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139 results for “climate conditions”
Diminishing potential for tropical reefs to function as coral diversity strongholds under climate change conditions
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Microbe-induced plant resistance against insect pests depends on timing of inoculation, but is consistent across climatic conditions
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Data from: Dispersal and connectivity in increasingly extreme climatic conditions
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Global Agricultural Land Resources – A High Resolution Suitability Evaluation and Its Perspectives until 2100 under Climate Change Conditions (v2.0)
<p><strong>Agricultural land resources – a global suitability evaluation</strong></p> <p><em>An inventory is required on the changing potentially suitable areas for agriculture under changing climate conditions. Within the context of the GLUES project, researchers at the Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU) investigated the global agricultural suitability of land under changing climate conditions at high spatial resolution. The growing demand for food, feed, fiber and bioenergy increases pressure on land and causes land use/cover change and trade-offs between different uses of land and ecosystem services. In order to ensure food security, agricultural potentials need to be used more efficiently in the future. Therefore, the agricultural suitability of land are important information e.g. in order to identify todays suitable areas and possible future changes. The potential suitability of todays forested and protected areas can be used to identify possible hotspots of land use/cover change. Therefore, LMU is working on improving the knowledge of global agricultural potentials of land and better understanding the interdependencies between ecological and socio-economic systems which are driving land use/cover change.</em></p> <p><strong>Determining Agricultural Suitability</strong></p> <p>Local climate, soil and topography determine the available energy, water and nutrient supply for agricultural crops and thus their natural suitability. In order to allow for computing the natural agricultural constraints on the globe at 30 arc seconds (1km) spatial resolution, the following high resolution data were applied:</p> <p>Daily data for temperature, precipitation and solar radiation from the global climate model ECHAM5. Soil data comes from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). Considered soil properties are texture, proportion of coarse fragments and gypsum, base saturation, pH content, organic carbon content, salinity, sodicity. Topography data was applied from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Irrigation has strong impact on the crop’s suitability. It is considered on todays irrigated areas as given by the FAO Aquastat Global Maps of Irrigated Areas (GMIA) dataset. The determinant factors are contrasted with the crop-specific requirements, using a fuzzy-logic approach. The crop requirements are taken from literature.</p> <p><strong>Agricultural Suitability</strong></p> <p>General agricultural suitability at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec, considering rainfed conditions and irrigation on currently irrigated areas. The agricultural suitability represents for each pixel the maximum suitability value of the considered 16 plants. The dataset contains four time periods (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 2011-2040, 2071-2100).</p> <p><strong>Suitability Change due to Climate until 2100</strong></p> <p>Change in agricultural suitability and crop suitability due to climate change for SRES A1B scenario conditions for 16 crops between 1981-2010 and 2071-2100 at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec.</p> <p><strong>Multiple Cropping</strong></p> <p>Potential number of suitable crop cycles for 16 crops at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec, considering rainfed conditions and irrigation on currently irrigated areas. The dataset contains four time periods (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 2011-2040, 2071-2100).</p> <p><strong>Growing Cycle</strong></p> <p>Start of the growing cycle for 16 crops at a spatial resolution of 30 arcsec, considering rainfed conditions and irrigation on currently irrigated areas. In case of multiple cropping, the start of the first growing cycle is shown. The dataset contains four time periods (1961-1990, 1981-2010, 2011-2040, 2071-2100).</p> <p><strong>Further information</strong></p> <p>Detailled information are available in the following publication:<br> Zabel F., Putzenlechner B., Mauser W. (2014): <strong>Global agricultural land resources – a high resolution suitability evaluation and its perspectives until 2100 under climate change conditions. </strong> Online available: <a href="http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107522">PLOS ONE</a>. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107522</p> <p><strong>Improvements in v2.0</strong></p> <p>Compared to previous versions, v2.0 uses updated input data for soil and minor improvements of the statistical downscaling and the bias correction of the climate model data.</p> <p><strong>Contact</strong></p> <p>Please contact: Dr. Florian Zabel, <a href="mailto:f.zabel@lmu.de">f.zabel@lmu.de</a>, Department für Geographie, LMU München (<a href="http://www.geografie.uni-muenchen.de">www.geografie.uni-muenchen.de</a>)</p>
Figure 4. 3D in First fossil frog from Antarctica: implications for Eocene high latitude climate conditions and Gondwanan cosmopolitanism of Australobatrachia
Figure 4. 3D models of some skeletal elements of Australobatrachia. (a,f) skull and (b–e,g–j) ilia of Calyptocephalella gayi (a–e); Telmatobufo venustus (f–h); Myobatrachus gouldii (i); Limnodynastes convexiusculus (j). Collection numbers of each specimen are listed in Table S1.
Figure 1 in First fossil frog from Antarctica: implications for Eocene high latitude climate conditions and Gondwanan cosmopolitanism of Australobatrachia
Figure 1. Maps and stratigraphic column of the studied area and succession. (a) Map of Antarctica showing the location of the study area. (b) Map of the northern Antarctic Peninsula showing the location of Seymour Island. (c) Geological sketch map of Seymour Island, showing the position of the fossil locality (asterisk). (d) Stratigraphic column of the La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island (from11) showing the position of the fossil locality (asterisk). Redrawn from13.
Data from: Climatic conditions produce contrasting influences on demographic traits in a long distance Arctic migrant
The manner in which patterns of variation and interactions among demographic rates contribute to population growth rate (λ) is key to understanding how animal populations will respond to changing climatic conditions. Migratory species are likely to be particularly sensitive to climatic conditions as they experience a range of different environments throughout their annual cycle. However, few studies have provided fully integrated demographic analyses of migratory populations in response to changing climatic conditions. Here, we employed integrated population models to demonstrate that the environmental conditions experienced during a short but critical period play a central role in the demography of a long-distance migrant, the light-bellied Brent goose (Branta bernicla hrota). Female survival was positively associated with June North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) values, whereas male survival was not. In contrast, breeding productivity was negatively associated with June NAO, suggesting a trade-off between female survival and reproductive success. Both adult female and adult male survival showed low temporal variation, whereas there was high temporal variation in recruitment and breeding productivity. In addition, while annual population growth was positively correlated with annual breeding productivity, a sensitivity analysis revealed that population growth was most sensitive to changes in adult survival. Our results demonstrate that the environmental conditions experienced during a relatively short-time window at the start of the breeding season play a critical role in shaping the demography of a long-distant Arctic migrant. Crucially, different demographic rates responded in opposing directions to climatic variation, emphasising the need for integrated analysis of multiple demographic traits when understanding population dynamics.
Data from: Coping with the climate: cuticular hydrocarbon acclimation of ants under constant and fluctuating conditions
Terrestrial arthropods achieve waterproofing by a layer of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). At the same time, CHCs also serve as communication signals. To maintain waterproofing under different climate conditions, insects adjust the chemical composition of their CHC layer, but this may affect the communication via CHC. The detailed acclimatory changes of CHCs and how these influence their physical properties are still unknown. Here, we studied acclimation in two closely related ant species with distinct CHC profiles, Myrmica rubra and Myrmica ruginodis, in response to constant or fluctuating temperature and humidity regimes. We measured how acclimation affected CHC composition and viscosity, and the ants' drought survival. In both species, CHC composition showed strong, predictable responses to temperature regimes. Warm-acclimated individuals had higher proportions of linear alkanes, and less methyl-branched or unsaturated CHCs. These changes coincided with higher solid content and viscosity of CHCs in warm-acclimated ants. Temperature fluctuation caused effects similar to constant-cool conditions in M. rubra, but led to entirely different profiles in M. ruginodis, suggesting that fluctuating and constant conditions pose very different challenges. Acclimation to dry conditions led to higher absolute amounts of CHCs, which increased the ants' drought survival, whereas temperature acclimation did not. Hence, the temperature-induced CHC changes cannot be explained by the need for waterproofing alone. While these changes could be non-adaptive, we propose that they serve to maintain a constant CHC viscosity, which may be essential for communication and other functions.
Data from: Climatic conditions cause spatially dynamic polygyny thresholds in a large mammal
The polygyny threshold (PT) is a critical transition point in the sexual selection process for many organisms in natural populations, characterizing when females choose to mate with an already mated male over an unmated one to improve fitness. Understanding its causes and consequences is therefore of high interest. While both theoretical and empirical work suggest that the degree of polygyny within a species is plastic and a function of male inequality, the functional relationship between underlying availability of resources occupied by breeding males under variable climatic conditions and the dynamics of PTs across space and time has received less attention. Here, we use a standardized measure of male mating inequality as the culmination of female mate choices to analyse how spatially dynamic PTs in a naturally regulated feral horse (Equus ferus caballus) population emerge along a geographic gradient in a known, limiting resource (freshwater) each year from variable climatic conditions. Polygyny threshold distance from permanent freshwater increased with increasing precipitation during the breeding season of each year, suggesting a relationship between annual resource availability and female mate choice. The mechanism by which climatic conditions underpin the spatial dynamics of PTs was likely through precipitation providing ephemeral freshwater sources across the study area that effectively weakened the gradient in availability of permanent freshwater, thereby providing mating males that occupied home ranges far from permanent water with access to this limiting resource and enabling them to attract and retain females. Increased precipitation also coincided with a decreased proportion of males in the population that experienced sexual selection pressure attributed to female mate choice in relation to the acquisition and/or defence of freshwater sources. Climatic conditions caused spatial shifts in PTs annually along the geographic gradient in resource availability. Our findings reveal that such environmental gradients may either buffer or amplify impacts of climatic variation on selection pressure operating in natural populations, and emphasize the importance of integrating spatially explicit PTs with atmospheric fluctuations when predicting the effect of climatic change on selection processes within populations that occupy environmental gradients.
Drought may exacerbate dryland soil inorganic carbon loss under warming climate conditions
<p>Data of the Q10 value and soil properties for the study entitled "Drought may exacerbate dryland soil inorganic carbon loss under warming climate conditions".</p>
Range shifts in butternut, a rare, endangered tree, in response to past climate and modern conditions
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Range shifts are a key process that determine species distributions and genetic patterns. A previous investigation reported that <em>Juglans cinerea</em> (butternut) has lower genetic diversity at higher latitudes, hypothesized to be the result of range shifts following the last glacial period. However, genetic patterns can also be impacted by modern ecogeographic conditions. Therefore, we re-investigate genetic patterns of butternut with additional northern population sampling, hindcasted species distribution models, and fossil pollen records to clarify the impact of glaciation on butternut.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Eastern North America</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> <em>Juglans cinerea </em>(L., Juglandaceae) (butternut)</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Using 11 microsatellites, we examined range-wide spatial patterns of genetic diversity metrics (allelic richness, heterozygosity, FST) for previously studied butternut individuals and an additional 757 samples. We constructed hindcast species distribution models and mapped fossil pollen records to evaluate habitat suitability and evidence of species' presence throughout space and time.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Contrary to previous work on butternut, we found that genetic diversity increased with distance to range edge, and previous latitudinal clines in diversity were likely due to a few outlier populations. Populations in New Brunswick, Canada were genetically distinct from other populations. At the Last Glacial Maximum, pollen records demonstrate butternut likely persisted near the glacial margin, and hindcast species distribution models identified suitable habitat in the southern United States and near Nova Scotia.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Genetic patterns in butternut may be shaped by both glaciation and modern environmental conditions. Pollen records and hindcast species distribution models combined with genetic distinctiveness in New Brunswick suggest that butternut may have persisted in cryptic northern refugia. We suggest that thorough sampling across a species range and evaluating multiple lines of evidence are essential to understanding past species movements.</p>
The nutritional condition of moose co-varies with climate, but not with density, predation risk, or diet composition
<p>A fundamental question about the ecology of herbivore populations pertains to the relative influence of biotic and abiotic processes on nutritional condition. Nutritional condition is influenced in important, yet poorly understood, ways by plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) which can adversely affect a herbivore's physiology and energetics. Here we assess the relative influence of various abiotic (weather) and biotic (intraspecific competition, predation risk and diet composition) factors on indicators of nutritional condition and the energetic costs of detoxifying PSMs for the moose population in Isle Royale National Park (U.S.A.). Specifically, we observed interannual variation in the ratio of urea nitrogen to creatinine (UN:C), an indicator of nutritional restriction, over 29 years and the ratio of glucuronic acid to creatinine (GA:C), an indicator of energetic investment, in detoxifying PSMs over 19-years. Both UN:C and GA:C were measured in samples of urine-soaked snow. Most importantly, climatic factors explained 66% of the interannual variation in UN:C, with moose being more nutritionally stressed during winters with deep snow and during winters that followed warm summers. None of the biotic factors (density, predation, diet composition) were useful predictors of UN:C or GA:C. The absence of a relationship between diet composition and either UN:C or GA:C suggests that the nutritional ecology of wild herbivores is probably complicated by fine-scale variation in protein content and concentrations of PSMs amongst plants of the same species. UN:C increased with GA:C at both the individual and population-level. That result is consistent with detoxification being energetically costly, such that it impairs nutritional condition and also highlight show spatio-temporal variation in the intake and detoxification of PSMs may influence population dynamics. Lastly, because we observed interannual variation in nutritional condition over three decades and detoxification over two decades these findings are relevant to concerns about how herbivore populations respond to climate change.</p>
Model data - Impact of Ural blocking on early-winter climate variability under different Barents-Kara sea ice conditions
<p>Model data for JGR paper : Impact of Ural blocking on early-winter climate variability under different Barents-Kara sea ice conditions</p>
Using retrospective life-tables to assess the effect of extreme climatic conditions on ungulate demography
<p>In Mediterranean areas, severe drought events are expected to intensify in forthcoming years as a consequence of climate change. These events may increase physiological and reproductive stress of wild populations producing demographic changes and distribution shifts.</p> <p>We used retrospective life tables to understand demographic changes on a wild population after severe drought events. We studied the impact of two extreme events (2003 and 2005) on the population dynamics of our model species, the red deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>). During both years, population density was high (40 and 36 ind/100 hectares, respectively). Thus, we reconstructed retrospectively the age-structure of the female part of the population for the period 2000-2010 by using data of known-age individuals culled during the period 2000 to 2019 (n = 4176). Also, based on previous studies results, we aimed to validate this methodology.</p> <p>Both extremely dry years, 2003 and 2005, produced marked and lasting cohort effects on population demography. Age pyramid the following years (2004 and 2006) revealed that the extreme drought caused the female fawn cohort to be similar or even smaller than the yearling cohort. Furthermore, these cohort effects were still perceptible 3 years after theses severe events. Results agree with previous findings that showed a negative effect of severe drought events on female pregnancy rates and conception dates.</p> <p>Although simple, this study provides an empirical quantification of the demographic effects of severe drought events for a wild population which might be useful to understand future demographic changes under the context of climate change.</p>
Hydrothermal conditions modulate the impact of climate extremes on vegetation growth in the Northern Hemisphere
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong></p> <p>Climate extremes are becoming more frequent under global warming, with substantial repercussions for vegetation growth. The degree to which climate extremes increase the risk of high-impact events on vegetation growth is of high concern.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong></p> <p>Northern Hemisphere (north of 30° N)<span>.</span></p> <p><strong>Time Period</strong></p> <p><span>F</span>rom 2001 to 2022<span>.</span></p> <p><strong>Major Taxa Studied</strong></p> <p><span>P</span><span>l</span><span>ants</span><span>.</span></p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p><span>W</span>e utilized solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as proxies for vegetation growth and performed event coincidence and sensitivity analyses to attribute satellite-derived vegetation growth extremes to diverse climate extremes (extreme heat, cold, wet, and drought) in the Northern Hemisphere.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Our results showed that extreme heat and cold were the main climatic extremes that induced positive and negative vegetation growth extremes north of 30° N, respectively, mainly in cold and humid ecosystems (boreal and temperate forests). Water-related extreme events accounted for less than one-third of vegetation extremes. The contribution of drought to positive vegetation growth extreme events (approximately 17%), mainly in cold and humid ecosystems, was even slightly higher than that of extreme wet (approximately 12%), which predominantly impacted relatively warm and arid ecosystems (croplands and temperate grasslands). We further identified potential climatic thresholds that could induce a reversal of vegetation growth responses to climate extremes and showed that the past <span>two</span> decades of warming and precipitation changes did not induce a shift in the main climatic drivers of vegetation extremes across northern ecosystems.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions</strong></p> <p>Our results emphasize the crucial role of background hydrothermal conditions in the attribution of vegetation growth extremes to diverse climate extremes across northern ecosystems and have substantial implications for predicting how Northern Hemisphere vegetation will respond to increasing climate extremes in the future.</p>
The Enhanced Teleconnection of Maritime Continent Deforestation on North Pacific Climate During La Niña Conditions
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Evaluation of Thermal Comfort Conditions in The Working Environments of Seasonal Agricultural Workers in Csa Koppen Climate Type
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Genetic datasets, climatic conditions at sampled localities, and occurrence data to: Ice age-driven range shifts of diploids and expanding autotetraploids within a conserved niche (Grünig, Patsiou & Parisod, 2024, New Phytologist)
<div> <h3><strong>This repository includes</strong></h3> - An overview of the raw sequencing reads deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) for the 370 individuals sampled in 17 diploid and 19 tetraploid field populations <div>- Scripts used to genotype diploids and autotetraploids samples of <em>Biscutella laevigata</em> from ddRADseq data</div> <div>- Input data (as vcf format) used in population genetic analyses</div> <div>- Scripts used to run the different genetic analyses</div> <div>- Dataset of extracted climatic conditions at sampled localities</div> <div>- Occurrence dataset used for the climatic niche modelling</div> <br> <h3><strong>Description of the data and file structure</strong></h3> <strong>00.ENA_samples_correspondance.txt: </strong>provides ENA project ID, run ID (i.e. raw fastq files), sample ID, and alias for each sample included in the study.<br> <div> </div> <div><strong>1.scripts_reads_to_vcf.zip:</strong> consists of the following:</div> - <strong>1.reads_to_vcf.md: </strong>md file with scripts documenting the read quality check, demultiplexing, mapping, SNP calling using GATK4, and filtering steps<br> <div>- Additional scripts called within <strong>1.reads_to_vcf.md</strong>:</div> <div>-- 1.3. Mapping: <strong>02_run_mapping_XXX.py</strong> and <strong>BWA-mem_bisc1_sg.py</strong> scripts</div> <div>-- 1.4.a. HaplotypeCaller: <strong>03_V1_gvcf.py</strong></div> <div>-- 1.4.b. GDBI + genotypeGVCF: <strong>03_V3_gdbi_genotype_per100scaf.py</strong></div> <br> <div><strong>2.datasets_genetics.tar.gz</strong> consists of the following</div> <br> <div>- <strong>bisc_all370_diminDP15_tetraminDP30.vcf.gz</strong>: "Initial SNPs dataset" = biallelic SNPs fulfilling GATK quality hard filtering recommendations, present in at least 50% of samples. Genotypes with DP<15 for diploids and DP<30 for tetraploids are set to no-call. This vcf was used as basis for fastsimcoal dataset preparation, and as basis for subsequent selection of loci fulfilling requirements of each analysis. It includes 2246701 biallelic SNPs for 370 samples</div> <br> <div>- <strong>bisc_all370_diminDP15_tetraminDP30_MD05_pruned.vcf.gz:</strong> subset of the "Initial SNPs dataset" retaining SNPs called in at least 50% of samples, and pruned for Linkage disequilibrium. This vcf includes 107574 biallelic SNPs for 370 samples and was used in the analysis of the proportion of diploids diagnostic alleles shared by tetraploids.</div> <br> <div>- <strong>bisc_all370_diminDP15_tetraminDP30_MD01_pruned.vcf.gz: </strong>subset of the "Initial SNPs dataset", retaining SNPs called in at least 90% of samples, and pruned for Linkage disequilibrium. This vcf includes 4444 biallelic SNPs for 370 samples and was used in the analyses of Population diversity and differentiation (SpaGeDi, GenoDive, PCA), and f3-statistics.</div> <br> <div>- <strong>bisc_all370_diminDP15_tetraminDP30_MD0.1_pruned_MAC3rm.vcf.gz:</strong> subset of the "Initial SNPs dataset", retaining SNPs called in at least 90% of samples, pruned for Linkage disequilibrium, and with a minor allele count of 3. This vcf includes 2593 biallelic SNPs for 370 samples and was used in STRUCTURE analysis</div> <br><br> <div><strong>3.pres_2x.txt:</strong> list of the 128 diploid occurrences used in climatic niche modelling</div> <br> <div><strong>3.pres_4x_strat_reg.txt:</strong> list of the 924 tetraploid occurrences used in climatic niche modelling</div> <br> <div><strong>biscall_chelsa_ordered_noDEM.txt:</strong> climatic data extracted from the CHELSA dataset at sampled localities</div> <br> <div><strong>4.plot_GTfreqs.md:</strong> markdown file including scripts to plot allele and genotype frequencies</div> <br> <div> </div> <h3><strong>Sharing/Access information</strong></h3> Raw sequencing reads have been deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) at EMBL-EBI under the accession number PRJEB48869:<a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB48869"> https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB48869</a></div>
Fig. 4 Species distribution models for Vaejovis carolinianus. Results were projected onto LGM conditions from MIROC a and CCSM4 b data sources invoking the model generated using current climates data c in Pliocene origins, Pleistocene refugia, and postglacial range expansions in southern devil scorpions (Vaejovidae: Vaejovis carolinianus)
Fig. 4 Species distribution models for Vaejovis carolinianus. Results were projected onto LGM conditions from MIROC a and CCSM4 b data sources invoking the model generated using current climates data c. Localities used to test and train the model are indicated by
Assessment of carbon stocks and sequestration potential of urban bio- park under arid climatic conditions
<p>Assessment of carbon stocks and sequestration potential of urban bio- <br>park under arid climatic conditions </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.