call recorded at a temperature of 24°C.

Fig. 7 in Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 7. Vocalization of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900); oscillograms and spectrograms obtained using Raven v. 1.4. A. Oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of three calls of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana (ca 16 s recording). B. Expanded oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14471 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. C. Expanded oscillogram (top) and spectrogram (below) of one call of IRSNB 14472 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Calls recordedat a temperature of 24°C.

Fig. 5 in Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 5. Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Intraspecific variation in dorsal (top) and ventral (below) colour patterns in preserved specimens.Photographs by PJRK.

Fig. 3 in Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 3. Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900). Ventral view of left hand and left foot of a male (top), and ventral view of right hand and right foot of a female (below), both from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana.Photographs by PJRK.

Fig.4 in Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships

Fig.4.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900)(fourindividualsatthetop)andP.pulvinatus(Rivero, 1968) (twoindividuals below).Intraspecificvariation in dorsalcolour pattern and sexualdimorphism in living specimens. Note: the subtle hint of green visible on the lower body and legs of some specimens of P. marmoratus is due to a reflection of the substrate (green leaf). Photographs by PJRK, except the uncollected P.pulvinatus, which is by CBA.

Fig.2 in Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships

Fig.2.Pristimantismarmoratus(Boulenger,1900).Preservedadult♂,holotype(BMNH1947.2.16.92). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Dorsolateral view. Grid squares = 5 mm. Photographs by PJRK.

Fig. 1 in Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 1.MapoftheEasternPantepuiDistrictshowingtheknowndistributionof Pristimantismarmoratus (Boulenger,1900).Reddotsdenotelocalitiesofconfirmedoccurrencebasedeitheronmuseumspecimens or colour photographs.