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781 results for “canopies”
RIV01 Stream water isotopes in wooded riparian areas and areas where canopy had been cut at Konza Prairie
The stream water samples are the same as collected for the NWC01 dataset. Water samples are frozen (-3 C) in sealed polyvinyl bottles until time of processing. These water samples are thawed, subsampled at 1 mL, and analyzed for delta18O and delta2H using a Picarro L2130-i isotopic water analyzer. Samples are corrected using in-house standards calibrated to the international standard, V-SMOW. The long-term precision for delta18O is 0.1 permil and for delta2H is 1 permil.
RIV03 Channel morphology in streams in wooded riparian areas and areas before and after canopy cutting at Konza Prairie
Our project was designed to test if woody removal in a riparian zone allowed the system to rebound to a grassland stream state. We hypothesized that removal would increase stream width due to increased erosion without plant cover.
RIV05 Leaf mass in streams in wooded riparian areas and areas where canopy had been cut at Konza Prairie
Our project was designed to test if woody removal in a riparian zone allowed the system to rebound to a grassland state. We hypothesized that removal would decrease organic matter input into streams.
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) plant seedling measurements
Seedlings were measured before and after treatments to determine how alterations in canopy openness and detritus affect seedling densities and life histories (growth, mortality, recruitment). It was predicted that plots experiencing canopy openness with detritus removed would have the quickest increase in seedlings (recruitment and growth), especially of early successional (light demanding) species, such as Cecropia. Seedlings in plots that received no canopy manipulation but had detritus deposited is predicted to have near-total mortality initially (low light and high physical inhibition due to detritus). Treatment plots experiencing both canopy manipulation and addition of detritus would initially experience near-total mortality, with some light demanding seedlings establishing and growing through detritus with time. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) plants greater than 1 centimeter diameter at breast height (DBH)
Plant diameters and growth measurements were taken both before and after treatments to determine how alterations in canopy openness and detritus affect measures of growth, mortality, and production. Both types of trimmed plots are predicted to have relatively quick evidence of re-sprouting (1-3 months; based on Hurricane Hugo studies), especially palms. Because essentially complete defoliation to the canopy took place in the trim plots, the large stems that were trimmed should experience delayed growth and higher mortality than those in non-trimmed plots. The understory vegetation, or otherwise those that were not trimmed (i.e., stems <10cm at dbh) should experience increased growth in both trim plots as a result of increased light. Some nutrient immobilization may occur in the detritus addition plots, but this is predicted to affect belowground processes most. Little influence on aboveground processes from detritus addition might occur and cause some stunted growth rates of stems. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Ferns surveys of individuals of terrestrial ferns in Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) plots document changes in species richness and abundance over time in response to canopy opening and/or debris deposition
Whole plot surveys of Canopy Triming Experiment (CTE) plots were done to detect changes in the number of terrestrial fern species and individuals in response to canopy opening and debris deposition. Surveys were conducted annually prior to and after treatments. A count of all terrestrial ferns, identified to species on the CTE plots was recorded for each subplot in January during CTE1 (2002-2010) and in the fall during CTE2 (2014-present). The surveys document losses of individuals of shade tolerant fern species and the appearance of open canopy ferns such as the tree fern Cyathea arborea. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) Snail data
The objective of these data is to determine how green litter deposition and canopy opening associated with a hurricane independently and jointly affect population dynamics and community composition of terrestrial gastropods. Because canopy openness can be expected to increase abiotic stress on gastropods, whereas litter deposition should provide increased resources and refugia, tradeoffs can be expected. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) Canopy invertebrate responses to disturbance
Seven tree species were selected to represent early (Cecropia, Prestoea) and late (Dacryodes, Manilkara, Sloanea) successional, and overstory (Cecropia, Dacryodes, Manilkara, Sloanea) and understory (Prestoea, Miconia, Psychotria), species in forests at El Verde. These trees were sampled in all CTE plots. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) litterbag invertebrate counts and weights data
Identification, number and dry weight of invertebrates recovered from each litterbag. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) Microbial EL-FAME Data
The canopy trimming experiment at El Verde simulates some aspects (canopy openness and biomass redistribution) of hurricane disturbances. Soil samples and leaf litter were gathered from three replicate blocks, each with four treatment plots in Tabonuco Forest at in El Verde. Treatments (canopy trimming and debris addition) were applied in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Samples were obtained both before and after the canopy were trimmed and debris was applied in the appropriate treatments. Samples were collected every four months before and after treatments were applied. Molecular approaches such as EL-FAME are useful indicators of microbial community shifts in response to environmental change. In this experiment we analyzed microbial community composition and abundance in soil and leaf litter samples as reflected by EL-FAME profiles. All soil samples were cleaned by removing rocks and roots, and leaf litter samples were ground. Fatty acid nomenclature: Fatty acids are named according to the conversion X:YωZ, where X represents the number of carbon atoms in the chain, followed by Y after the colon which represents the degree of the unsaturation. The symbol ω and Z represent the number of double bonds nearest to the carboxyl end. The prefixes a, i, cy and d refer to anteiso, iso, cyclopropyl branching and dicarboxylic fatty acid respectively; br indicates that the type of branching is unknown, while a number followed by Me indicates position of methyl group. Prefixes a and b indicate that the OH groups of an OH fatty acid are located at positions 2 and 3 respectively. Numbers preceded by w indicate the position of OH groups from the aliphatic end of the fatty acids (Kaur et al 2005). Community analysis based on fatty acids: Fatty acid biomarkers could represent a group of particular microorganisms present in soil and leaf litter. Fatty acids used in literature as biomarkers are: Branched chain fatty acids (br 17:0, br 18:0, i17:0, a17:0, i16:0, i16:1, 10Me16:0, 10Me17:0)
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) Litterfall
This data set shows forest litter production and its response to the canopy trimming and debris addition or removal treatments. In addition, it shows patterns of interannual variation that can be related to environmental variables. In combination with data set 111 (MRCE Litterfall data), this is the long-term monitoring of leaf litter production at El Verde Research Area. The data reported here are for mass of litterfall pooled among collection baskets placed in the inner 20x20 m measurement plots collected at two-week intervals, beginning two years before the first treatments were applied. The litter mass data are reported for litter separated by plant parts. Litterfall contributes to mobilization of organic matter and nutrients from primary producers to soil. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) trace gases
This data set provides the monthly trace effluxes measured across the soil-atmosphere interface from five soil surface chambers in all the CTE plots. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) Plot Treatments
This data set is updated every time a trim is performed on the plots. The last trim was in 2014. The Luquillo Experimental Forest LTER program in Puerto Rico was initially focused on the understanding of the effects that two major hurricanes, Hugo in 1989 and George in 1998, had on the structure and function of a tropical mountain forest and how the biota responded to these disturbances. This focus provided insights into the key characteristics of disturbance that alter forest function over long time scales. After several years of research through the LEF-LTER program, it became clear that one primary effect of disturbances associated with the impact of a hurricane is to redistribute organic matter from live biomass compartments to the detrital pool. Then a combination of biotic and abiotic processes, all modified by the disturbance, contributes to the decomposition of detritus and to the subsequent fate of associated C and nutrients. These critical regulating processes define detrital dynamics and play a central role in the recovery of forest structure and function by regulating decomposition and therefore carbon and nutrient storage and flow. Our understanding of hurricane impacts comes from measurements of the effects of naturally occurring hurricanes on tabonuco forest and comparisons with similar disturbances in other forests (Walker et al. 1991, 1996a). Base on the evaluation of long-term measurements after the impact of hurricane Hugo and George it becomes clear that the two primary effects of hurricane disturbance are changes in microclimate and redistribution of biomass, and that the interaction of both factors propagate through the system in complex ways. These measurements are informative but cannot tease apart the effects of various aspects of hurricane disturbance and suffer from the lack of a control or reference condition. From this assessment the LUQ-LTER principal investigators jointly identified the need for an experimental manipulation to decouple
Chemistry of soil solution collected from tension lysimeters in the Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) plots
Soil solution chemistry: Soil solution was collected monthly from tension lysimeters installed in the CTE plots. Sampling began prior to cutting the canopy and continue to the present. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Canopy Trimming Experiment Litterfall Nutrients Data
Humid tropical forests have the highest rates of litterfall production globally, which fuels rapid nutrient recycling and high net ecosystem production. Severe storm events significantly alter patterns in litterfall mass and nutrient dynamics through a combination of canopy disturbance and litter deposition. In this study, we used a large-scale long-term manipulation experiment to explore the separate and combined effects of canopy trimming and litter deposition on litterfall rates and litter nutrient concentrations and content. The deposition of fine litter associated with the treatments was equivalent to more than two times the annual fine litterfall mass and nutrient content in control plots. Results showed that canopy trimming was the primary driver of changes in litterfall and associated nutrient cycling. Canopy trimming reduced litterfall mass by 14 Mg ha-1 over the 2.5 year post-trim period. Nutrient concentrations increased in some litter fractions following trimming, likely due to a combination of changes in the species and fractional composition of litterfall, and increased nutrient uptake from reduced competition for nutrients. Declines in litterfall mass, however, led to large reductions in litterfall nutrient content with a loss of 143 ± 22 kg N ha-1 and 7 ± 0.2 kg P ha-1 over the 2.5 year post-trim period. There were no significant effects of litter deposition on litterfall rates or nutrient content, contrary to results from some fertilizer experiments. Our results suggest that large pulsed inputs of nutrients associated with tropical storms are unlikely to increase litterfall production, and that canopy disturbance has large and lasting effects on carbon and nutrient cycling. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecologic
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) Microbial diversity DNA data
Hurricanes are common disturbances in the Caribbean region that affect tree distribution, species diversity and biomass in forests. Little is known of how microbial communities in soil and litter are affected by natural or anthropogenic disturbances. The objective of our study was to determine the relative abundance and diversity of microorganisms in leaf litter at different stages of decomposition, and the effect of canopy opening and debris addition or removal. Results: Leaf mass loss was slowest in the treatment with canopy trimming and debris removal. Canopy opening was associated with lower litter moisture, lower fungal connectivity between litter layers and slower mass loss after three months. Addition of green leaves increased moisture, and frequently accelerated mass loss of the senesced leaves below them at 17, 28 and 40.5, but not 53 weeks. After 28 weeks, mass loss showed a significant treatment interaction, and was concordant with fungal connectivity between litter cohorts. TRFLP profiles of the 16S rDNA digested with MnlI and fungal ITS digested with HaeIII shows that the microbial communities at 17, 28 and 53 weeks were highly divergent among treatments (Sorensen index of similarity). In comparisons of green versus senesced leaves within treatments, bacterial communities’ differed somewhat, fungal communities differed strongly, but mass loss did not differ. Conclusions: Microbial community changes through time can be related to microclimate and the availability of labile compounds. Fungi appeared to control the succession of microorganisms in decomposing leaves. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute o
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) Walking Stick Data
The objective of these data is to determine how green litter deposition and canopy opening associated with a hurricane independently and jointly affect population dynamics of walking sticks (Lamponius portoricensis). Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Canopy Trimming Experiment Micrometeorological Data - Air and Soil Temperature Daily Averages
Air and soil temperature and soil moisture was measured at the Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) using Campbell dataloggers and sensors. This data set includes average daily values for the three variables, as measured by the dataloggers, programed to obtain the average of three monitoring points per plot. CTE experimental description is presented in the Research Project page of this experiment. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) Hourly Air Temperature data
Hourly air temperature measured by sensors in 3 points within each of the 12 CTE Plots from 2003 to 2009. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
StreamFRE: Canopy cover over Prieta stream
Measurements of canopy cover over Prieta Stream, as part of the Stream Flow Reduction Experiment (StreamFRE). Background: StreamFRE started in October 2016 with the goal of assessing the effects of droughts on stream ecosystems. The project is designed to assess the effect of flow reduction, the main effect of droughts on streams. We collected pre-manipulation data from October 2016 to September 2017, when Hurricanes Irma and Maria hit Puerto Rico. The project became a hurricane impact assessment from September 2017 to early 2021, when the flow reduction is scheduled to start. Since pools and riffles are always the same, measurements allow to assess changes in canopy over time and in response to experimental and natural disturbances.
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