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87 results for “climatic drivers”
Data from: Latitudinal patterns and climatic drivers of Laurasian and Gondwanan angiosperm tree distributions in forests of the Americas
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The climatic drivers of long-term population changes in rainforest montane birds
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Data for: Climatic and management-related drivers of endemic European spruce bark beetle populations in boreal forests
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Data from: Drivers of climate change impacts on bird communities
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Data from: Climatic drivers of leaf traits and genetic divergence in the tree Annona crassiflora: a broad spatial survey in the Brazilian savannas
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Climate drivers of summer warming in Emerald Lake, Sierra Nevada, California
Mountain lakes experience extreme inter-annual climate variation as well as rapidly warming air temperatures, making them ideal systems to understand lake-climate responses. Snowpack and water temperature are highly correlated in mountain lakes, but we lack a complete understanding of underlying mechanisms. Motivated by predicted declines in snowfall with future temperature increases, we investigated how surface heat fluxes and lake temperature responded to variation in snowpack, ice-duration, and weather in a typical high elevation lake in the Sierra Nevada, California. Ice duration determined the phenology of lake exposure to solar radiation, and was the dominant mechanism linking snowpack to lake temperature. The relative importance of heat loss fluxes (longwave radiation, latent and sensible heat exchange) varied among wet and dry years. Declines in snowpack and ice cover in mountain systems will reduce the scale of variation in lake thermal responses and increase the responsiveness of lake warming to atmospheric forcing.
Climatic and Vegetational Drivers of Insect Beta Diversity at the Continental Scale
<p>Aim</p> <p>We construct a framework for mapping pattern and drivers of insect diversity at the continental scale, and use it to test whether and which environmental gradients drive insect beta diversity.</p> <p>Location</p> <p>Global; North and Central America; Western Europe</p> <p>Time period</p> <p>21st century</p> <p>Major taxa studied</p> <p>Insects</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An informatics system was developed to integrate terrestrial data on insects with environmental parameters. We mined repositories of data for distribution, climatic data was retrieved (WorldClim), and vegetation parameters inferred from remote sensing analysis (MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields). Beta diversity between sites was calculated and then modelled with two methods, Mantel test with Multiple Regression and Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Geographic distance was usually the main driver of insect beta diversity. Independent of geographic distance, bioclimate variables explained more variance in dissimilarity than vegetation variables, although the particular variables found to be significant were more consistent in the latter, particularly, tree cover. Tree cover gradients drove compositional dissimilarity at denser coverages, in both continental case studies. For climate, gradients in temperature parameters were significant in driving beta diversity more so than gradients in precipitation parameters.</p> <p>Main conclusions</p> <p>Although environmental gradients drive insect beta diversity independently of geography, the relative contribution of different climatic and vegetational parameters is not expected to be consistent in different study systems. With further incorporation of additional temporal information and variables, this approach will enable development of a predictive framework for conserving insect biodiversity at the global-scale.</p> <p> </p>
Supporting Data 1 for Potential drivers of disparity in early Middle Pleistocene interglacial climate response over Eurasia
<p>This document contains Supporting Data for the manuscript "Potential drivers of disparity in early Middle Pleistocene interglacial climate response over Eurasia" by B. Bradák, G. Újvári, T. Stevens, M.F. Bógalo, M. I. González, and M. Hyodo, submitted to Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. </p> <p>Content description:</p> <ul> <li>AMS_raw [Sheet 1]: the sheet contains the raw AMS (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) data which was used during the determination of paleowind directions.</li> <li>AMS_stereoplots [Sheet 2]: the sheet contains the reconstructed paleowind direction is based on the stereoplot analysis and the alignment of the kmax axis.</li> <li>IRM_unmix_GAPplots [Sheet 3]: the sheet contains the so called gradient acquisition plots, used during the decomposition of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) curves and indicating the separated populations of magnetic components.</li> <li>IRM_unmix_raw [Sheet 4]: the sheet contains the characteristics of the magnetic components, identified during the decomposition of IRM curves.</li> <li>Xlf_fd_raw [Sheet 5]: the sheet contains all of the measured magnetic susceptibility frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility data from the profile and its average unit by unit.</li> <li>Xbckg [Sheet 6]: the sheet contains the Xlf vs. Xfd plot which is essential to the determination of background susceptibility (Xbckg) and the paleoprecipitation data.</li> <li>Data (Fig.2) [Sheet 7]: the complex dataset contains essential information about the units of the profile and about the proxy data, which were used during the analysis and appears at Fig. 2. As an additional information it contains step by step information about the calculation of paleoprecipitation values and about the calculation of IRM proxies.</li> <li>Age-depth model (Fig. 3) [Sheet 8]: the sheet contains data and additional information about the age model, used in the study and appears at Fig. 3.</li> <li>Pleist wind in Eurasia (Fig. 4) [Sheet 9]: the sheet summerizes basic information about the profiles which was used during the determination of the influence of various climate centres and characteristic wind directions.</li> <li>Data (Discussion) [Sheet 10]: The sheet summarises the information about the paleoenvironment reconstructed between MIS19 and MIS11 at Paks succession. </li> </ul>
Data from: Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America
Local differences in climate conditions may facilitate rapid evolutionary changes in introduced plants to optimize timing of germination or ability to survive in seed banks, which may constitute beneficial demographic adaptations during range expansions. Understanding differences in germination requirements and emergence patterns across a species' range is critical for demographic modelling and potential invasive species control efforts. We assessed germination responses of Alliaria petiolata using seeds collected from 10 populations spanning much of the North American distribution of the species. We compared germination responses under different stratification regimes in a growth chamber over 2·5 years, and evaluated seedling emergence in a common garden in Ithaca, New York over 13 years. We further evaluated how climate overlap between Ithaca and original collection sites influenced emergence patterns. In the laboratory, germination of all populations was similar and highest at 4 °C stratification. Seeds exposed to sub-zero temperatures delayed germination and population responses were variable. In the common garden, seedlings from most populations emerged over 13 years, and emergence patterns were strongly influenced by population. Annual emergence was positively correlated with spring temperature and inversely correlated with number of spring days with minimum temperature below freezing. Climate overlap between the common garden and original collection location enhanced germination, but common garden climate conditions over the course of the 13-year experiment and population identity had greater explanatory power. Synthesis. Laboratory germination tests did not reflect seedling emergence under field conditions. After 150 years of residence time in North America, Alliaria petiolata populations have developed striking differences in their responses to local climates and stratification requirements suggesting that a complex interplay of pre-adaptation, rapid evolutionary changes, and phenotypic plasticity result in locally adapted populations.
Data from: Nest predation and climate change as drivers of alternative reproductive tactics in a migratory species
<p>Alternative reproductive tactics enable individuals to choose a reproductive tactic relative to their status and prevailing environmental conditions in a way that increases their fitness. Conspecific brood parasitism, in which females lay eggs in nests of conspecifics, is one example of such behaviour. It has been proposed that when prospects for successful nesting are low and/or costs of reproduction are high, females employ tactics of low cost such as non-breeding and parasitic laying. When environmental conditions are ideal and prospects for success high, females can increase their reproductive effort above typical nesting by laying parasitic eggs prior to initiating their own nest. </p>
Niche differentiation within a cryptic pathogen complex: climatic drivers and hyperparasitism at multiple spatial scales
<p><span>Pathogens are embedded in multi-trophic food webs, which often include co-occurring cryptic species within the same pathogen complex. Nonetheless, we still lack an understanding of what dimensions of the ecological niche might allow these cryptic species to coexist. We explored the role of climate, host characteristics (tree autumn phenology) and attack by the fungal hyperparasite <em>Ampelomyces</em> (a group of fungi attacking plant pathogens) in defining the niches of three powdery mildew species (<em>Erysiphe alphitoides</em>, <em>E. hypophylla</em> and<em> E. quercicola</em>) within a cryptic pathogen complex on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur at the continental (Europe), national (Sweden and France) and landscape scales (a 5 km2 island in southwestern Finland). Previous studies have shown that climate separated the niches of three powdery mildew species (<em>E. alphitoides</em>, <em>E. hypophylla </em>and <em>E. quercicola</em>) in Europe and two species (<em>E. alphitoides </em>and <em>E. quercicola</em>) in France. In our study, we did not detect a significant relationship between temperature or precipitation and the distribution of <em>E. alphitoides </em>and <em>E. hypophylla</em> present in Sweden, while at the landscape scale, temperature, but not relative humidity, negatively affected disease incidence of <em>E. alphitoides</em> in an exceptionally warm year. Tree variation in autumn phenology did not influence disease incidence of powdery mildew species, and hyperparasite presence did not differ among powdery mildew species at the continental, national and landscape scale. Climate did not affect the distribution of the hyperparasite at the continental scale and at the national scale in Sweden. However, climate affected the hyperparasite distribution in France, with a negative relationship between non-growing season temperature and presence of the hyperparasite. Overall, our findings, in combination with earlier evidence, suggest that climatic factors are more important than species interactions in defining the niches of cryptic species within a pathogen complex on oak. </span></p>
Climatic drivers and ecological impacts of a rapid range expansion by non-native smallmouth bass
<p>Smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>) are a globally introduced fish species that have experienced widespread range expansions in recent decades and which can have deleterious effects on native fish communities. Rapidly assessing their expansions will aid conservation and management actions geared towards controlling their spread and mitigating their impacts. Smallmouth bass have recently experienced a rapid upstream expansion in a Great Plains river (Laramie River, Wyoming, USA), which provided an opportunity to evaluate the drivers and impacts of this expansion by using a modified before-after, control-impact (BACI) design. Our objectives were to test whether climatic drivers (temperature, precipitation, flow) were related to this range expansion and subsequent effects of the expansion on native fish communities. Smallmouth bass population size in Grayrocks Reservoir increased following a climatically extreme wet year, with statistically extreme amounts of spring-time and June precipitation creating high discharge events that coincided with the upstream expansion. Unlike previous studies highlighting the invasive nature of smallmouth bass, the modified BACI analysis revealed no declines in species richness induced by the expansion. However, there was evidence that native small-bodied minnow species (family <i>Leuciscidae</i>) declined in relative abundance and that community-level and species-level trophic niches were compressed for invaded sites. Our findings provide important insight into how climatic extremes can prompt biological invasions that can alter community composition and food web structure even if local extirpations do not occur.</p>
Climatic drivers of the global biogeography of simple- and compound-leaved woody species
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Data from: The 'male escape hypothesis': sex-biased metamorphosis in response to climatic drivers in a facultatively paedomorphic amphibian
Paedomorphosis is a major evolutionary process that bypasses metamorphosis and allows reproduction in larvae. In newts and salamanders, it can be facultative with paedomorphs retaining gills and metamorphs dispersing. The evolution of these developmental processes is thought to have been driven by the costs and benefits of inhabiting aquatic versus terrestrial habitats. In this context, we aimed at testing the hypothesis that climatic drivers affect phenotypic transition and the difference across sexes because sex-ratio is biased in natural populations. Through a replicated laboratory experiment, we showed that paedomorphic palmate newts (Lissotriton helveticus) metamorphosed at a higher frequency when water availability decreased and metamorphosed earlier when temperature increased in these conditions. All responses were sex-biased, and males were more prone to change phenotype than females. Our work shows how climatic variables can affect facultative paedomorphosis and support theoretical models predicting life on land instead of in water. Moreover, because males metamorphose and leave water more often and earlier than females, these results, for the first time, give an experimental explanation for the rarity of male paedomorphosis (the 'male escape hypothesis') and suggest the importance of sex in the evolution of paedomorphosis versus metamorphosis.
Dataset: Drivers of local extinction risk in alpine plants under warming climate
<p><span>The scarcity of local plant extinctions following recent climate change has been explained by demographic inertia and lags in the displacement of resident species by novel species, generating an "extinction debt". We established a transplant experiment to disentangle the contribution of these processes to local extinction risk of four alpine plants in the Swiss Alps. Projected population growth (λ) derived from integral projection models was reduced by 0.07/°C of warming on average, while novel species additionally decreased λ by 0.15 across warming levels. Effects of novel species on predicted extinction time were greatest at warming <2°C for two species. Projected population declines under both warming and with novel species were primarily driven by increased mortality. Our results suggest that extinction debt can be explained by a combination of demographic inertia and lags in novel species establishment, with the latter being particularly important for some species under low levels of warming.</span></p>
Niche differentiation within a cryptic pathogen complex: climatic drivers and hyperparasitism at multiple spatial scales
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Recent responses to climate change reveal the drivers of species extinction and survival
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Data from: Climate and rapid local adaptation as drivers of germination and seed bank dynamics of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in North America
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Data from: The ‘male escape hypothesis’: sex-biased metamorphosis in response to climatic drivers in a facultatively paedomorphic amphibian
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Data from: Patterns and drivers of biodiversity-stability relationships under climate extremes
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.