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154 results for “carbon stocks”

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dryad36/100

Grazing in a megagrazer-dominated savanna does not reduce soil carbon stocks, even at high intensities

Recent studies suggest that wild animals can promote ecosystem carbon sinks through their impacts on vegetation and soils. However, livestock studies show that intense levels of grazing reduce soil organic carbon (SOC), leading to concerns that rewilding with large grazers may compromise ecosystem carbon storage. Furthermore, wild grazers can both limit and promote woody plant recruitment and survival on savanna grasslands, with both positive and negative impacts on SOC, depending on the rainfall and soil texture contexts. We used grazing lawns in one of the few African protected savannas that are still dominated by megagrazers (>1000 kg), namely white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), as a model to study the impact of prolonged and intense wild grazing on SOC stocks. We contrasted SOC stocks between patches of varying grazing intensity and woody plant encroachment in sites across different rhino habitat types. We found no differences in SOC stocks between the most- and least-grazed plots in any of the habitats. Intermediately grazed plots, however, had higher SOC stocks in the top 5 cm compared to most and least grazed plots, but only in the closed-canopy woodland habitat and not in the open habitats. Importantly, we found no evidence to support the hypothesis that wild grazing reduces SOC, even at high grazing intensities by the world's largest megagrazer. Compared to the non-encroached reference plots, woody encroached plots had higher SOC stocks in soils with low clay content and lower SOC stocks in soils with high clay content, although only in the top 5 cm. Accordingly, our study highlights that wild grazers may influence SOC indirectly through their impact on tree-grass ratios in grassy ecosystems. Our study thus provides important insights for future nature-based climate solutions that focus on wild grazer conservation and restoration.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Drivers of soil organic carbon stock during tropical forest succession

Soil organic matter contributes to productivity in terrestrial ecosystems and contains more carbon than is found in the atmosphere. Yet, there is little understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration processes during tropical forest succession, particularly after land abandonment from agriculture practices. Here we used vegetation and environmental data from two large-scale surveys covering a total landscape area of 20,000 ha in Southeast Asia to investigate the effects of plant species diversity, functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, aboveground biomass, and environmental factors on SOC sequestration during forest succession. We found that functional trait diversity plays an important role in determining SOC sequestration across successional trajectories. Increases in SOC carbon storage were associated with indirect positive effects of species diversity and succession age via functional trait diversity, but phylogenetic diversity and aboveground biomass showed no significant relationship with SOC stock. Furthermore, the effects of soil properties and functional trait diversity on SOC carbon storage shift across elevation. Synthesis: Our results suggest that reforestation and restoration management practices that implement a trait-based approach by combining long-lived and short-lived species (conservative and acquisitive traits) to increase plant functional diversity could enhance SOC sequestration for climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts, as well as accelerate recovery of healthy soils.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Tree biomass does not correlate with soil carbon stocks in forest-tundra ecotones along a 1100 km latitudinal gradient in Norway

Due to climate warming, forests are expanding to higher elevations and latitudes at the expense of tundra vegetation. While the subsequent increase in aboveground biomass is well-documented, there is much speculation regarding the effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. To provide insight into the consequences of tree encroachment into treeless tundra, we sampled SOC stocks across 36 forest-tundra ecotones along a 1100 km latitudinal gradient in Norway. Our results show that SOC stocks vary greatly within, as well as among treeline ecotones, and that SOC stocks do not correlate with tree biomass and tree species. SOC stocks do increase with temperature, and vary with slope steepness, slope aspect, and soil parent material. Applying a 'space-for-time substitution' perspective, our findings suggest that tree encroachment into tundra is unlikely to have immediate consequences for SOC stocks.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Cropland management impacts on soil organic carbon stock changes in US croplands from 1990 to 2015

This geospatial dataset represents soil organic carbon stock changes estimated from a counterfactual analysis of climate-smart soil management practices that were adopted in U.S. croplands between 1990 and 2015. The counterfactual scenarios are relative to historical cropland management implemented in the U.S. for the temporal domain of this study. These data provide a large-scale overview of the carbon stock changes in US cropland agricultural soils associated with conservation tillage, manure amendments, cover crops terminated with cultivation, cover crop terminated with herbicide, hay and pasture in rotation with annual crops, set-aside/Conservation Reserve Program lands. Data were generated using the DayCent ecosystem model driven by cropping histories in the USDA National Resources Inventory (NRI) and associated agricultural management data. The average annual stock change was calculated for each management practice to determine the impact. Average rates of annual stock changes on a per-hectare basis (averaged from 1990 to 2015) are presented as a gridded dataset. Data are in a GeoTIFF format on a 5 km grid.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Forest net biome exchange and carbon stock projections by the regions of mainland Finland

Forest net biome exchange and carbon stock projections with uncertainty by regions of the mainland Finland over period 2015-2050. Projections under three climate scenarios, RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, and four harvest scenarios - BaseHarv (historical average harvest level of the years 2015-2021), slightly more intensive harvests MaxHarv (1.2 x BaseHarv), lower harvest intensity LowHarv (0.6 x BaseHarv) and no harvests after the year 2021 NoHarv - for each administrative region (NUTS3), and as aggregated from all the regions to the whole country, are given. The files contain mean value and 2.5%, 5%, 25%, 75%, 95% and 97.5% quantiles of the average Net Biome emissions (file NBEave.xlsx) and total carbon stock (file Cstockave.xlsx). The forest areas (forest land and poorly productive forest land, excluding undrained peatlands), and areas of mineral soils and drained organic soils for each region and the whole mainland of Finland are given in file areas.xlsx. Description of the used data and methods are given in article: Junttila, V., Minunno, F., Peltoniemi, M. et al. Quantification of forest carbon flux and stock uncertainties under climate change and their use in regionally explicit decision making: Case study in Finland. Ambio (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01906-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01906-4</a>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

dryad36/100