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148 results for “burying beetle”
Data from: Fitness costs of phoretic nematodes in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Data from: Phoretic Poecilochirus mites specialise on their burying beetle hosts
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Data from: State-dependent cooperation in burying beetles: parents adjust their contribution towards care based on both their own and their partner’s size
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Body size evolution in burying beetles (Staphylinidae: Silphinae: <em>Nicrophorus</em>)
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Data from: Males benefit personally from family life: evidence from a wild burying beetle population
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Data from: Asynchronous hatching in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus quadripunctatus, maxmises parental fitness
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Data from: Post-hatching parental care masks the effects of egg size on offspring fitness: a removal experiment on burying beetles
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Habitat use of co-occurring burying beetles (genus Nicrophorus) in southeastern Ontario, Canada
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Data from: The effect of size and sex-ratio experiences on reproductive competition in Nicrophorus vespilloides burying beetles in the wild
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Data from: Sibling competition does not exacerbate inbreeding depression in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Data from: Molecular phylogeny of the burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae: Nicrophorinae)
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Data from: Adaptation to monogamy influences parental care but not mating behavior in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Data from: Parental care masks a density-dependent shift from cooperation to competition among burying beetle larvae
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Resource allocation is determined by both parents and offspring in a burying beetle
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Data from: Offspring beg more towards larger females in a burying beetle
<p>Offspring of many animals beg for food from parents. Begging is often costly, and offspring should seek to reduce such costs to maximise their returns on begging. Whenever multiple adults provide care for a joint brood, as in species where multiple females breed communally, offspring should beg towards the parent that provisions the most food. Here, we investigate whether larvae spend more time begging towards larger females in the burying beetle <i>Nicrophorus vespilloides</i>. Prior work on this species shows that larger females provision more food than smaller ones, suggesting that larvae would benefit by preferentially begging towards larger females. To test for such a preference, we provided experimental broods with a simultaneous choice between two dead females: a smaller and a larger one. Larvae spent more time begging towards larger females. We next examined the behavioural mechanism for why larvae begged towards larger females. Larvae spent more time in close contact with larger females over smaller ones, whilst there was no evidence that larvae begged more <i>when</i> in close contact with larger females. Thus, larvae begged more towards the larger female simply as a consequence of spending more time close to larger females. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of parent-offspring communication by showing that offspring can choose between parents based on parental attributes, such as body size, reflecting how much food parents are likely to provision.</p>
Burying beetle parents adaptively manipulate information broadcast from a microbial community
<p>Microbial volatiles provide essential information for animals, which compete to detect, respond to and perhaps control this information. Burying beetle parents have the opportunity to influence microbially-derived semiochemicals because they monopolize a small carcass for their family, repairing feeding holes and applying exudates that alter the microbial community. To study adaptive manipulation of microbial cues we integrated mechanistic and functional approaches. We contrasted Gas Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) volatile profiles from carcasses that were or were not prepared by a resident pair of <i>Nicrophorus orbicollis</i>. Methyl thiocyanate (MeSCN), the primary attractant for burying beetles seeking a fresh carcass, was reduced 20-fold by carcass preparation, while dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), which deters beetles, was increased 20-fold. These results suggest that parental care serves to make previously public information more private (crypsis, MeSCN) and to disinform rivals with a deterrent (DMTS). Functional tests in the field demonstrated that carcass preparation reduced discovery and use by congeners (three-fold) as well as by dipteran rivals. Because microbes and their chemicals influence nearly every aspect of animal ecology, animal manipulation of microbial cues may be as widespread as manipulation of their own signals.</p>
A chemically-triggered transition from conflict to cooperation in burying beetles
<p>Although interspecific competition has long been recognized as a major driver of trait divergence and adaptive evolution, relatively little effort has focused on how it influences the evolution of intraspecific cooperation. Here we identify the mechanism by which the perceived pressure of interspecific competition influences the transition from intraspecific conflict to cooperation in a facultative cooperatively breeding species, the Asian burying beetle <i>Nicrophorus nepalensis</i>. We not only found that beetles are more cooperative at carcasses when blowfly maggots have begun to digest the tissue, but that this social cooperation appears to be triggered by a single chemical cue—dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)—emitted from carcasses consumed by blowflies, but not from control carcasses lacking blowflies. Our results provide experimental evidence that interspecific competition promotes the transition from intraspecific conflict to cooperation in <i>N. nepalensis</i>via a surprisingly simple social chemical cue that is a reliable indicator of resource competition between species.</p>
Data from: Aposematism in the burying beetle? Dual function of anal fluid in parental care and chemical defense
Burying beetles (Nicrophorus vespilloides) bear distinctive and variable orange-black patterning on their elytra and produce an anal exudate from their abdomen when threatened. During breeding, the anal exudates contribute to the antimicrobial defense of the breeding resource. We investigated whether the anal exudates also provide a responsive chemical defense, which is advertised to potential avian predators by the beetle's orange and black elytral markings. We found that that the orange-black elytral markings of the burying beetle are highly conspicuous for avian predators against range of backgrounds, by using computer simulations. Using bioassays with wood ants, we also showed that the burying beetle's anal exudates are aversive to potential predators. From these results, and other evidence in the literature, we conclude that the evidence for aposematism in the burying beetle is as strong as the evidence for many other classically aposematic species, such as defended Hymenopterans, ladybirds, or poisonous frogs. Nevertheless, we also report unexpectedly high levels of individual variation in coloration and chemical defenses, as well as sex differences. We suggest that this variation might be partly due to conflicting selection pressures, particularly on the dual function of the exudates, and partly to nutritional differences in the developmental environment. The ecology of the burying beetles (Nicrophorus spp.) differs markedly from better-studied aposematic insects. This genus thus offers new potential for understanding the evolution of aposematism in general.
Data from: Burying beetles regulate the microbiome of carcasses and use it to transmit a core microbiota to their offspring
Necrophagous beetles utilize carrion, a highly nutritious resource that is susceptible to intense microbial competition, by treating it with antimicrobial anal and oral secretions. However, how this regulates the carcass microbiota remains unclear. Here, we show that carcasses prepared by the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides undergo significant changes in their microbial communities subsequent to their burial and 'preparation'. Prepared carcasses hosted a microbial community that was more similar to that of beetles' anal and oral secretions than to the native carcass community or the surrounding soil, indicating that the beetles regulated the carcass microbiota. A core microbial community (Xanthomonadaceae, Enterococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Yarrowia yeasts) was transmitted by the beetles to the larvae via the anal and oral secretions and the carcass surface. These core taxa proliferated on the carcass, indicating a growth conducive environment for these microbes when associated with beetles. However, total bacterial loads were higher on decomposing carcasses without beetles than on beetle-prepared carcasses, indicating that the beetles and/or their associated symbionts suppress the growth of competing microbes. Thus, apart from being a nutritional resource, the carcass provides a medium for vertical transmission of a tightly regulated symbiotic microbiota, whose activity on the carcass and in the larval gut may involve carcass preservation as well as digestion.
Data from: Effects of inbreeding on behavioural plasticity of parent-offspring interactions in a burying beetle
<p>Inbreeding depression is defined as a fitness decline in progeny resulting from mating between related individuals, the severity of which may vary across environmental conditions. Such inbreeding-by-environment interactions might reflect that inbred individuals have a lower capacity for adjusting their phenotype to match different environmental conditions better, as shown in prior studies on developmental plasticity. Behavioural plasticity is more flexible than developmental plasticity because it is reversible and relatively quick, but little is known about its sensitivity to inbreeding. Here we investigate effects of inbreeding on behavioural plasticity in the context of parent-offspring interactions in the burying beetle <i>Nicrophorus vespilloides</i>. Larvae increase begging with the level of hunger, and parents increase their level of care when brood sizes increase. Here we find that inbreeding increased behavioural plasticity in larvae, reducing their time spent associating with a parent in response to the length of food-deprivation more than outbred larvae. However, inbreeding had no effect on the behavioural plasticity of offspring begging or any parental behaviour. Overall, our results show that inbreeding can <i>increase</i> behavioural plasticity. We suggest that inbreeding-by-environment interactions might arise when inbreeding is associated with too little or too much plasticity in response to changing environmental conditions.</p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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