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Figure 3 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 3. Abundance based accumulation curves for predatory arthropods based on Hill numbers N0 and N1 confronting extensively and intensively used montane hay meadows in South Tyrol, Italy.
Figure 2 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 2. The mean (and 95 % confidence interval) activity density (individuals per sampling day), species richness, and exponential Shannon diversity of ground-dwelling predatory arthropods from montane extensively and intensively used hay meadows and two sampling seasons (spring and autumn) in South Tyrol, Italy. No significant effect of management was detected for any biodiversity index.
Figure 1 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 1. Maps of the distribution of the six selected hay meadows (EH = extensively used hay meadows; IH = intensively used hay meadows) located in Barbian/Barbiano in the Autonomous Province South Tyrol, Italy.
Fig. 2 in The role of fruit bats in plant community changes in an urban forest in Indonesia
Fig. 2. Total number of fruit bats captured in this study from the UI urban forest. Species are abbreviated as follows: Cbr = C. brachyotis; Cho = C. horsfieldii; Cmi = C. minutus; Csp = C. sphinx; Cti = C. titthaecheilus; Mmi = M. minimus; Mso = M. sobrinus; Ram = R. amplexicaudatus.
Fig. S1 in The role of fruit bats in plant community changes in an urban forest in Indonesia
Fig. S1. Weak correlation between forearm length of fruit bats and the diameter of fruits consumed (Spearman's correlation test, r = 0.15, df = 175, p <0.05).
Fig. 3 in The role of fruit bats in plant community changes in an urban forest in Indonesia
Fig. 3. Association results from vcd between bats and plants. Strength of bat-plant associations are indicated by the height and colour of the bars (Zeileis et al. 2007). The thickness of each bar suggested the number of fruit bats used certain plant species. The length of the bar showed the general diet breath of each fruit bat species. Each of the plant species is represented by a number (1=Filicium decipiens, 2=Nephelium lappaceum, 3=Syzygium sp., 4=Morinda citrifolia, 5=Musa paradisiaca, 6=Pometia pinnata, 7=Cecropia sp., 8=Calliandra sp., 9=Muntingia calabura, 10=Ficus benjamina, 11=Mimusops elengi, 12=Ficus septica, 13=Roystonia regia,14= Acacia mangium,15=Microcos tomentosa, 16=Antidesma sp., 17=Gmelina arborea, 18=Ficus callosa, 19=Syzygium polyanthum, 20=Macaranga sp., 21=Swietenia mahagoni, 22=Ficus hispida, 23= F. racemosa, 24= F. excelsa, 25= F. binnendijkii, 26=Dyospiros sp.). Each of it has a single bar, which depicts the association strength with each of the bat species. The bar graph with darker blue and wider indicates strong association.
Fig. 1 in The role of fruit bats in plant community changes in an urban forest in Indonesia
Fig. 1. Location of the Universitas Indonesia urban forest in South Jakarta, which extends into Depok, Indonesia. Fruit bats connect plant population among green areas in Jakarta and West Java. a) Serengseng Forest; b) Ragunan Zoo Forest; c) Bogor Botanical Garden.
Mutualistic coevolution and community diversity favor persistence in metacommunities under environmental changes
<p>Linking local to regional ecological and evolutionary processes is key to understand the response of Earth's biodiversity to environmental changes. Here we integrate evolution and mutualistic coevolution in a model of metacommunity dynamics to understand how coevolution can shape species distribution and persistence in landscapes varying in space and time. Using simulations, we show that coevolution and species richness can synergistically shape distribution patterns by increasing colonization and reducing extinction of populations in metacommunities. Although conflicting selective pressures emerging from mutualisms may increase mismatches with the local environment and the rate of local extinctions, coevolution increases trait matching among mutualists at the landscape scale, counteracting local maladaptation and favoring colonization and range expansions. Our results show that by facilitating colonization, coevolution can also buffer the effects of environmental changes, preventing species extinctions and the collapse of metacommunities. Our findings reveal the mechanisms whereby coevolution can favor persistence under environmental changes and highlight that these positive effects are greater in more diverse systems that retain landscape connectivity.</p>
Experimental evaluation of how biological invasions and climate change interact to alter the vertical assembly of an amphibian community
<ol> <li>While biotic-abiotic interactions are increasingly documented in nature, a process-based understanding of how such interactions influence community assembly is lacking in the ecological literature. Perhaps the most emblematic and pervasive example of such interactions is the synergistic threat to biodiversity posed by climate change and invasive species. Invasive species often out-compete or prey on native species. Despite this long-standing and widespread issue, little is known about how abiotic conditions, such as climate change, will influence the frequency and severity of negative biotic interactions that threaten the persistence of native fauna.</li> <li>Treefrogs are a globally diverse group of amphibians that climb to complete life-cycle processes, such as foraging and reproduction, as well as to evade predators and competitors, resulting in frog communities that are vertically partitioned. Furthermore, treefrogs adjust their vertical position to maintain optimal body temperature and hydration in response to environmental change. Here, utilizing this model group, we designed a novel experiment to determine how extrinsic abiotic and biotic factors (changes to water availability and an introduced predator, respectively) interact with intrinsic biological traits, such as individual physiology and behavior, to influence treefrogs’ vertical niche. </li> <li>Our study found that treefrogs adjusted their vertical niche through displacement behaviors in accordance with abiotic resources. However, biotic interactions resulted in native treefrogs distancing themselves from abiotic resources to avoid the non-native species. Importantly, under altered abiotic conditions, both native species avoided the non-native species – more than they avoided their native counterpart. Additionally, exposure to the non-native species resulted in native species altering their tree climbing behaviors by and becoming more vertically dynamic to avoid the non-native antagonist.</li> <li>Our experiment determined that vertical niche selection and community interactions were most accurately represented by a biotic-abiotic interaction model, rather than a model that considers these factors to operate in an isolated (singular) or even additive manner. Our study provides evidence that native species may be resilient to interacting disturbances via physiological adaptations to local climate and plasticity in space-use behaviors that mediate the impact of the introduced predator. </li> </ol>
Changes in community-weighted trait mean, functional diversity, precipitation, temperature and surface area along an elevational gradient in Tenerife, Canary Islands
<p>This dataset comprises community-weighted trait means and functional diversity of leaf traits, precipitation, temperature and surface area of the elevational belt recorded in roadside (disturbed) and interior (less disturbed) plots, along an elevational gradient of 2,300 m in Tenerife, Canary Islands. The leaf traits measured were specific leaf area (SLA), nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous, nitrogen to carbon ratio, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), sodium, potassium and magnesium. The environmental variables measured are total precipitation of the growing season, mean temperature of the growing season and surface area of the elevation belt. This dataset has been used for the analysis presented in Ratier Backes et al. (in press). Mechanisms behind elevational plant species richness patterns revealed by a trait-based approach. <em>Journal of Vegetation Science</em>.</p>
Interaction matters: Bottom-up driver interdependencies alter the projected response of phytoplankton communities to climate change, links to model results
<p>This dataset provides the output of ten model simulations with the global ocean biogeochemical model FESOM-REcoM necessary to reproduce the findings of Seifert et al. (2023). In addition to information on the mesh, the dataset contains 5-year means of global phytoplankton biomass, chlorophyll, net primary production, growth rates, limitations, carbonate system parameters (dissolved inorganic carbon, CO2 partial pressure, total alkalinity), temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, and mixed layer depths.</p> <p>File names refer to the figures in the paper where the respective data are used. See “readme” for detailed information on the dataset and separate files.</p>
Interspecific differences in thermal tolerance landscape explain aphid community abundance under climate change
<p>A single critical thermal limit is often used to explain and infer the impact of climate change on geographic range and population abundance. However, it has limited application in describing the temporal dynamic and cumulative impacts of extreme temperatures. Here, we used a thermal tolerance landscape approach to address the impacts of extreme thermal events on the survival of co-existing aphid species (<em>Metopolophium dirhodum, Sitobion avenae </em>and<em> Rhopalosiphum padi</em>). Specifically, we built the thermal death time (TDT) models based on detailed survival datasets of three aphid species with three ages across a broad range of stressful high (34–40 ÅãC) and low (−3∼-11 ÅãC) temperatures to compare the interspecific and developmental stage variations in thermal tolerance. Using these TDT parameters, we performed a thermal risk assessment by calculating the potential daily thermal injury accumulation associated with the regional temperature variations in three wheat-growing sites along a latitude gradient. Results showed that <em>M</em>. <em>dirhodum</em> was the most vulnerable to heat but more tolerant to low temperatures than <em>R. padi </em>and<em> S. avenae. R. padi</em> survived better at high temperatures than <em>Sitobion avenae </em>and<em> M. dirhodum</em> but was sensitive to cold. <em>R. padi</em> was estimated to accumulate higher cold injury than the other two species during winter, while <em>M. dirhodum</em> accrued more heat injury during summer. The warmer site had higher risks of heat injury and the cooler site had higher risks of cold injury along a latitude gradient. These results support recent field observations that the proportion of <em>R. padi</em> increases with the increased frequency of heat waves. We also found that young nymphs generally had a lower thermal tolerance than old nymphs or adults. Our results provide a useful dataset and method for modelling and predicting the consequence of climate change on the population dynamics and community structure of small insects.</p>
Data used in: Assessing the resilience and viability of communities in a changing environment
<p>In order to assess community resilience, we propose to analyse how variation in overall abundance of individuals affect the number of species. We define community senstivity as the ratio between rate of change in log expected number of individuals in the community and the rate of change in the log expected number of species. Second, we define community resistance as the proportional reduction in expected number of individuals that the community can sustain before expecting to lose one species. To illustrate these concepts we use four datasets of bird communities in European deciduous forests.</p> <p>We estimated the total variance of the species abundance distribution in order to calculate the community sensitivity and resistance. We found large differences in species heterogeneity and species-specific response to environmental fluctuations, the two major components of the total variance.</p> <p>The datasets are collected from various previously published sources, see references below and in the paper. The code for importing and analysing the raw data as done in the paper can be found here:<span class="ng-binding"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8252471">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8252471</a>, but we also provide better-structured datasets for easier applications to others.<br></span></p>
Data and code from: Breakdown in seasonal dynamics of subtropical ant communities with land-cover change
<p><span>Concerns about widespread human-induced declines in insect populations are mounting, yet little is known about how land-use change modifies the dynamics of insect communities, particularly in understudied regions. Here, we examine how the seasonal activity patterns of ants—key drivers of terrestrial ecosystem functioning—vary with anthropogenic land-cover change on a subtropical island landscape, and whether differences in temperature or species composition can explain observed patterns. Using trap captures sampled biweekly over two years from a biodiversity monitoring network covering Okinawa Island, Japan, we processed 1.2 million individuals and reconstructed activity patterns within and across habitat types. Forest communities exhibited greater temporal variability of activity than those in more developed areas. Using time-series decomposition to deconstruct this pattern, we found that sites with greater human development exhibited ant communities with diminished seasonality, reduced synchrony, and higher stochasticity compared to sites with greater forest cover. Our results cannot be explained by variation in regional or site temperature patterns, or by differences in species richness or composition among sites. Our study raises the possibility that disruptions to natural seasonal patterns of functionally key insect communities may comprise an important and underappreciated consequence of global environmental change that must be better understood across Earth's biomes.</span></p>
Data and code for Global change drives modern plankton communities away from pre-industrial state
<p>Data and R code for "Global change drives modern plankton communities away from pre-industrial state" by Lukas Jonkers, Helmut Hillebrandt and Michal Kucera (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1230-3).</p> <p>Compare planktonic foraminifera species assemblages from sediments and sediment traps.</p> <p>Scripts written by Lukas Jonkers</p> <p>DATA SOURCES<br> * HadISST: Rayner, N. A. et al. Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 108, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670 (2003).<br> * ERSST v5: Huang, B. et al. NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST), Version 5. Monthly mean. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5T72FNM. Access date: 14 Sep 2018. (2017).<br> * sediment assemblages: Siccha, M. & Kucera, M. ForCenS, a curated database of planktonic foraminifera census counts in marine surface sediment samples. Scientific Data 4, 170109, doi:10.1038/sdata.2017.109 (2017).<br> * sediment traps: citations provided in data files</p> <p>DATA<br> 1. Planktonic foraminifera shell flux time series<br> 1.1. all data: dat_sel.RDS<br> 1.2. time series with >125 and >150 micron data: dat_small.RDS<br> 1.3. shell flux data in csv format: shell_flux_data.csv</p> <p>2. ForCenS core top sediment assemblages<br> 2.1. all data (excluding duplicates and samples with incomplete taxonomy): forcens_trimmed_compare.RDS<br> 2.2. all data, split by region: species_domains_compare.RDS<br> 2.3. indices of samples: domain_indeces_compare.RDS</p> <p>3. SST<br> 3.1. average SST for each sample in ForCenS for 1870-1899 period based on HadISST: forcens_HadSST_1870-1899.RDS<br> 3.2. average SST for each sample in ForCenS for 1854-1883 period based on ERSST v5: forcens_ERSST_1854-1883.RDS<br> 3.3. average SST for each sediment trap site for 1870-1899 period based on HadISST: traps_HadSST_1870-1899.RDS<br> 3.4. average SST for each sediment trap site for 1854-1883 period based on ERSST v5: traps_ERSST_1854-1883.RDS<br> 3.5. average SST for each sediment trap site for deployment period based on HadISST: traps_HadSST_period.RDS<br> 3.6. average SST for each sediment trap site for deployment period based on ERSST v5: traps_ERSST_period.RDS<br> 3.7. linear SST trend between 1870 and 2015 based on HadISST: hadisst_trend_1870-2015.RDS<br> 3.8. average SST for period of sediment trap observations: hadisst_mean_1978-2013.RDS</p> <p>CODE<br> 1. get_ForCenS.R: selection of ForCenS data. Used to generate data 2.1-2.3<br> 2. make_polygons.R: make circles with 100 km radius around trap and core tope sites used in 4 and 5<br> 3. make_polygon_function.R: used by 2<br> 4. extract_HadSST.R: extraction of data 3.1, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7, 3.8<br> 5. extract_ERRSTv5.R: extraction of data 3.2, 3.4, 3.6<br> 6. make_annual_assemblages.R: process shell flux time series (data 1.1 and 1.2)<br> 7. make_annual_fluxes_function.R: used by 6<br> 8. compare_trap_sed_publish.R: code to compare sediment trap and core top assemblages<br> 9. compare_figs.R: code to create figures<br> 10. maps_robinson.R: code to create maps</p>
Deaf Weight Wise: Community-engaged Implementation Research to Promote Healthy Lifestyle Change With Deaf ASL Users
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05211596. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data and model code for: Habitat use patterns suggest that climate-driven vegetation changes will negatively impact mammal communities in the Amazon (ACV)
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Strong context-dependence in the relative importance of climate and habitat on macro-moth community changes in Finland
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Data used in: Assessing the resilience and viability of communities in a changing environment
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Data from: Limited directional change in mountaintop plant communities over 19 years in western North America
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