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311 results for “community patterns”
Similar parasite communities but dissimilar infection patterns in two closely related chickadee species
<p>Haemosporidian parasite communities are broadly similar in Boulder County, CO between two common songbirds –– the Black-capped Chickadee (<em>Poecile</em> <em>atricapillus</em>) and Mountain Chickadee (<em>Poecile</em> <em>gambeli</em>). However, Mountain Chickadees appear more likely to be infected with <em>Plasmodium</em> and potentially experience higher infection burdens with <em>Leucocytozoon</em> in contrast to Black-capped Chickadees. We found that elevation change (and associated ecology) drives the distributions of these parasite genera. For Boulder County chickadees, environmental factors play a more important role in structuring haemosporidian communities than host evolutionary differences. However, evolutionary differences are likely key to shaping the probability of infection, infection burden, and whether an infection remains detectable over time. We found that for recaptured birds, their infection status (i.e., presence or absence of detectable parasite infection) tends to remain consistent across capture periods. We sampled 234 chickadees between 2017–2021 across a ~1500-meter elevation gradient from low elevation (i.e., the city of Boulder) to comparatively high elevation (i.e., the CU Boulder Mountain Research Station). It is unknown whether long-term haemosporidian abundance trends have changed over time in our sampling region. However, we ask whether potentially disparate patterns of <em>Plasmodium</em> susceptibility and <em>Leucocytozoon</em> infection burden could be playing a role in the negative population trends of Mountain Chickadees.</p>
Structural and functional effects of global invasion pressure on benthic marine communities – patterns, challenges and priorities
<p>Here we present datasets underlying the results of the study examining patterns of structural and functional community-level change in a range of well-studied marine ecosystems with documented histories of bioinvasion. For the purpose of the study, the authors identified six regions with extensive bay-scale datasets on native and non-indigenous benthic species assemblages, allowing paired comparisons in time (years to decades; retrospective datasets) or space (high vs. low proximity to hotspots of NIS introductions within a region; cross-sectional datasets) representing differences in bioinvasion pressure (Table 1). These sites were: 1) coastal waters of British Columbia, Canada (BC); 2) San Francisco Bay, USA (SF); 3) Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil (BR); 4) North-Eastern Baltic Sea, Estonia (BS); 5) estuaries of New South Wales, Australia (AU) and 6) Waitematā Harbour, New Zealand (NZ). These six regions are generally at mid- to higher-latitudes, with one low-latitude site (BR). The study sites encompassed surveys of benthic communities: fouling assemblages (BC and AU), subtidal reefs (BR and BS), and soft-sediment benthos (SF, BS, and NZ).</p> <p>Three data files are provided for each study region and include:</p> <ul> <li>benthic community data (XX_species.csv)</li> <li>binary (0/1) biological trait information compiled for all species in the dataset (XX_traits.csv)</li> <li>additional explanatory variables considered for each study region - bioinvasion pressure and spatial variables (XX_env.csv)</li> </ul> <p>For detailed information on datasets and methods description please refer to the original manuscript by Zaiko et al.</p>
Data and model code for: Habitat use patterns suggest that climate-driven vegetation changes will negatively impact mammal communities in the Amazon (ACV)
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Data and analysis scripts for: Co-occurrence patterns at four spatial scales implicate reproductive processes in shaping community assembly in clovers
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Integrating biotic interactions in niche analyses unravels patterns of community composition in clownfishes
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Data from: Different taxonomic and functional indices complement the understanding of herb-layer community assembly patterns in a southern-limit temperate forest
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Long-term coastal macrobenthic Community Trajectory Analysis reveals habitat-dependent stability patterns
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Genotype and genetic diversity data for: Contrasts in riverscape patterns of intraspecific genetic variation in a diverse Neotropical fish community of high conservation value
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Opposing community assembly patterns for dominant and non-dominant plant species in herbaceous ecosystems globally
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Biogeographic patterns of community diversity associated with an introduced alga
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Data from: Plant community-specific greening patterns predict population size increases in a temperate herbivore
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Functional biogeography of Neotropical moist forests: trait-climate relationships and assembly patterns of tree communities
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Geographical variation in the trait-based assembly patterns of multitrophic invertebrate communities
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Similar parasite communities but dissimilar infection patterns in two closely related chickadee species
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Data and code from: Functional rarity of plants in German hay meadows - patterns on the species level and mismatches with community species richness
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Data from: The spatial patterns of community composition, their environmental drivers and their spatial scale dependence vary markedly between fungal ecological guilds
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Floral density and co-occurring congeners alter patterns of selection in annual plant communities
While the evolution and diversification of flowers is often attributed to pollinator-mediated selection, interactions between co-occurring plant species can alter patterns of selection mediated by pollinators and other agents. The extent to which both floral density and congeneric species richness affect patterns of net and pollinator-mediated selection on multiple co-occurring species in a community is unknown and is likely to depend on whether co-occurring plants experience competition or facilitation for reproduction. We conducted an observational study of selection on four species of <i>Clarkia</i> (Onagraceae) and tested for pollinator-mediated selection on two <i>Clarkia</i> species in communities differing in congeneric species richness and local floral density. When selection varied with community context, selection was generally stronger in communities with fewer species, where local conspecific floral density was higher, and where local heterospecific floral density was lower. These patterns suggest that intraspecific competition at high densities and interspecific competition at low densities may affect the evolution of floral traits. However, selection on floral traits was not pollinator-mediated in <i>C. cylindrica</i> or <i>C. xantiana</i>, despite variation in pollinator visitation and the extent of pollen limitation across communities for <i>C. cylindrica</i>. As such, interactions between co-occurring species may alter patterns of selection mediated by abiotic agents of selection.
Latitudinal pattern in community-wide herbivory does not match the pattern in herbivory averaged across common plant species
<p>1. The latitudinal herbivory hypothesis (LHH) predicts that plant losses to herbivores decrease from low to high latitudes. Although the LHH is a community-level hypothesis, it has been rarely tested with data on community-wide herbivory, i.e. the percentage of annual production of foliar biomass consumed by insects from all plant species at a given site. Therefore, we asked whether community-wide leaf herbivory follows the same latitudinal pattern as observed for an unweighted average of herbivory across common plant species.</p> <p>2. We selected ten study sites in boreal forests from 60°N to 69°N along 1000 km long latitudinal gradient in NW Russia. We measured relative foliar losses to insect herbivores in seven woody plant species (jointly comprising over 95% of the community-wide aboveground biomass) and estimated their current-year foliar biomass. We averaged leaf herbivory for all seven species and calculated community-wide leaf herbivory by weighting the relative foliar losses of each plant species against the contribution of that species to the annual foliar biomass production.</p> <p>3. Leaf herbivory was five-fold higher in deciduous species than in conifers. Latitudinal patterns in herbivory varied from a significant poleward decrease in all deciduous species to a significant poleward increase in Norway spruce. Herbivory values, averaged across seven plant species, decreased with latitude and followed the pattern observed in deciduous plants due to their higher foliar losses compared with conifers. By contrast, community-wide herbivory did not change with latitude. This discrepancy emerged because the proportion of deciduous plant foliage in the community increased with increasing latitude, and this increase counterbalanced the simultaneous poleward decrease in losses of these species to insects.</p> <p>4. Synthesis The herbivory measured by averaging relative losses of individual plant species and the community-wide herbivory are likely to show different latitudinal patterns in various plant communities. The contributions of plant species to the total foliar biomass production should be taken into account in studies of spatial patterns of herbivory which test community-level hypotheses. This approach may provide new insight into macroecological research on biotic interactions and improve our understanding of the role of insect herbivores in ecosystem-level processes.</p>
Data from: Spatial patterning of soil microbial communities created by fungus-farming termites
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Spatially overdispersed mounds of fungus-farming termites (Macrotermitinae) are hotspots of nutrient availability and primary productivity in tropical savannas, creating spatial heterogeneity in communities and ecosystem functions. These termites influence the local availability of nutrients in part by redistributing nutrients across the landscape, but the links between termite ecosystem engineering and the soil microbes that are the metabolic agents of nutrient cycling are little understood. We used DNA metabarcoding of soils from <i>Odontotermes montanus</i> mounds to examine the influence of termites on soil microbial communities in a semi-arid Kenyan savanna. We found that bacterial and fungal communities were compositionally distinct in termite-mound topsoils relative to the surrounding savanna, and that bacterial communities were more diverse on mounds. The higher microbial alpha and beta diversity associated with mounds created striking spatial patterning in microbial community composition, and boosted landscape-scale microbial richness and diversity. Selected enzyme assays revealed consistent differences in potential enzymatic activity, suggesting links between termite-induced heterogeneity in microbial community composition and the spatial distribution of ecosystem functions. We conducted a large-scale field experiment in which we attempted to simulate termites' effects on microbes by fertilizing mound-sized patches; this altered both bacterial and fungal communities, but in a different way than natural mounds. Elevated levels of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium may help to explain the distinctive fungal communities in termite-mound soils, but cannot account for the distinctive bacterial communities associated with mounds.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Integrating floral trait and flowering time distribution patterns help reveal a more dynamic nature of co-flowering community assembly processes
<p>Species' floral traits and flowering times are known to be the major drivers of pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions in diverse co-flowering communities. However, their simultaneous role in mediating plant community assembly and plant-pollinator interactions is still poorly understood. Since not all species flower at the same time, inference of facilitative and competitive interactions based on floral trait distribution patterns should account for fine phenological structure (intensity of flowering overlap) within co-flowering communities. Such an approach may also help reveal the simultaneous action of competitive and facilitative interactions in structuring co-flowering communities.</p> <p>Here we used modularity within a co-flowering network context, as a novel approach to detect convergent and/or over-dispersed patterns in floral trait distribution and pollinator sharing. Specifically, we evaluate differences in floral trait and pollinator distribution patterns within (high temporal flowering overlap) and among co-flowering modules (low temporal flowering overlap). We further evaluate the consistency of observed floral trait and pollinator sharing distribution patterns across space (three geographic regions) and time (dry and rainy seasons).</p> <p>We found that floral trait similarity was significantly higher in plant species within co-flowering modules than in species among them. This suggests pollinator facilitation may lead to floral trait convergence, but only within co-flowering modules. However, our results also revealed seasonal and spatial shifts in the underlying interactions (facilitation or competition) driving co-flowering assembly, suggesting that the prevalent dominant interactions are not static.</p> <p>Synthesis: Overall, we provide strong evidence showing that the use of flowering time and floral trait distribution alone may be insufficient to fully uncover the role of pollinator-mediated interactions in community assembly. Integrating this information along with patterns of pollinator sharing will greatly help reveal the simultaneous action of facilitative and competitive pollinator-mediated interactions in co-flowering communities. The spatial and temporal variation in flowering and trait distribution patterns observed further emphasize the importance of adopting a more dynamic view of community assembly processes.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.